新教材北师大版高中英语必修第一册全册重点单词短语句型归纳总结

Unit 1 Life Choices ............................................................................................................ - 1 - Unit 2 Sports And Fitness ............................................................................................... - 25 - Unit 3 Celebrations ......................................................................................................... - 44 -

Unit 1 Life Choices

重点词汇

expectation n．预料，预期；期待

(1)in expectation 期望着；意料之中 have expectations of (对……)抱有期望 beyond expectation/out of expectation 出乎意料 (2)expect sth.(from sb.) expect to do sth. expect sb.to do sth. expect too much of sb. 期望(从某人处)得到某物 期待做某事 期待某人做某事 对某人期望过高 Messina was beyond expectation. ①The outcome of Milan-米兰对梅西纳一役的结果是出人意料的。

②The talks are expected to continue(continue)until tomorrow. 预计会谈将持续到明天。

③I cannot finish this job by Friday and you expect too much of me. 我星期五以前不能完成这项工作。你对我期望太高了。 a range of 一系列；各种

(教材P8)I do a wide range of things online. 我在网上做各种事情。

(1)range n． 变化范围；等级；类别 v. range from...to... range between...and... (范围)涉及；排列；把……分类 在……范围内变动，包括由…… 到……之间的各类事物 在……和……范围内变动 (2)within/in range (of sth.) out of range (of sth.) 在可及的范围内 超出……的范围 ①The hotel offers a wide range of facilities and services. 酒店提供一系列设施和服务。

②He has a number of interests，ranging(range) from playing chess to swimming. 他的爱好很多，从下棋到游泳。

③The cat stayed well out of range of the children. 这只猫离孩子们远远的。

various adj.各种各样的；多种(类型)的

(教材P8)I also shop for various things online，such as books，computer hardware and other necessities.

我也在网上买各种各样的东西，像书、电脑硬盘和其他一些必需品。 (1)variety n． 种类；多样化 a variety of/varieties of (2)vary v. vary with... vary from...to... 多种多样的 变化，不同 随……而变化 从……到……变化不等 ①At the class meeting，the students had various opinions. 班会上，学生们提出了不同的意见。

②People change their mind for a variety(various)of reasons. 人们会由于种种原因改变主意。

③However，views on this issue vary from person to person. 然而，不同的人对这个问题有不同的看法。 convenient adj.方便的，便利的

(教材P8)It's so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.

在购物前，能在不同的网络商店比较质量和价格是非常方便的。 (1)if convenient 如果方便的话 It is convenient for sb.to do... (2)convenience n. 对某人来说做某事很方便 方便；便利；便利的事物 at one's convenience for convenience for the convenience of 在某人方便时 为方便起见 为了方便…… ①Students think it is convenient for them to communicate with the outside world by using cell phones.

学生们认为用手机与外界交流很方便。

②I hope you can send me an answer at your convenience(convenient)． 我希望你能在方便的时候给我回信。 [名师点津]

(1)convenient作表语时，不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语，多用于It is convenient for sb.to do...这一句型中。

(2)convenience意为“方便；便利”时为不可数名词；表示“便利的事物；便利设施”时为可数名词。

from time to time 不时；有时；偶尔；间或

(教材P8)I also play computer games from time to time and I even play tennis on my television screen in my living room!

我也偶尔玩电脑游戏，我甚至在卧室电视屏幕上玩网球。 at a time at all times at any time at no time at one time in no time 一次；同时；一下子；每次 不论什么时候，老是 随时；无论何时 永不，在任何时候都不 (过去)有个时期；曾经，一度 立即，马上 ①He is a good student but he is late for school at times. 他是个好学生，不过有时上学迟到。 ②I'll support you at all times. 不论什么时候我都支持你。

③Unexpected disasters can strike at any time. 不可预料的灾难随时可能发生。 [名师点津]

at no time置于句首，句子用部分倒装。 addict n．对……着迷的人

(教材P8)My parents are worried that I may become an “Internet addict”． 我父母担心我可能成为一个有“网瘾的人”。 (1)addict v． addict oneself to (2)be/become addicted to (3)addiction n. addictive adj. 使沉溺；使成瘾 沉溺于 对……有瘾；热衷于…… 入迷；上瘾 上瘾的 ①Now many children addict themselves to computer games. 许多孩子现在迷上了电脑游戏。

②It doesn't take a long time to become addicted to these drugs. 服用这些毒品不用很长时间就会上瘾。 ③She helped him fight his drug addiction(addict)． 她帮助他戒毒。

tend to do sth.易于做某事；倾向于做某事

(教材P9)I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of the term. 我倾向于学期开始定下每门课的目标。 (1)tend vi. vt. tend to/towards sth. (2)tendency n. have a tendency to do sth. ①She tended the sick and wounded. 她看护病人和伤者。

②I tend to have(have)a different answer，depending on the family. 根据家庭的不同，我往往会给出不同的答案。

③These plants have a tendency(tend)to grow in the more rural areas. 这些植物大多生长在偏远的乡村。

趋向；易于；照顾 照顾；护理 朝某方向 倾向；趋势 有做某事的倾向 distance n．距离，间距

(教材P9)Meanwhile，I'm an active member of my school's long-distance running team and volunteering club.

同时，我是我们学校长跑队和志愿者俱乐部的积极成员。 (1)in the distance 在远处 at a distance 稍远处；隔一段距离 keep one's distance from...＝keep...at a distance 与……保持距离 (2)distant adj. be distant from 遥远的；疏远的 离……遥远 ①There was a flash of light in the distance. 远处灯光一闪。

②Jay had always tended to keep his girlfriends at a distance. 杰伊一贯和他的女朋友们保持距离。

③The school is three miles distant(distance)from the station. 这学校距离车站3英里。 get ahead 取得进步，获得成功 (教材P9)Set a goal and get ahead! 确定一个目标，取得成功！ get up get to get about get into get off get on get in get across get through get over 起身；站起 到达 四处走动；(消息等)传开 进入；陷入；养成(习惯)；对……感兴趣 从……下来；下车(船、飞机等) 上车(船、飞机等) 收获 (使)通过；(使)理解 通过；度过；完成；接通(电话) 恢复；克服 ①By the time I got to the top of the hill，I was quite out of breath. 等我爬到山顶的时候，已经是上气不接下气了。

②How would they get over that problem，he wondered? 他们会怎么解决那个问题？他寻思着。

③I don't know how poor people got through those cold winters. 我不知道穷人们是怎样熬过那些寒冬的。 all in all 总而言之，总的来说

(教材P100)All in all，I hope to have a happier，more fruitful and satisfying life in my new school.

总的来说，我希望在我的新学校中有一个更快乐、更丰硕、更令人满意的生活。

above all after all at all in all 尤其是；首先；最重要的是 毕竟，终究 丝毫；根本 总共 ①But above all tell me quickly what I have to do. 可首先快些告诉我该做什么。

②After all，your birthday is only two weeks away. 毕竟，两周后就是你的生日。 ③He doesn't like you at all. 他根本不喜欢你。

④There are 25,000 Inuits in all. 这儿共有25 000因努伊特人。 recover vi.恢复健康，康复

(教材P100)I have no regrets as I love solving problems helping people recover from illnesses and injuries.

我不后悔，因为我喜欢解决问题，帮助人们从疾病和伤害中恢复过来。 (1)recover from... recover one's costs recover oneself (2)recovery n. make a full recovery 从……恢复 收回成本 清醒过来 恢复健康，复原；重获，复得 完全康复 ①He is very ill and unlikely to recover. 他病得厉害，不太可能恢复健康。

②The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war. 这个国家尚未从战争的影响下恢复过来。

③She made a speedy recovery(recover)from her illness and was soon back at work.

她生病后很快康复，不久就去上班了。 [语境助记]

He made a quick recovery from his illness，which made his mother recover from the anxiety.

arise vi.(问题或困难)出现，发生

(教材P100)Unfortunately，the job can also be stressful，especially when challenges arise and I work so much that I feel I don't see my family enough.

不幸的是，这份工作也很有压力，尤其是当挑战出现时，我工作很忙以至于我感觉我经常看不到我的家人。

arise from... arise against... 从……中产生，因……发生 奋起反抗…… ①The problem may not arise，but there's no harm in keeping our powder dry. 问题不一定会发生，但有备无患并无害处。

②Are there any matters arising(arise) from the minutes of the last meeting? 根据上次会议记录，有没有什么新情况出现？

(教材P8)According to them，there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends.

对他们来说，我可能不能判断这些人是否是真朋友，这是危险的。

【要点提炼】 句中的that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends是that引导的同位语从句，解释说明a danger的内容。

在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句，常常跟在fact，idea，opinion，news，hope，belief等名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容，可以由名词、代词、短语及句子来充当同位语从句。同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个名词，对前面抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释。 ①The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。

②The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这项工作的想法是完全错误的。

③People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe. 人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。 [名师点津]

引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，that不可省略。

(教材P8)Actually，I do know I need to drag myself away from the online world sometimes，...

事实上，我非常清楚我有时需要强迫自己不上网，……

【要点提炼】 句中的do是助动词，加强谓语动词的语气。其中助动词do有各种时态和人称的变化。

①Do come to my birthday party. 一定来我的生日晚会。 ②He did tell me the news. 他的确告诉我那个消息了。

(教材P9)It always makes me excited to work hard and achieve a team goal together.

