中国古代战车（AncientChineseChariot）

Ancient Chinese Chariot

Ancient Chinese Chariot

Zhongguo, Gudai, zhanche, China, ancient, s, chariot,...

A vehicle used in warfare in ancient China for offensive and defensive purposes. Of the car directly to fight against the enemy, and carry the baggage for garrison caboose. Used in the general literature will attack the car called the chariot, car, car, or start war leather car, car hub and long wu. The Xia Dynasty has small chariots and chariot. From the category of Western Zhou Dynasty to the spring and autumn, the chariot has been the main equipment of the army, the war is the main mode of operation.

In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the shape of chariot was described in detail in the book of records. In 1936, in Anyang city of Henan Province, the chariot pit unearthed for the first time, a chariot of the Shang dynasty. The south end of the pit is lined with tools and horses, and there are 3 weapons inside and outside the car. From the unearthed in Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty, spring and autumn and Warring States period tombs in the Shang and Zhou dynasties chariot can be seen, the chariot shape is basically the same, are: Yuan alone (the Warring States), two long width hubs; vertical short rectangular compartment (and), open the car door in the rear; shaft pressed between the car rear end with the driving axle, tail slightly above the car, driving the car in front of the horizontal scale, scale up to two yoke horses (Figure 1 the vehicle structure

diagram). The chariot wheel diameter is larger, about 130 to 140 cm, the spring and Autumn period is reduced to 124 cm; the spokes 18 ~ 24; car width is generally between 130 to 160 cm (unearthed in Shandong Province Xi an Jiao County in the Western Zhou Dynasty chariot car up to 1 cm wide, 80 cm to 100 cm depth). The wheel diameter, width and depth of carriage is short, and it is a single shaft, in order to increase the stability and protection and not by the enemy side car approaching, car hub are far better than the chariot car car hub long. Such as Xi an of the Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed chariots, the hub is 40 cm long, copper head Wei (sound Wei4, car head) 13.5 cm long, a total length of 53.5 cm (Figure 2 Western Zhou chariot recovery plan). According to the determination and comparison of the size of the main parts of the unearthed vehicles, change in vehicle structure of Shang and Zhou Dynasty: the rail width decreases, while the number of them gradually shortened, wheel spokes increased gradually. The purpose is obviously to improve the speed and flexibility of the tank.

The chariot is made of wooden structure, and bronze pieces are usually placed in important parts. They are commonly used as vehicles for reinforcement and decoration.

The Western Zhou Dynasty before the mid-1980s, general use Long Wei decoration, its length is 17 cm; after the Western Zhou Dynasty is a short passage of Wei decoration, its length is between 8 to 10 cm. 1 spearlike car with the county of Hubei province Wei unearthed from the tomb of Ceng Houyi, 37.5 cm long, it is not only used for protection and decoration of head, but also with the nature of the attack device. The axle is the key component of the rapid rotation of the chariot. In order to

prevent damage, during the Warring States period, it has begun to install the iron mace between the shaft hubs to reduce the friction between the hub and axle. According to the Henan province Luoyang city Zhongzhou road chariot pit unearthed the Warring States period, semi cylindrical iron mace tile, each round of 4 pieces, with nails in shaft. Least decoration is wrapped in the copper wheel rim, the longitudinal section is in the shape of U, the joint is fixed on the rim. The rim is a double-layer structure, each layer is composed of 2.5 circular wooden ring joints staggered together, both the inside and outside, at right angles to each other, which has 4 joints of each rim, with the 4 least tighten decoration.

Each of his 2 or 4 Horse chariot horses. The middle of the 4 horse riding the 2 horses called \"two serviceo the yoke of driving shaft in balance on both sides. About 2 horses called \"two dynasty\in line in front of the car. Known as \"the si\". A bronze horse and harness Maxianshan muzzle, which is the key equipment of the Royal horse. Ma Tiyi has brass ornaments, mainly horses, horses, houses, horses, crowns, moon, horse backs, saddles, rings, bells, etc..

Chariot Jiashi 3 per car, press the left, middle and right order. The soldier left the bow, the main shoot, is a car first, \"said the car left\also called \"a song\"; the right soldier executed Ge (or spear), and pierce, and a chariot obstacles responsibility, \"said the car right, also known as participation by\" is centered; control the charioteer,

Carry only body weapons, daggers. This multiplication can be traced back to the Shang dynasty. As in the chariot pit, 3

soldier distribution two, car 2, and side 1; 3 sets of weapons, the first set of exquisite luxury, only two sets of ordinary copper, there is obvious difference in the level of the weapon, varieties are obviously shooting points. According to the \"Zuo Zhuan\China ancient literature, the Western Zhou Dynasty and the spring and Autumn period, the multiplication and the same also. In addition, there are 4 people on the law, known as the \"Si multiply, but this is not equipped with temporary nature, practice. In addition to the 3 soldier packs to weapons, the car also has some handle fighting weapon. According to the \"Kao Gong Ji, Lu\" records, these weapons are Ge, Shu, spear, halberd, Qiu Yi spear, referred to as the \"car of the five soldiershese weapons are inserted in the tank and side, for use in combat. In the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty there is \"he shape of the high inserted weapons. But in the actual unearthed chariot, the weapon types are often not as complete as recorded.