努力工作和伙伴们一起实现团队目标让我感到非常兴奋。

【要点提炼】 句中的makes me excited是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处用形容词作补足语。

make常用复合结构如下： make sb./sth. ①In 1949，they made Beijing the capital of New China. 在1949年，北京成为新中国的首都。 ②Can you make it suitable(suit)for children? 你能不能使它更适合孩子？

③Our teacher makes us feel(feel) more confident. 老师使得我们感到更自信了。

④The strange noise made us frightened(frighten)． 奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。

⑤He makes the boy standing(stand)all the time. 他让那个男孩一直站着。 [名师点津]

“make sb./sth.do”结构如果用于被动语态，必须加to。 ⑥The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。

重点词汇

suffer vt.&vi.遭受(痛苦)

(教材P12)kinds of people suffering from stress 各种遭受压力的人 (1)suffer from/for/by suffer hunger (2)sufferer n. suffering n. 受……的苦；遭受……(痛苦) 挨饿 受苦者；受难者 痛苦；苦难；折磨 ①He suffers a lot from his disability. 他因为自己的残疾遭受了很多痛苦。

②The pains and sufferings(suffer)caused by the road accident were so great that the whole family couldn't live happily.

这次交通事故造成的痛苦如此之大，全家人再也无法幸福地生活下去了。 [语境助记]

The villagers suffered from hunger.The sufferings made their life hard and some sufferers had to leave their home.

reduce vt.减少，降低，缩小 (教材P12)ways to reduce stress 减少压力的方法

reduce from＋起点 从……降低，减少 reduce to＋终点 reduce by＋程度 减少到…… 减少了…… ①The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25. 雇员人数从40减到了25。

②The workforce has been reduced by half. 劳动力已经减少了一半。

③All the shirts in my shop have been reduced to ￥50. 我店里的所有衬衫都减价到五十元了。 typical adj.一贯的，平常的；典型的 (教材P14)This is a typical day for Zhang Tian. 对张天来说这是平常的一天。

(1)be typical of 典型的，表现为……的特征 It is typical of sb.to do... (2)typically adv. 某人一向做…… 典型地；具有代表性地 ①This painting is fairly typical of his early works. 这幅画是他早期作品中相当典型的代表作。 ②It is typical of him to be at work ahead of time. 提前上班是他一贯的做法。

③It typically(typical)takes a day or two，depending on size.

一般需要一到两天，取决于其规模。 inspire vt.鼓励，激励

(教材P14)But he was inspired by the idea of living independently away from home.

但是他受到离开家生活想法的激励。

(1)inspire sb.with sth.＝inspire sth.in sb. 激励/鼓舞某人…… inspire sb.to do sth. (2)inspiring adj. inspired adj. (3)inspiration n. 激励某人做某事 鼓舞人心的；激动的；启发灵感的 能力卓越的；借助于灵感创作的 灵感；鼓舞人心(的东西) ①And they inspire the country with their selflessness and their courage. 他们用无私和勇气来激励那个国家。

②His speech was inspiring(inspire) and touched my heart. 他的发言鼓舞人心，动人肺腑。

③His brother's example inspired him to try(try)out for the football team. 他哥哥的榜样激励他去接受足球队的选拔测试。 apply vi.申请；请求

(教材P14)So he applied for and became a volunteer teacher in a village school. 于是他申请成为了一所农村小学的志愿者教师。 (1)apply for apply...to... apply oneself to apply to sth. (2)application n. applicant n. 申请 把……应用于…… 专心于，致力于 适用于……，对……有效 申请；应用 申请者 ①We should apply this theory to practice. 我们应该把这个理论应用于实践。

②Students should apply themselves(them)to their study. 学生应该专心致志地学习。

③Tom presented the manager his application(apply)．

汤姆向经理递交了他的申请书。 eager adj.热切的，渴望的

(教材P14)Bringing with him lots of books，clothes，and two pairs of trainers，Zhang Tian travelled to the village with an eager heart.

带着很多书、一些衣服和两双运动鞋迫不及待地来到了村庄。 be eager for/after/about sth. be eager to do sth. be eager that...(should)do sth. 渴望某物 渴望干某事 渴望……(从句多用虚拟语气) ①Now，I am not so eager about your coming to town as I was. 现在，我不像以前那样急于要你进城来。

②I am not so eager to get(get)a new car now，for the prices have gone up. 我现在不急于买新汽车，因为价钱已经涨了。

③The foreman is eager that all the workers should come(come)on time. 这个工头急着要所有工人都按时来。

(教材P15)The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind，but he quickly gave up the idea and found ways to deal with the challenges.

离开的想法闪过他的脑海，但他很快放弃了，并找到方法应付挑战。 (1)give up放弃

give away 捐赠；颁发(奖品等)；泄露(情报、 秘密等) give in to sb. 对某人让步 give off 放出；散发出(液体、气体、气味、热量、能量、光、声音) give out 分发；用完，消耗尽，筋疲力尽 give over 移交 ①According to this speed of mining，the coal on the earth will give out in hundreds of years.

照这种开采速度，几百年后地球上的煤将消耗殆尽。

②Children who are always given in to by their parents soon become spoiled. 总是被父母迁就的孩子很快就被惯坏了。

③The keys were given over to our neighbours during our absence. 外出时，我们把钥匙交给了邻居。

(2)deal with 对付，应付，处理；涉及；与……做生意；与……打交道

写出下列句中deal with的含义

④His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.与……打交道

⑤The meeting will deal with these problems.处理 ⑥I refuse to deal with that firm any longer.与……做生意

⑦The main body of the book deals with the author's political career.涉及 do with 与 deal with 的意思相同，但用法不同。do with 与 what 连用，而deal with 与 how 连用。 ⑧Butter was so expensive that we had to do with margarine in those days. 那时候奶油非常贵，所以我们不得不以人造奶油来将就。 ⑨They don't know what to do with the garbage here. ＝They don't know how to deal with the garbage here. 他们不知道该怎么处理这里的垃圾。 as well as 以及；和；同

(教材P15)Their school lives are now more attractive and interesting，and they enjoy playing football in the playground，as well as singing songs they've learnt.

如今，孩子们的校园生活更加有吸引力和有趣，他们喜欢在操场上踢足球，也喜欢唱学过的歌曲。

(1)as well as用；和；也；和……同样好。连接同等并列成分。连接两个主语时，谓语动词采用就远原则。 (2)as well as和not only...but also...都有“不但……而且”之意，均连接同等并列成分，但as well as强调的是前项，not only...but also...强调的是后项；连接两个主语时，as well as中的谓语动词采用就远原则，not only...but also...中的谓语动词采用就近原则。 ①He speaks Japanese as well as English and French. 他不但会说英语和法语，而且还会说日语。

②Lily as well as her parents is(be)very fond of classical music. 不但莉莉的父母，而且连莉莉也非常喜欢古典音乐。

③We shall travel not only by day but also by night. 我们不但白天旅行，而且晚上也旅行。

contribution n．捐献，贡献；捐献物；捐款；稿件

(教材P15)The contribution he made to the village was great，so he became very popular among the villagers and they treated him as one of them.

他对村子的贡献是巨大的，因此他在村民中变得很受欢迎，把他当成他们中的一员。

(1)make a contribution/contributions to(doing)sth. (2)contribute...to... contribute to 对……做贡献/为……捐款/投稿 把……贡献给/用于…… 有助于，促使 ①Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment. 每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。

②She contributed to the fund with an open heart. 她向基金会捐款，慷慨解囊。

③He contributed(contribute) an article to China Daily. 他为《中国日报》撰写了一篇文章。 intend vt.计划，打算，想要

(教材P15)Although he had only intended to stay for one year，he now feels ready to stay for another year.

尽管他只是打算待一年，但是现在他感觉准备再待一年。 (1)intend sb.to do sth. intend to do/doing sth. intend that... 打算让某人做某事 打算做某事 打算……[从句用(should＋)动词原形] 本打算做某事 had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth. (2)be intended for 为……打算/设计的 ①When international aid is given，steps must be taken to ensure that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended.

当给予国际援助的时候，必须采取措施确保援助能够到达打算被给的人。 ②I didn't intend her to see(see)the painting until it was finished.

我原本不想在画还没有完成时就让她看。 ③I had intended to do it，but I'm afraid I forgot. ＝I intended to have done it，but I'm afraid I forgot. 我本打算去做的，但是很遗憾，我忘了。 to be frank 坦白说，坦率地说

(教材P101)Well，to be frank，everyone suffers from stress at some time in their life.

坦率地说，每个人在他们生命当中的一些时期都遭受压力。 to be frank＝frankly speaking 坦率地说 generally speaking strictly speaking 一般说来 严格地说 honestly speaking＝to be honest 说实话 ①Frankly speaking，he is not so bad as you might think. 坦白讲，他没有你想象中的坏。

②Generally(general)speaking，American English is different from British English in pronunciation and spelling.

一般来说，美式英语和英式英语在发音和拼写方面不同。 due to 因为

(教材P101)But more often than not，it's due to pressure from work or study. 但更是因为来自工作或学习的压力。 be due to sb. be due for be due to do sth. 应付给某人 应得到 预计做某事 ①She is due to make a speech on the economy next week. 她将在下周做一个关于经济的演讲。 ②Some students quit school due to poverty. 一些学生因贫困而辍学。 [语境助记]

The bus was due to arrive at 5 p．m.，but it arrived an hour late due to the heavy fog.

in other words 换句话说

(教材P101)In other words，you can make a list and do all the important things first.

换句话说，你可以列个清单，先做所有重要的事情。 keep one's word break one's word/promise eat one's words get in a word in a/one word have a word with sb. have words with sb. word came that... 遵守诺言 违背诺言；食言 收回所说的话 插话 总之 与某人谈一谈 和某人吵架 消息说…… not too different from a TV or radio commercial in in other words，①His job was，today's world.

换句话说，他的工作与今天的电视和商业广播差不多。

②I don't think your idea is a good one.In a word，I don't agree with you. 我认为你的主意并不好，总之，我不同意你的看法。

③Word came that Zhu Zhiwen，nicknamed “Overcoat Brother”，would soon visit our school，which excited us.

消息传来，绰号称之为“大衣哥”的朱之文不久就要来我们学校参观，这让我们很兴奋。

seek vt.寻求；请求

(教材P101)If you become so stressed you can't function properly，you should seek professional help.

如果你压力如此大以至于不能很好的工作，你应该寻求专业帮助。 seek sth.(from sb.) seek after/for sb.(sth.) seek one's fortune seek out seek to do sth. (向某人)请求/寻求某物 寻求某人(某物) 寻找成功(致富)的机会 找出；寻出 试图做…… to seek their views ①The event was held for young people from around the world，on how the future of youth and education should look.

这次活动是为来自世界各地的年轻人举办，寻求他们对未来的青年和教育的看法。

②We are seeking to attain(attain)the most advanced technology level in the world. 我们正设法达到世界最先进的技术水平。

③Why do modern people seek after material possessions? 为什么现代人追求物质财富？

(教材P15)However，not everything lived up to Zhang Tian's hopes. 然而，并不是每件事都符合张天的希望。

【要点提炼】 句中的not everything...为部分否定结构，意为“并非都，并非所有的”。

(1)all，both，every，everybody，everyday，everyone，everything，everywhere，always，often等与not搭配使用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都；并非两个都；不是每个都；并非总是”。在这种部分否定结构中不论not放在这些词前面还是放在这些词后面，它们都表示部分否定。 (2)both的全部否定用neither；everyone的全部否定用nobody或no one；not all的全部否定为none；not always的全部否定为never。 ①All that glitters are not gold. 闪闪发光的东西不一定都是金子。 ②Not both students are diligent. ＝Both students are not diligent. 这两个学生并非都勤奋。

(教材P15)What made him feel satisfied was that his students were able to read，speak and write in English and they became more confident in learning.

最让他感到欣慰的是孩子们能够用英语读、说和写，并且在学习上变得更自信。

【要点提炼】 句中的What made him feel satisfied是what引导的主语从句，其中what在主语从句中作主语。

what常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“什么”，“所……的”，“……的样子”等。二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定作成分，而且常作主语，宾语或表语。 ①People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see what he will do.

人们已经听到了总统所说的；他们正等着看总统会做什么。

②Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just what worries the public.

是否能找到阻止污染的方法就是所令民众担心的事儿。 ③They have no idea at all what he is working on. 他们一点儿都不知道他正在做什么。

重点词汇

junior adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者

(教材P18)You are going to write an email to one of your junior secondary school classmates about your new school life.

你要给你的一个初中同学写一封关于你的新学校生活的电子邮件。 (1)be junior to 比……低级；比……年少 be junior to sb.by...years＝be...years sb.'s junior ＝be sb.'s junior (by...) 比某人小……岁 (2)senior adj. be senior to 资深的；(级别、地位等)较高的；年长的 比……年长；比……高级 ①She is junior to him by four years. ＝She is four years his junior. ＝She is his junior by four years. 她比他小四岁。

②He is my manager，though he is junior to me. 他是我的经理，尽管他资历比我浅。

③My brother is senior to me by two years. 家兄比我年长两岁。

adapt v．使适应；改编，改造

(教材P18)I hope you have adapted well to the new situation and are enjoying your new school.

我希望你能适应新的形势，喜欢你的新学校。 (1)adapt to adapt...to... adapt...from... adapt...for... (2)adaptable adj. adaptation n. 适应，适合 使……适应或适合…… 根据……改编或改写 改编或改作……之用 能适应的，适应性强的 改编(本)，改造；适应 ①Chung has tried to adapt to local customs. 钟努力去适应当地的风俗习惯。

②She adapted herself(her)quickly to the new life. 她很快就适应了这种新生活。

③The author is going to adapt his play for television. 作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。 at the moment 此刻，目前，眼下

(教材P18)At the moment，we meet twice a week and we're preparing to attend a competition.

目前，我们每周见两次，我们正在准备参加一次比赛。 for the moment＝for the present 暂时 for a moment in a moment the moment＝the minute/instant 片刻 不久，立刻，马上 一……就…… ①We aren't going to make any change for the moment. 我们暂时不做任何改变。

②I really must be getting home in a moment. 我真的必须立即回家。

③I want to see her the moment she arrives. 她一到我就要见她。

presentation n．报告；陈述；说明

(教材P18)I've got a presentation tomorrow and I need to finish my slides. 明天我有一个报告，我需要完成我的幻灯片。 present sb.with sth.(1)present sth.to sb. present sb.to sb. 把某物交给/颁发给/授予某人 把某人介绍/引荐给某人 (2)at the present time＝at present 目前，现在 for the present 就现在来说，暂时 ①He likes to present himself as a radical politician. 他喜欢表现出一副激进政治家的样子。

②Most fathers wish to be present at the birth of their child. 多数做父亲的都希望孩子出生时自己能在场。 ③I'm afraid I can't help you just at present.I'm too busy. 很抱歉，我现在帮不了你。我实在太忙了。 [名师点津]

present作为形容词时，作“在场的，出席的”讲时放在被修饰词的后面；而作为“现在的，目前的”讲时放在被修饰词的前面。

look forward to期待，盼望

(教材P18)I look forward to hearing all about what's happening with you soon. 我期待着尽快听到你发生的一切。 look about/around look after look back look down look down on/upon look for look into look out 环顾四周；到处看 照顾 回顾；回头看 俯视 看不起 寻找 调查；窥视 当心，小心 look up 仰望；查阅 ①When all the facts have been looked up，pass them on to me. 所有事实查出后，转交给我。

②The police are looking into the records of all those involved in the crime. 警方正在调查所有涉嫌这起犯罪的记录。

③Looking back on it，one realizes that it was far from being a satisfactory conference.

回顾过去，人们会意识到那不是一次成功的会议。 [名师点津]

look forward to短语中的to为介词，后面跟名词或动名词形式。 come up with想出(计划、回答)；提出

(教材P21)The Duchess came up with a clever idea to solve this problem. 公爵夫人想出了一个聪明的办法来解决这个问题。 come up to come up come out come across come about come to 走近 发生；被提及(无被动式) 出来；出版；开花 (偶然)遇见；碰到 发生 达到；总计 ①When will the matter come up for discussion? 这件事什么时候提出来讨论？

②This book is about to come out in Britain，and later in France and in Spain. 该书即将在英国出版，随后还会在法国和西班牙出版。 ③They didn't know how the change had come about. 他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。 [名师点津]

come up with的主语是人或组织，with后是提出的内容；come up意为“被提出”，主语是被提出的内容，主动表被动。

play a．..part in 在……方面起……作用； 在……中扮演……角色

(教材P21)They still play an important part in the social life in modern Britain. 它们在现代英国生活中仍然起重要作用。 (1)play a．..part in＝play a．..role in (2)play a(n)．..part/role in...的常考方向：短语中的part/role常被提前用作先行词，后接一个定语从句，play的选择为设题焦点。 ①In the letter，he told Mr.Obama that food would play an important part in his administration.

在这封信中，他对奥巴马说，食品问题应该在他执政中占重要地位。 ②The role of the old king he played in our school play impressed us very much. 他在我们学校演的剧中扮演的老国王角色给我们的印象很深。 entertainment n．娱乐；招待，款待

(教材P22)I love city life because it's full of opportunities for culture，education and entertainment.

我喜欢城市生活，因为它充满文化、教育和娱乐的机会。 (1)entertain vt. entertain sb.to sth. entertain sb.with sth. (2)entertaining adj. 使娱乐，使快乐；招待 用某物招待某人 用某物使某人快乐 有趣的；令人愉快的 ①Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night. 昨晚鲍勃和利兹设宴招待了我们。

②The child entertained himself with his building blocks. 孩子在搭积木玩。

③The traveller was an entertaining(entertain)story teller. 这位旅客是一位有趣的说故事者。 cut off 切(砍)掉；切断；隔绝

(教材P23)Some city people think country life is lonely because you're cut off from the outside world.

一些城市人认为乡村生活是孤独的，因为你与外界隔绝了。 cut back on cut up 减少，削减，缩减 切碎，剁碎 cut across/through cut in cut out 抄近路穿过 插嘴 删除 ①She kept cutting in on our conversation. 我们谈话时她老是插嘴。

②I would cut out the bit about working as a waitress. 我想删掉有关做女服务员的那段工作经历。 ③I usually cut through the park on my way home. 我在回家途中通常抄近路穿过公园。

(教材P21)In the 18th and 19th centuries，most English people ate only two main meals each day－breakfast in the morning and a large supper which usually wasn't served until seven o'clock in the evening.

在18世纪和19世纪，大部分英国人每天吃两顿饭，早晨的早餐和直到晚上七点才吃的晚饭。

【要点提炼】 not...until结构中，until引导了时间状语从句，表示“直到……才”。

(1)引导时间状语从句，如果主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定式； 若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until结构。 (2)在not...until句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，句子用倒装语序。 (3)not...until...句型的强调句式为：It is/was not until...that...。 ①He didn't come home until midnight. 他直到半夜才回家。

②Not until I have fulfilled my task shall I be able to go to the movies. 直到完成任务时我才能去看电影。

(教材P21)It is believed that the custom began thousands of years ago when tea houses started cropping up along the Silk Road to provide rest for weary travellers.