The king took chariots called \"Rong\vehicles are basically the same. The spring and Autumn period after the emergence of a full-time generals in the army, the monarch has not landed combat Pro chariot, so Rong will lose its meaning as designed by monarch, and become generals commanding car.

Besides 3 chariots each soldier on the car, but also attached to a fixed number of acts of soldiers (infantry called spring and Autumn period, the Warring States period known as death). These soldiers were combined with each chariot, together with the corresponding logistics vehicles and servitude, which

constituted a basic unit of the army at that time, called a ride. This situation reflects the characteristics of the army's chariot centered structure. Shang and Zhou dynasties chariot, representing the slave society China military technology and equipment, the use of animal at the time of the chariot driving arm, enhance its maneuverability; the car Jiashi bronze weapons, played the most powerful weapon at the time; the car is also equipped with its drum duo cymbals, to ensure that the army communication and battle command. In combat, a soldier standing in the car, and with soldiers in the car, and when one traffic was routed, the outcome is a foregone conclusion. So the war at that time was mainly the fighting between chariots.

In the initial stage of the war, the number of less use of the chariot. According to the \"Lushih chunchiu\" records, the Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty and the summer war in Yueyi, using only 70 by chariots. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wu at the battle of Makino, at the same time use 300 times the size of. During the spring and Autumn period, with the development of productive forces and the intensification of the annexation war, the number of chariots increased significantly. To the end of the spring and Autumn period, some big states, such as Jin and Chu, the number has reached 4000 vehicles by more than. At the turn of the spring and Autumn period, with the development of feudal production relations, new troops with large numbers of infantry began to form. The improvement of using iron weapons and crossbows, and the infantry in a wide front, effectively curb the dense neat traffic offense. The chariot is cumbersome and difficult to handle, and its mobility is limited by terrain and road conditions. It is gradually replaced by infantry and cavalry. However, the evolution of the mode of operation is

extremely slow, until the Warring States period, the number of vehicles every country is still considerable, large-scale war still occur, such as the \"historical records of the biography of Zhang Yi\" records, when the Qin is composed of \"with a hundred thousand million, car, riding a horse\". But the chariot is no longer bear the main combat missions, is no longer the main way of war fighting forces.

The multiplication and use of chariot in Qin Dynasty can be accurately reflected by the chariot soldiers unearthed from Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, Lintong County, Terracotta Army and Shaanxi pit. Although the body has been unearthed wood rot destroyed, but from the distribution of pottery horses, who can be seen: each chariot is still before driving 4 Horse chariot Jiashi 3, the shape of no great changes. The Qin and Han Dynasties, Han will have to break the light cavalry and fan Kuai Nan Yong; Ru Yin Hou Xiahou Ying the use of chariots,

Once 4 times to chariot assault crime; General of the van had to ride to the pursuit of Guan Ying Xiang Dong cheng. The chariot still plays a part in the war in the early Han dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wu in the Han Dynasty (140 BC to 87 BC), the armies of the Han Dynasty developed a large number of cavalry units in order to continue the war with the Huns, and thereafter the chariot gradually disappeared on the battlefield.

1. nest car

Nest car ancient armored reconnaissance vehicle, used to watch the news, with a lifting leather car, is estimated to be in the

Tang dynasty.

2. trains

The red car is Zhu Geliang Chen Cang attack weapons, chariots of history is also important when used in the siege, Chen Bin, Zhao Hao was broken with the hammer disc.

Chariot of spring and autumn 3.

The spring and Autumn period is officially Chinese ancient chariots chariots, including members of a long armed warrior, a striker and a driver.

4. hole car

Cave house car: for the siege of the chariot, Hou has used it and its modified tipped wooden donkey to health, above resistance and can break the city under mining.

5. tiger cars

The car is the use of Tiger tanks, covered with leather, suitable for street fighting, can be used as a fortification activity.

6. rocket car

Rocket car is the vehicle use in the field of defense army, general use on the military front.

7. artillery

The artillery is folangji artillery in the Ming Dynasty is one of the earliest breech weapon, the shells using cylinder can be changed rapidly, speed is much faster than the cannon in the Qing dynasty.

8. compartment truck

Partial compartment vehicle: Qi Jiguang's chariot against the northern nomadic army. One side armor can serve as a preliminary shelter.

9. door car

The car: defenders of weapons, once the gates were open, it is the gate.

10. ladders

Ladders: ladder is not generally film as a simple ladder, with a shield, winch, hoist and other special tools pancheng.

11. box car

Box car: three, with armor, which can be used for launching and attacking.

12. horse

Flow: from Zhu Geliang's truck, supposedly drawn.

The 13. cock knife car

Car: improved knife cock cock car, so that the other party is very difficult climbing, forming activity barriers.