人们相信，这个习俗起源于几千年前，当茶馆沿丝绸之路兴起，为疲倦的旅

行者提供休息。

【要点提炼】 it is believed that...表示“据信；人们相信”。

(1)本句型中的不定式可用一般时、进行时或完成时，分别表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生的动作或状态、与谓语动词动作同时发生的进行动作或在谓语动词动作之前发生的完成动作。 (2)类似句型： sb./sth.is believed/thought/hoped/reported to do sth. ＝It is believed/thought/hoped/reported that... 人们相信/认为/希望/据报道…… ①He is said to be writing another novel about the same theme. 据说他正在写另一部同一主题的小说。 ②She is said to have gone(go) abroad. 据说她已经出国了。

③The house was reported (report) to be in excellent condition. 报告说明这房子的状况极佳。

(教材P23)If anything，people are more likely to be lonely in a big city. 如果有的话，在大城市里人们更容易孤独。

【要点提炼】 if anything是状语从句的省略，完整的句子是：If there is anything。

(1)当状语从句的主语是it，且谓语动词是be时，it和be要完全简化掉。 (2)主句和从句的主语一致，从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。 ①If (it is)possible，he will help you out of the difficulty. 如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。

②As (he was)young，he learned how to ride a bike. 他小时候就学会了骑自行车。

③Although doing(do)his best in maths these days，he has still got no good marks. 尽管近来他一直在学数学，但他仍然没有取得好成绩。

Unit 2 Sports And Fitness

重点词汇

(教材P28)I prefer to play basketball rather than play football. 我宁愿打篮球而不愿踢足球。 (1)prefer vt.更喜欢；宁可；宁愿 prefer sth./doing sth. prefer (sb.)to do sth. prefer (doing)A to (doing)B prefer to do A rather than do B ①I much prefer dogs to cats. 和猫比起来我更喜欢狗。 ②I would prefer not to go out today. 我今天宁愿不出去。

③I would prefer playing outdoors to watching(watch)TV. 我宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。

④He prefers to go(go)to the movies rather than stay at home. 他宁愿去看电影而不愿待在家里。 (2)rather than 而不是 (1)常用句型 prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.would do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做……而,不愿做…… would rather do sth.than do sth.(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。 ⑤If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining.

如果你是他们中的一员，我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做，而不是抱怨。

更喜欢做某事 宁愿(某人)做某事 宁愿(做)A而不愿(做)B 宁愿做A而不愿做B ⑥She preferred to stay(stay)at home rather than go shopping with him. 她宁愿待在家里，而不愿与他去购物。

⑦Mary，rather than you，is(be)to blame for not finishing the work on time. 是玛丽而不是你应为没有按时完成工作而受责备。 balanced adj.均衡的；平衡的 (教材P28)have a healthy and balanced diet 有一个健康均衡的饮食 (1)balanced diet (2)balance n. vt. keep one's balance lose one's balance on balance 均衡饮食 平衡；天平 权衡；(使) 平衡 保持平衡 失去平衡 总的来说 ①Jane lost her balance on the slipping ground and fell over. 地上很滑，简一下子失去了平衡，跌倒了。

②On balance，we have a good chance of winning the race. 总的来说，我们很有希望赢得比赛。

③The president is planning for a balanced(balance)budget. 总裁正在为平衡预算作策划。

try out for sth.参加选拔；争取成为(团队的一员)

(教材P30)Paul had to try out many times just for making the team. 保罗多次参加选拔，想要入选球队。 try out try for try sth.on try one's best try one's luck 试用，试验 试图获得或赢得某物 试穿衣物 尽力 试试运气 ①Alison's trying for a job as a research assistant. 阿莉森正在争取一份研究助理的工作。

②We should try our best to attend(attend)on our parents，and make them happy in their later years.

我们应当尽力照顾好我们的父母并使他们晚年幸福。

③It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team. 这件事始于当一位老师建议我参加篮球队员的选拔的时候。 replacement n．替换的人/物

(教材P30)He was still usually on the bench，being just a replacement，which was really tough on him.

然而，他仍旧通常“坐板凳”作为替补队员，这让他感到很痛苦。 replace vt. replace...by/with... 取代；替换 以……代替/替换 ①I am going to replace my battered car with a new one. 我打算买辆新车来取代我那辆破车。

②We need a replacement(replace)for the secretary who left. 我们需要一个人代替已离职的秘书。 [名师点津]

in place of＝in one's place；take the place of＝take one's 表示“代替”的短语还有：place。

desire n．愿望，欲望，渴望 v．渴望，期望

(教材P30)Everyone knew Paul had real skills，and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team.

每个人都知道保罗有着真正的技术，他是一个非常努力的人，并且很渴望为球队打球。

(1)a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物 have a desire to do/that... (2)desire to do sth. desire sb.to do sth. 有……的欲望/愿望 渴望做某事 想让某人做某事 desire that sb.(should＋)动词原形 希望/要求某人做…… she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. ①Even so，尽管如此，她的勇气和渴望成功的强烈愿望给世人留下了深刻的印象。 ②The fans of Li Youbin desired that they (should)watch(watch)his next movie soon.

李幼斌的影迷非常渴望观看他的下一部影片。 ③He desires me to go(go)abroad for further education. ＝He desires that I (should) go(go) abroad for further education. 他希望我能出国深造。

let sb.down 使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望) (教材P31)I won't let you down! 我不会让你失望的。 let alone let down let go (of) let off let out 更不用说 放下，降低，使失望 放开，松手 宽恕，免除 放掉，发出 ①We fear no death，let alone difficulties. 我们死都不怕，何况困难？

②Because he was a Christian，the judge let him off. 由于他是徒，法官便对他从轻发落。 ③When she saw him，she let out a cry of horror. 她看见他时吓得大叫一声。

pay off 取得成功；奏效；还清(债务)；有回报

(教材P31)And clearly，all the extra hours that he'd spent practising alone paid off. 很显然，他独自一人训练花的额外时间得到了回报。

写出下列句中pay off的含义

①It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.还清

②Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.得到回报

③Did your daring plan pay off? 取得成功 pay back 偿还，归还；报答；回报；报复 pay for pay up 付……的钱，受……的报应 (把应支付的钱)缴清，付清 ④All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam. 所有那几周的学习都会在考试的时候见成效。

⑤You'll have to pay off your old loan before being allowed a new one. 你必须还清旧债，才能重新贷款。

⑥If you don't work now，you'll pay for it later when you fail your exams. 你现在不好好学，到考试不及格时就得为此而付出代价。 keep up with 跟上，保持同步

(教材P31)The other team just couldn't keep up with his energy and speed. 另一支球队无法跟上他的精力和速度。 keep at sth. keep sb.from doing sth. keep back keep off keep out of keep up ①He kept at the job until finished. 他坚持把工作干完。

坚持做某事 阻止某人做某事 忍住，隐瞒；抑制 避开，防止，挡住 使不进入…… 保持，继续 ②The rain kept us from going(go)out. 下雨使我们没法出去。

③She couldn't keep back her tears. 她忍不住哭了。

④I hope the fine weather will keep up. 我希望好天气会保持下去。 crowd n．人群；群众

(教材P31)He made shot after shot，and the crowd couldn't stop clapping and cheering.

他一个接一个的投篮，人群忍不住鼓掌欢呼。 (1)a crowd of 一群，一伙

(2)crowd v. crowd in crowd out (3)crowded adj. be crowded with 挤满；涌入 挤进 挤出；推开 拥挤的 挤满了…… ①I was nearly pushed over by a crowd of children. 我差点被一群孩子们推倒。

②Many football fans crowded in when the gate was opened. 大门打开后，许多足球迷都涌了进来。

③Shops were crowded with customers looking over the colourful displays. 商店里挤满了在观看陈列的丰富多采商品的顾客。 hit sb.on the shoulder 打在某人肩上

(教材P31)“Well，” said the Coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder，“you've just earned your place on the team，big guy！”

“好，”教练一边拍了下保罗的肩膀一边说，“你为自己赢得了在球队中的地位，‘大个子’！”

“hit/beat/strike/pat/touch＋ sb.＋ on/in ＋ the ＋身体部位”这样的结构其中shoulder，back的定冠词不可用物主代词代替，如果打在坚硬结实的部位如head，等，前面常用介词on；如果打在柔软多肉的部位如leg，eye，face等，前面常用介词in。 ①As I turned around，I accidentally hit him in the face. 我转身时不经意撞了他的脸。

②The stone struck me on the side of the head. 石子打中了我头部的侧面。

(教材P30)Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more.

保罗知道自己比其他球员矮意味着他需要多加练习。

【要点提炼】 本句that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中being shorter than other players作主语。

(1)动名词直接位于句首作主语。 (2)用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。动名词作主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile等。 ①Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 大声朗读对我们学一门外语非常重要。 ②It was a waste of time reading(read)that book. 读那本书是浪费时间。

(教材P31)I don't think I can play anymore，Coach. 教练，我认为我不能再打了。

【要点提炼】 本句中I don't think是否定前置，是指如果带有否定的宾语从句，宾语从句中的否定词通常提前，用来否定主句的谓语动词。

(1)当主句谓语动词是think，believe，feel，guess，expect，suppose，imagine等表示“观点、信念、推测、臆测”等心理活动时，常常使用这种结构。 (2)这种结构的反义疑问句主语和谓语动词必须与宾语从句中的主语和谓语动词保持一致。 ①I don't think he is a good swimmer，is he? 我认为他不是个好的游泳选手，难道不是吗？ ②I don't think you are right. 我想你不对。 [名师点津]

(1)当主语为第一人称I，we时，通常反问的是从句；而当主语不是第一人称时，则反问主句。

(2)若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

重点词汇

cheer up (使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来 (教材P36)to cheer one up 使某人高兴起来

(1)cheer sb.on (2)cheering adj. cheerful adj. cheerfully adv. 以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油 令某人高兴的 快乐的，高兴的 欢快地；愉悦地 ①A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on. 1 000名支持者挤进体育馆里为他们加油。

②Accompanied by cheerful(cheer)music，we began to dance. 我们伴随着欢乐的乐曲跳起舞来。

③Debbie greeted her cheerfully(cheer)，and they got down to business. 黛比愉快的跟她打了个招呼，便开始谈正事了。 be fed up with 厌烦的，不满的，无法再忍受的

(教材P36)I'm a bit fed up with getting sick all the time.我一直有点厌烦生病。 fed up feed...on/with... feed on... feed up... feed...to... 不愉快的；厌烦的 用……喂养…… 以……为主食；以……当饲料 给……吃营养食物；养肥；使吃饱 把……喂给…… ①After working in the business world for a while，Low got fed up. 在生意界工作了一段时间后，Low厌烦了。 ②Bats fly at night and feed on insects and fruit. 蝙蝠在夜间飞行，以昆虫和水果为食物。 ③I'm really fed up with this constant rain. 我真的对这连绵不断的雨烦透了。 benefit n．好处，益处

(教材P37)As people often say，any exercise is better than none，but long-distance running in particular，has a lot of benefits.

正如人们常说的，任何运动都比没有运动好，但长跑尤其有好处。 (1)be of benefit(to)．.. for the benefit of... (对……)有益的 为了……的利益 (2)benefit vi. benefit from... (3)beneficial adj. be beneficial(to...) 有益于；受益于 从……中受益 有益的 (对……)有益的 ①Without specific information，it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices.

没有特定的信息，很难评估做出不同决定的代价或好处。 ②We benefited greatly from this frank talk. 这次坦率的谈话使我们获益匪浅。 ③Sunshine is beneficial(benefit)to health. 阳光对健康有益。 [语境助记]

I suggest you give up smoking for the benefit of your health.I believe that giving up smoking will be of benefit/be beneficial to you and it will also benefit your family a lot.In other words，your family will benefit from your stopping smoking.Especially heavy smokers will find the experience even more beneficial to them.

equipment n．设备，装备

(教材P37)It is a great sport for beginners－you do not need a gym membership or any special equipment.

对于初学者来说，这是一项伟大的运动，你不需要健身房会员或任何特殊设备。

equip vt. equip sb./sth.to do sth. equip sb./sth.with sth. equip for... be equipped with 装备，配备 使某人/某物具备条件做某事 用某物装备某人/某物 为……做准备 配备有……(表示状态) ①They are equipping themselves for a journey. 他们在为旅行准备行装。

②Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam. 请自备一支铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。

③Owners of restaurants would have to equip them to admit(admit)disabled people. 餐厅老板将必须在餐厅里配备能够接纳残疾人的设施。 [名师点津]

equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式，表示数量时，用piece修饰，a piece of equipment表示“一件设备”。

prevent vt.预防；阻止，阻挡

(教材P37)Running will help you get fit and prevent diseases. 跑步会帮你变得健康和预防疾病。 prevent sth. 阻止某事 prevent sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 ①Although the causes of cancer are being uncovered，we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.

虽然癌症的病因正被逐步揭开，但我们尚未有任何切实可行的办法来预防它。②He said this would prevent companies from creating(create)new jobs. 他说这将使公司无法创造新的工作机会。 [名师点津]

keep sb.from doing sth.；stop sb.from doing 表示“阻止某人做某事”的短语还有：

sth.。其中keep sb.from doing sth.中的from不可以省略，其他两个短语中的from可以省略；在被动语态中from都不能省略。

relief n．减轻，缓解

(教材P37)Even a thirty-minute run will provide relief from any aches or tension that you may be suffering due to stress.

即使是三十分钟的跑步也能缓解你因压力而遭受的任何疼痛或紧张。 to one's relief give sb.relief from pain for the relief of... breathe a sigh of relief relieve sb.of... 使某人放心的是 使某人减轻痛苦 为了救济…… 舒了一口气…… 解除某人的负担(痛苦) ①Behind me I could hear other girls sigh in relief. 我能听到身后其他几个女孩都如释重负地松了口气。

②He watched with relief as the girl nodded. 女孩点头时他欣慰地看着。

③It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。

④He offered to relieve(relief)me of that heavy parcel. 他愿意帮我拿那件沉重的包裹。 make sure 确保

(教材P38)Make sure you are running the right amount that your heart，muscles and bones can take without getting hurt.

确保你跑的量正好合适，你的心脏、肌肉和骨骼能够承受而不受伤害。 (1)make sure后面接的成分可以是of/about sth.或that从句， 但一般不跟不定式。(2)be sure of/about 确信…… be sure that... be sure to do... for sure 确信…… 务必/一定/必定做 肯定，确切地 ①We can't make sure of your safety if you act without permission. 如果你擅自行动，我们不能确保你的安全。

②Make sure that the windows are shut when leaving home. 出门时务必关上窗户。

③Be sure to come(come)to my birthday party if you have time. 如果你有时间，一定来参加我的生日聚会。 satisfaction n．满意；满足

(教材P38)Nothing gives one more satisfaction than realising that all the sweat and hard work was worth it in the end.

没有什么比意识到所有的汗水和辛勤工作最终是值得的更令人满意。 (1)to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是 find/feel satisfaction in/at... 对……感到满意 take satisfaction in... with satisfaction be far from satisfaction 对……感到满足；乐于…… 满意地 令人很不满意 (2)satisfy vt. satisfied adj. be satisfied with ①She smiled with satisfaction. 她满意地笑了。

使满意；使高兴 满足的；满意的 对……感到满意 ②To our satisfaction(satisfy)，the problems were solved. 令我们满意的是，这些问题得到了解决。

③She was satisfied(satisfy)with the outcome of her efforts. 她对自己努力的结果很满意。 remind vt.使(某人)想起，提醒

(教材P102)Audiences are reminded to turn off the phones or put them on silent. 观众们请注意，请关闭手机或调成静音。 remind sb. remind sb.to do sth. remind sb.of sb./sth. remind sb.that... 提醒某人 提醒某人做…… 使某人想起…… 提醒某人…… ①He reminded me in time just as I would make the same mistake again. 他就在我差一点犯同样的错误时，及时提醒了我。

②The teacher reminded us to pay(pay)attention to the pronunciation of the new word.

老师提醒我们要注意这个生词的发音。 ③The earrings remind me of my grandma. 这对耳环使我想起了我的奶奶。

④Please remind me that I should bring him a present for his birthday. 请提醒我给他带生日礼物。 in case 以防万一

(教材P102)The gloves and mouth guards also help，in case anything happens. 以防万一发生什么事，手套和护口器都有帮助。

in case (that) 以防，万一(引导目的状语从句)；如果，假使(引导条件状语从句)

in case of... in no case in this/that case in any case 假如发生……；万一发生…… 决不，在任何情况下都不(用于句首 时句子要用部分倒装) 假使这样/那样的话 无论如何，总之 ①In no case will he turn against his country. 他决不会背叛自己的国家。 ②In case of fire，ring the alarm bell. 万一失火的话，请按警铃。 ③We'll finish the task in any case. 我们无论如何也要完成任务。 amazingly adv.惊人地，了不起的

(教材P103)The team really come together tonight and played amazingly. 团队今晚确实很团结，比赛很惊人。 (1)amazed adj. be amazed at/by be amazed to do be amazed that (2)amazing adj. (3)amazement n. to one's amazement 感到惊讶的；惊人的 对……感到惊讶，被……吓一跳 做……感到很惊讶 惊讶…… 令人惊讶的 吃惊，惊异 令某人吃惊的是 ①You will be amazed at the progress we have made. 你将会对我们的进展感到惊讶。

②Many are amazed that Lunar New Year's Eve is not an official holiday now. 许多为吃惊，农历新年除夕现在不再是法定假日了。 ③To my amazement(amaze)，he came first. 使我吃惊的是，他居然第一个到。

(教材P36)My friend suggested I should try long-distance running.

我朋友建议我应该试一下长跑。

【要点提炼】 本句中should try是虚拟语气，suggest后面跟从句，从句谓语用should do形式，should可以省略。

在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类 动词有人归纳为“一个坚持insist、两个命令order， command、三个建议advise，suggest， propose、四个要求demand， require， request， ask”，这类虚拟语气由“should＋动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。 ①He insisted that I (should)go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。

②He ordered that it (should)be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。

③The doctor advised/suggested that he (should)not smoke. 医生建议他不要抽烟。

④He requires that I (should)appear. 他要求我出场。 [名师点津]

(1)动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。

(2)动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。

(教材P39)It's never too late to start getting into running and exercising... 开始跑步和锻炼永远不会太迟……

【要点提炼】 句中的never too late to...表示“永远不会太迟”， too前有否定词never或not(即never/not too...to...)，或者不定式前有not(即too...not to do...)时，这两种形式均表示肯定意义。

(1)too...to...结构，意为“太……而不能……”，too后面跟形容词(或副词)，但当其后接形容词修饰单数可数名词时，要把不定冠词a(n)放在形容词之后。 (2)too...to...句式中，若too后接glad，pleased，happy，eager，anxious，willing，ready，easy等表示心情、情绪等的形容词，表示肯定意义，too相当于very。 ①He is too weak to carry the box. ＝He isn't strong enough to carry the box. ＝He is so weak that he can't carry the box. 他太弱了，搬不动这个箱子。

②It was too hot a day for us to work(work)． 天太热了，我们不能干活。

③They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave(leave)． 他们看起来非常紧张，并且急于离开。

重点词汇

sight n．视野；视力；景象；名胜(复数)

(教材P40)Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight.

埃斯特班骑自行车的时间已经很长了，而且终点线就在眼前。 within/in sight out of sight at the sight of... at first sight lose one's sight lose sight of catch sight of come into sight 看得见 看不见 一看见…… 乍一看；第一眼 失明 看不见；忽略 看见 看见 ①It was very quiet all around with nobody in sight. 周遭静悄悄的，不见一个人。

②He turned to look back，but by then she was out of sight. 他转头看去，但那时她已经不见了。

③In the street I caught sight of an old friend whom I had not seen for years. 在大街上无意中瞥见了一位多年不见的老友。

catch up with 追上；赶上

(教材P40)Just a few seconds later，fourth-placed Navarro caught up with him. 几秒后第4位的纳瓦罗赶上了他。 catch on catch on to catch hold of catch sight of catch one's eyes 学会；流行；开始明白 理解…… 抓住 看见 引起某人注意 ①After a few days on the job，you'll catch on to what you're doing. 工作几天后，你就会对你的工作内容有所了解了。

②Catch hold of every opportunity and you will succeed in getting what you want. 抓住每次机会，那么你就有可能成功地获得你想要的东西。

③There is one particular blue flower that has always caught(catch) my eyes. 有一种独特的蓝色小花总能吸引我的目光。 response n．回答；反应

(教材P40)However，Navarro refused，and his response was: “Offering me the prize was worth more than what I did for him.”

然而，纳瓦罗拒绝了，他的回答是：“给我奖品比我为他做的值钱。” (1)in response to 作为对……的回应/回答 give/make no response to... (2)respond to... respond that... 对……不予回答/回应 对……做出回答；做出反应；响应 回答…… ①The iPhone X was developed in response to customers' demands. 为了满足顾客的需要，开发了苹果X手机。 ②She responded to my letter with a phone call. 她收到我的信，给我回了一个电话。 take advantage of利用

(教材P40)The two cyclists made amazing sporting gestures－Navarro for refusing to take advantage of Esteban's troubles，and Esteban for offering Navarro his medal.

两位自行车手表现出了高度的体育精神——纳瓦罗拒绝利用埃斯特班碰到的

麻烦，埃斯特班主动给纳瓦罗奖牌。

take (full)advantage of (充分)利用 to one's advantage＝to the advantage of sb. be of advantage to 对某人有利 对……有利 gain/win/have an (the)advantage over be at an advantage 胜过，优于 有利的，占优势 ①He always takes full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals. 他总是充分利用对手的失误。

②It would be to your advantage to prepare questions in advance. 事先把问题准备好肯定会对你有利。

known rivals－they were cheaper. ③They had a major advantage over their better-他们和对手相比有个明显的优势——产品更便宜。 on the other hand另一方面……

(教材P43)On the other hand，hard styles of kung fu teach you to defend yourself by hitting or kicking your attacker.

另一方面，硬派风格的功夫教你通过打击或踢你的攻击者来保卫自己。 on the one hand...on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面…… 一则……再则…… for one thing...for another(thing)．.. one...the other... some...others... 一个……另一个…… 一些……另一些…… ①On (the)one hand I want to sell the house，but on the other hand I can't bear the thought of moving.

一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不愿搬家。

②I didn't buy that car.For one thing，I didn't like its colour，for another thing，I didn't have enough money.

我没有买那辆车。一方面，我不喜欢它的颜色，另一方面，我没有那么多钱。 used to过去常常

(教材P43)The Chinese migrants used to gather in a park to enjoy cultural activities－one of which was kung fu.中国移民过去常常聚集在公园里享受文化活动，其中之一就是功夫。

get/be used to(doing)sth. 习惯于(做)某事 be used to do sth./for(doing)sth. be used as... used to do sth. 被用来做某事 作为……来使用 过去常常做某事 ①I found the job tiring at first but I soon got used to it. 起初我觉得这份工作很累人，但很快就习惯了．

②I wasn't used to city life，but now I have got used to living(live)in this city. 我以前不习惯都市生活，但现在我已习惯于住在这座城市了。

③Single scratch experiment model was used to give(give)a good explanation. 利用单划痕模型对其做了较好的解释。 [语境助记]

When he was young，he used to go there on foot.Now he has got used to going there by bike，though his bike is used to pick up his grandson sometimes.

当他年轻的时候，他常步行去那儿。现在他的自行车虽然有时用来接他孙子，但他已习惯了骑自行车去那儿。

adopt vt.采用；收养，领养；正式批准，接受

(教材P43)They adopted a training methodology from a Chinese military manual called Ji Xiao Xin Shu，written by the famed Chinese general，Qi Jiguang，who had himself defeated Japanese pirates.

他们采用了中国著名军 事将领戚继光写的训练方法，称为《纪效新书》，他自己打败了日本海盗。

adopted adj. adoptable adj. adoption n. 被收养的；被采用的 可收养的，可采用的 采用，采纳；收养 ①Before I was two，I was adopted by an Anglo couple. 两岁之前，我被一对盎格鲁夫妇收养。

②The new policy is expected to be adopted at the next meeting.

这项新有望在下一次会议上被正式采纳。 ③Danny is their adopted(adopt)son. 丹尼是他们的养子。

work out锻炼身体，做运动；计算出；制定出；被证明有效/切实可行；进展

(教材P45)Spin classes are a safe and effective way to work out... 动感单车是一种安全有效的锻炼方式……

写出下列句中work out的含义

①He works out with weights twice a week. 锻炼，健身 ②The situation worked out quite well.结果是 ③I can't work out this problem.解决(问题)

④We have to work out how much food we'll need for the party. 计算出(数量、价格、答案等)

work at work for work off work on work over work with 从事；致力于，钻研 为……工作，为……做事 除去；解除 继续工作；影响；从事 检查；研究 与……共事，与……合作 ⑤I have had to work for every single penny I earned. 我挣的每一便士都是辛苦工作得来的。 ⑥I spent some time (in)working over these books. 我花了一些时间去好好研究这些书籍。

(教材P40)Navarro had let Esteban finish in third place，while he came fourth.

纳瓦罗让埃斯特班名列第三，而他却名列第四。 【要点提炼】 句中的while是转折连词，表示“然而”。

(1)while 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。后跟延续性动词。 (2)while 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然……，但却……”。

①He took a bath while I was preparing dinner. 我准备晚餐的时候，他在洗澡。

②While I understand your viewpoint，I don't agree with you. 虽然我了解你的见解，我还是不能同意(你)。

(教材P43)Or if he tries to kick you，you can move away so that he loses his balance.

或者如果他想踢你，你可以离开，这样他就失去平衡了。

【要点提炼】 so that意为“目的是，为了”，相当于in order that。so that 既可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从句，意为“结果是，以至于”。

so/such...that...“如此……以致……”引导的结果状语从句： ①George had so little money that he had to get a job. 乔治几乎没有钱，所以他不得不找工作。

②It was such a bad accident that several people got injured. 事故很严重，好几个人受了伤。

③They are such interesting books that we all want to read them. 这些书很有趣，我们都想读一读。

Unit 3 Celebrations

重点词汇

occasion n．重要的社交活动；时刻；时候

(1)on one occasion on that occasion on occasion (2)occasional adj. occasionally adv. 有一次 那时；在那种情况下 偶尔 偶尔的；不经常的；特殊场合的 偶然地；偶尔；有时 ①On one occasion，she called me in the middle of the night. 有一次，她半夜给我打电话。

②He has been known on occasion to lose his temper. 大家都知道他有时会发脾气。

③He managed to remain cool by swimming occasionally(occasion)． 他不时地游泳来使自己保持凉快。 [名师点津]

当occasion后接定语从句时，其引导词要依据occasion的含义及在从句中所作的成分来确定。当occasion作先行词，其含义为“场合；庆典”时，应将它看作充当从句中的地点状语，用where来引导；当表示“机会；时刻”时，应将它看作充当从句中的时间状语，用when来引导。

congratulation n． (1)congratulation n． congratulations(to sb.)on sth. (2)congratulate sb.on sth. congratulate oneself on(doing)sth. 庆幸自己(做)某事 恭喜；祝贺

祝贺，恭贺(常用复数形式) 祝贺(某人)某事 祝贺某人某事 ①He congratulated himself on having survived the air crash. 他庆幸自己在中幸免于难。

②We congratulated him on having passed(pass)the examination. 我们祝贺他通过了考试。

③I send you my warmest congratulations(congratulate)on your success. 我对你的成功致以最热烈的祝贺。 come to an end 结束

(教材P51)Amid the boom of firecrackers a year has come to an end，and the spring

wind has wafted warm breath to the wine.

爆竹声中一岁除，东风送暖入屠苏。 bring an end to sth.＝bring sth.to an end put an end to sth. come to an end in the end end in end up with 使……结束 结束，消除 结束 最终，终于 以……告终，最后的结果是…… 以……结束 ①When will we bring an end to the war between the USA and Iraq? 我们何时才能使美伊战争结束？ ②The exploration ended in failure. 这次探险活动以失败告终。

③The discussion finally came to an end. 讨论终于结束了。

put up修建；举起；提供膳宿；张贴 (教材P52)to put up decorations 搭建装饰品

写出下列句中put up的含义

①They're putting up several new office blocks in the centre of town.建造 ②The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.张贴 ③If you have any questions，put up your hands.举起

④They agreed to put two foreign students up over the summer.提供食宿 put up with put off put down put away put on 容忍，忍受 推迟，延期 写下，记下；放下 把……收拾起来；把钱、物等储存 起来 穿上；打开；增加(体重等)；假装； 采纳 ⑤I have to put up with my cat's fur all over the house. 我必须要忍受我的猫在我的房子里掉了满地的猫毛。 ⑥Just because of the rain，the sports meet was put off. 都是下雨，运动会才延期的。

⑦I only put away the things that might prove to be a danger to a child. 我只是把可能对孩子造成危险的东西收了起来。 account vt.认为是，视为

n．描述，报道；(银行)账户；账目；解释，说明 (教材P52)Read the three readers' accounts. 读三位读者的描述。 (1)account for (2)on account of on any account on no account 说明(原因等)；做出解释； 占……(比例) 由于，因为 无论如何 绝不 take account of/take...into account＝take...into consideration 考虑…… ①You should take these facts into account. ＝These facts should be taken into account. 你应将这些事实加以考虑。

②How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework? 你如何解释作业中出现了这么多错误？ [名师点津]

on no account置于句首时，句子部分倒装。 attach vt.贴；固定；附上

(教材P52)Next，the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.

接着，汉字“福”被倒着贴在门上。 (1)attach sth.to... 把某物连接到/固定在/附在……上 attach importance/significance to... 重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值 (2)attached 附属于；为……工作；依恋；爱慕 be attached to... an attached school 被连接到……；爱慕…… 附属学校 ①Attach a recent photograph to your application form before handing it in. 申请表上请贴一张近照再上交。

②I attach great significance to the summit meeting. 我认为这次峰会会议具有重要意义。

③This hospital is attached(attach)to Hefei Medical University nearby. 这个医院附属于附近的合肥医科大学。 let off 使某物爆炸

(教材P52)Fireworks were being let off across the city. 烟花在城市上空燃放。 let out let sb.down let in let alone let...alone ①I'm afraid she let us down badly. 很遗憾，她让我们大失所望。 ②The boys were letting off fireworks. 那些男孩在放烟花。

③With each bump of the airplane he would let out a giggle of delight. 飞机的每一次颠簸都让他发出咯咯的笑声。 scare sb./sth.away把……吓跑

(教材P52)Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian. 陈女士说这是为了吓走“年”兽。

(1)scared adj. 惊恐的，担惊受怕的 放出；泄露 使某人失望 让……进来，放进 更不用说，更谈不上 不打扰，不惊动 of doing... 不敢做……be scaredto do... 害怕做……that... 害怕be scared to death 吓得要命 (2)scare vt. 使某人受惊；惊吓 n. scare sb.away/off scare sb.into doing sth. 恐慌；惊恐 把某人吓跑/吓退 恐吓某人做某事 ①She tries to scare the child into behaving well. 她试图恐吓那孩子让其守规矩。

②She was scared to death(die)to wait for the result of her entrance examination in the middle of June.

在六月中旬，她非常害怕地等着入学考试成绩。 ③The little girl was scared to go(go)out alone in the evening. 晚上小女孩不敢独自外出。 [语境助记]

The little girl is scared of going across the bridge because she is scared to fall into the river.

surround vt.环绕；围绕

(教材P53)Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents－and I know that I am heading home to my family.

每年，一坐上火车，就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了与回家的路。 (1)surround sb./sth.with... be surrounded by/with... surround＋反身代词＋with... (2)surrounding adj. surroundings n. 使……包围某人/某物 被……包围/环绕 喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有 (某类东西) 周围的，附近的 周围的事物；环境；气氛 ①People say it is Canada's most beautiful city，surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.

人们说它是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环抱。 ②He loves to surround himself with his family and friends. 他喜欢与家人和朋友在一起。

③I'd like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings(surround)．

我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。

(教材P53)I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival，as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.

通常春节前数周我就开始计划回山西的旅程，因为要尽早订火车票或飞机票。【要点提炼】 句中的as作连词，表示原因。意为“因为”。 (1)as作为从属连词，可以引导下列从句 a．“一面……一面……”、“随着……”，时间状语从句，意为“正当……的时候”、从句可放主句之前或主句之后。 b．引导方式状语从句，意为“如同”、“按照……的方式、样子、办法”。as从句总跟在主句之后。 c．as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，多在主句之前，且多用倒装。(应将从句主要成分的形容词、副词、原形动词、不加冠词的单数名词置于as前面)。 d．as引导比较状语从句，意为“和……一样/不一样”。表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词(意为“那么”“如此”)，第二个as为连词(引导的比较状语从句常常用省略)。其基本结构为：as＋adj./adv.＋as。 (2)as作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，既可以单独使用，也可以与其他词连用，其用法要比that和which更为复杂，而且as在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语，可以指人也可指物。 (3)as作为介词的用法：表示“好像，作为，当作”。 ①As he walked on，he felt himself getting more and more tired. 随着他继续走，他感到他越来越劳累。 ②Difficult as it is，we should not give it up. 尽管很难，我们不应该放弃。 ③This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。

(教材P53)Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents－and I know that I am heading home to my family.

每年一坐上火车，就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了与回家的路。 【要点提炼】 句中the moment I get on the train是the moment引导的时间状

语从句，the moment表示“一……就”。

表示“一……就”的形式还有： 1the minute/second/instant 2immediately/directly/instantly 3hardly...when...；no sooner...than... 4as soon as... 5on＋n./doing... ①I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。

②No sooner had he arrived than he fell sick. 他刚抵达就病倒了。

③They were presented with flowers on arrival/arriving(arrive)at the airport. 在他们到达机场时，向他们献了花。

重点词汇

in general 普遍地；大体上，一般来说

(教材P56)What are the rules for attending parties in general? 一般参加聚会的规则是什么？

(1)in general＝generally＝generally speaking (2)in short in brief in public in vain 总之；简而言之 简单地说 当众 徒劳 ①Generally speaking，everyone has a sense of shame. 一般来说，每个人都有羞耻心。

②In brief，I have made up my mind to quit job. 简单地说，我已经决定辞职了。

③In short，I am interested in all of the sports. 简而言之，我对一切运动都感兴趣。 patience n．耐心；耐力

(教材P58)Granny had the patience to sing it over and over. 奶奶有耐心地一遍遍地唱。

(1)with patience＝patiently 耐心地 (2)patient adj. be patient with sb./sth. 耐心的n.病人 对某人/某事有耐心 ①He sat patiently waiting for his turn. ＝He sat with patience waiting for his turn. 他耐心地坐着等候轮到自己。

②As a journalist，you should be more patient with others. 作为一名新闻记者，你应该对别人更耐心点。 [语境助记]

Miss Li is a patient nurse.She always takes care of her patients with great patience.

李小姐是一位有耐心的护士。她总是对待病人很耐心。 behaviour n．行为；举止

(教材P59)I was on my best behaviour as we opened the presents. 当我们打开礼物时，我表现得非常好。 (1)good/bad behaviour (2)behave vt.&vi. behave well/badly (towards) behave oneself 良好/恶劣行为 表现，举止；守规矩；举止适当有礼 (对……)表现好/不好 表现得体，有礼貌 ①The teacher behaved well towards his students，all of whom liked him very much.

那位老师对学生很好，所有的学生都很喜欢他。

②He was dismissed from school for his bad behaviour(behave)． 他因行为不端被学校除名。

③Tom，behave yourself(you)! Did you forget the school rules? 汤姆，放规矩点！你忘了校规吗？ whisper vi.&vt.低声说，低语

(教材P59)“I have something special for you，” Granny whispered.

“我有一些特别的东西给你，”奶奶低声说。 whisper to sb. in a whisper ＝in whispers It is/was whispered that... 与某人耳语 低语 有传言说…… ①She whispered to me that his temperature was right up. 她低声对我说他的体温升高了。

②He said it in a whisper，so I couldn't hear. 他说那件事的声音太小了，我听不见。 ③It is whispered that Jim and Mary are to separate. 据小道消息，吉姆和玛丽要分手了。

catch one's eye 吸引某人的注意；遇到某人的目光 (教材P59)I remember catching her eye through the window. 我记得通过窗户遇到她的目光。 have an eye for turn a blind eye keep an eye on 对……有鉴别能力 对……故意视而不见；对……假装不见 照看；留意；密切注视 ①You have an eye for beauty and a fine sense of balance and rhythm. 你有一双发现美的眼睛，对于平衡与旋律也很有感觉。 ②I can't turn a blind eye when someone is being robbed. 当有人遭到抢劫时，我不能视而不见。 ③I'll keep an eye on the matter. 这事儿我在心就是了。 pass away 去世

(教材P59)A few weeks after that Christmas，Granny passed away. 那个圣诞节后几周，奶奶去世了。 pass by pass down pass on (to sb.) 通过，从旁边经过 传下来，流传，使世代相传，一代一 代传下去 转交给(某人)，传给(某人) pass out pass through 失去知觉，昏厥 穿过，越过 ①He kept walking and passed by me on his side of the street. 他一直在街对面走着，并与街这边的我交错而过。 ②This custom has been passed down since the 18th century. 这个风俗从18世纪就沿袭下来。 as far as 就……而言；远到

(教材P104)As far as I know，young people in the UK like to go to parties. 据我所知，在英国，年轻人喜欢参加聚会。 as long as as soon as as well as 和……一样长；只要 一……就 和……一样好；和，同 ①We walked as far as the railroad station. 我们走到火车站那样远的地方。

②As long as you don't betray me，I'll do whatever you ask me to (do)． 只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。

③Obviously he is interested in music as well as (in)painting. 显然他对音乐和绘画都有兴趣。 effort n．努力；力气

(教材P105)It's also important to make an effort to talk to other people. 尽力去跟其他人交谈也是重要的。 make an effort 尽力 make an effort to do sth. spare no efforts to do sth. with(an)effort without effort 努力做某事 不遗余力去做某事 艰难地 轻而易举地 ①He is strong enough to lift the heavy box without effort. 他身体很强壮，可以轻易地提起那个重箱子。

②We will spare no effort to prevent(prevent)them from taking this step.

我们会不遗余力地阻止他们采取这一步骤。 ③I'll make no effort to help such a person. 我不会努力去帮助这样的人。

represent vt.象征；代表；表现；描绘

(教材P105)I would like to represent all the students of Grade Three and say a few words.

我很乐意代表三年级的所有学生说几句话。 (1)represent...as... represent sb.to be/as represent sth.to sb. (2)representative n. adj. 把……描绘成…… 宣称某人为/是…… 向某人说明某事，向某人传达某事 代表；代表他人者 典型的，有代表性的 ①This kind of medical treatment represents a significant advance in the field of cancer research.

这种医疗方法代表癌症研究领域一项重要的进步。 ②He represented himself as a philosopher. 他声称自己是个哲学家。

③I couldn't be present myself，but I sent my representative(represent)to the meeting.

我本人不能亲自出席，可我派了代表参加会议。

(教材P59)We put on silly paper hats and had a big turkey with potatoes，followed by Christmas pudding.

我们戴上傻傻的纸帽子，吃配有土豆的大火鸡，还有圣诞布丁。

【要点提炼】 句中的followed by Christmas pudding是过去分词短语作定语，修饰前面的a big turkey with potatoes。

(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动和已完成的含义，因此过去分词作定语时表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 (2)不及物动词的过去分词形式作定语不表示被动，只表示该动作已经发生或完成。 使役动词的过去分词作定语表示状态。使役动词(如interest, bore, worry, frighten, surprise等)通常用系表结构表示状态，因此它的过去分词作定语表示的是状态而不是被动含义。它的过去分词大多已转化为形容词。 (3)单个的过去分词作定语通常放在名词前面，过去分词短语作定语，或者过去分词的动词接了介词短语等其他成分一起作定语时必须后置。 ①They might just have a place left on the writing course. 他们的写作课或许还有一个空余的名额。

②A notice was put up in order to remind the students of the changed(change)lecture time.

张贴了一张通告，以提醒学生讲座时间的变化。

③When the delayed(delay)flight will take off depends much on the weather. 被延误的航班什么时候起飞要看天气情况。

④The players selected(select)from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.

从全国选拔出来的运动员将会在这次夏季的比赛中给我们带来荣誉。

重点词汇

description n．描述，描写

(教材P62)AN EVENT DESCRIPTION 一次事件描写 (1)beyond description (2)describe vt. describe...as... 难以描述 描写，描述 把……描述成…… ①The scenery there was beautiful beyond description. 那儿的风景美得难以形容。

②Rabies has been described as one of the most terrifying diseases known to man. 狂犬病被称为人类已知的最可怕的疾病之一。 select vt.挑选，选拔

(教材P62)For weeks I had been working on this，listening to Grandpa's stories，selecting his favourite music，and collecting photos from the family album.

这几周我一直在做这件事，听爷爷的故事，挑选他最爱听的歌曲，在家庭相

册里挑选照片。

(1)select sb.to do sth. select sb./sth.from... select sb.as... (2)selection n. 挑选某人做某事 从……挑选出某人/某物 挑选某人作为…… 挑选，选拔 ①He selected a diamond ring from the supermarket. 他从那家超市挑选了一个钻石戒指。

②We selected him to make(make)a speech on the opening ceremony. 我们选举他在开幕式上致辞。

③This city has been selected as the site for the coming Olympic Games. 这个城市被选为下届奥运会的会址。 in one's seventies 在某人七十多岁时

(教材P62)They were Grandpa's best friends from secondary school，all in their seventies.

他们是爷爷从中学毕业的最好的朋友，都七十多岁了。 in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代 in the early/mid/late 1870s 在19世纪70年代早/中/晚期 ①In his twenties，Charles began to write and soon became famous. 查尔斯二十多岁的时候开始写作，很快就出名了。 ②The tramway fell into disuse in the 1920s. 有轨电车于20 世纪20年代不用了。 calm vi.&vt.(使)平静，(使)镇定 adj.平静的，镇静的，沉着的

(教材P62)Grandpa couldn't believe his eyes and it took quite a long time for them to calm down.

爷爷不敢相信自己的眼睛，他们花了很长时间才冷静下来。 calm down calm...down keep calm 平静下来，镇静下来 使……平静下来 保持镇静 ①The sea calmed down as soon as the wind fell. 风平浪静了。

②I tried to calm him down after hearing the bad news. 我设法让他在听到这个坏消息后能冷静下来。

③When you are in great danger，it's important to keep calm. 当你身处险境时，保持镇静是很重要的。 stand for代表；主张；容忍

(教材P65)The round shape is also a symbol of gathering together，standing for happiness in the new year.

圆形也是一个在一起团聚的象征，代表着新年的幸福。

写出下列句中stand for的含义

①We stand for peace and against war.主张 ②The letters “UN” stand for the United Nations.代表 ③I will not stand for chatting in my class.容忍 stand against stand back stand by stand out 抵抗，反抗，靠在……上，经受住 退后，靠后站 袖手旁观，站在一起，帮助，维持 突出，出色，显著 ④In China，these knots stand for friendship，love and good luck. 在中国，这些结代表着友谊、爱情和好运。

⑤Please remember I'll stand by you whatever happens. 请记住，无论如何，我都会支持你。 ignorant adj.无知的，不知道的

(教材P66)“I know it's very ignorant of me，” Alice said，so humbly that Humpty Dumpty relented.

“我知道这显得我很无知，”爱丽丝谦虚地说，汉普蒂·邓普蒂让步了。 (1)be ignorant of/about (2)ignore vt. ignorance n. 对……不了解；对……无知 忽视；不理睬 无知；不知情 ①They appear to be ignorant of what is going on here. 他们对这里发生的事似乎一点也不知道。

②I feel sure that he is going to ignore (ignore) me tonight. 我确信他今晚会忽略我。

③Nothing is more terrible than ignorance(ignore)in action. 最可怕的事莫过于无知而行动。 after all 毕竟；终究；别忘了

(教材P66)“Is it really？” said Alice，quite pleased to find that she had chosen a good subject，after all.

“真的吗？”爱丽丝说，很高兴地发现她毕竟选择了一个好的课题。 first of all above all not at all 首先；第一 最重要的是；首先 (别人表示谢意时)不客气 ①First of all let me say how glad I am to be here. 首先我要说的是，来到这儿，我是多么的高兴！ ②Hollywood，above all，has the glamour of the past. 最重要的是好莱坞有其昔日的辉煌。 couldn't/can't help doing...禁不住做某事

(教材P67)Alice couldn't help smiling as she took out her notebook，and worked the sum for him.

当爱丽丝拿出笔记本时，她禁不住笑了，并为他算总数。 can't help to do sth.＝can't help do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can't help but do sth.＝have to do sth. 不得不做某事 ①This dictionary can't help learn/to learn the language. 这本辞典不能帮助学习语言。

②And I can't help but suspect that you think so，too. 我不得不怀疑你也这么想吧。

(教材P62)Early in the morning，I woke up excited. 早晨很早的时候，我醒了，很兴奋。

【要点提炼】 句中excited作状语，用来说明主语I的状态。

形容词在句中作状语，其功能在于说明主语的特征或状态。可以作伴随、原因、让步状语。 ①Afraid of being caught，the thief hid himself in the corner. 由于害怕被抓住，这个小偷藏在角落里。(表原因) ②Ripe，these apples are very sweet. 熟了时，这些苹果是很甜的。(表时间) ③The rabbit turned over，dead. 这只兔子翻了个身，死了。(表结果)

④Hopeless(hope)，we watched half a year's food destroyed before us. 我们毫无办法，眼睁睁地看着半年的粮食在我们面前给毁掉了。(表伴随) (教材P66)What a beautiful belt you've got on! 你穿的腰带多么漂亮啊！

【要点提炼】 本句是有what引导的感叹句。 (1)What式感叹句 ①What＋a(n)＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ ②What＋形容词＋复数名词/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ (2)how式感叹句 ①How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！ ②How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ ③How＋主语＋谓语！ ①What an honest girl Mary is! 玛丽是一个多么诚实的小女孩啊！ ②What brave soldiers they are! 这些士兵们真勇敢啊！

③How exciting(excited) a football match it is! 多么振奋人心的一场球赛啊！ ④How fast the dragonfly flies! 蜻蜓飞得真快啊！