Part One 文章开头形式
1-1 对立法 :
先引出其他人不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题. [1]. When asked about..., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say [1]. Never has history got the change of ./. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of ... been more visible/popular than... 历史从未发生过这样大的变化..历史上从未像„„这样明显„„世界上/中国的问题从来没有像今天这样突出。
that ... But I think/view a bit differently. 在谈到...,绝大多数人说...但我觉得/观点有点不同。
[2]. When it comes to ... , some people believe that ... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the former/latter ) 当涉及到...有些人认为...一些人则认为/声称，相反/恰恰相反。两种观点都可能有一些道理，但(我更倾向于前/后者)
[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether...现在，通常/一般/普遍认为/承认，...他们声称/相信/认为...不过，我怀疑...是否... 1-2 现象法
引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 . [1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has caused/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. 最近出现的某一问题/(现象)...已造成/引起公众//举世关注
[2]. Recently the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brought to public attention) 最近，的问题/ ...的现象已成为注意的焦点。 (已经引起公众的注意)
[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.通货膨胀/腐败/社会不公..是我们必须学会再次面对痛苦的现实。 1-3 观点法
----开门见山,直截了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。
[2]. Now people in growing numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/ that... 现在越来越多的人开始认识到.. [3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ... 现在，人们日益认识/认识到有必要...现在，人们越来越认识到„„的重要性...
[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that... 也许现在是重新审视...的态度/想法的时候了。
1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点! [1]. \"Knowledge is power.\" such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people . “知识就是力量。”这是培根的名言。这句话也受到越来越多的人的认可。
\"Education is not complete with graduation.\" Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. “教育并不能随着毕业而终结。”这就是一个伟大的美国哲学家的意见。现在，越来越多的人持有相同的看法。
[2].\"....\" How often we hear such statements/words like those/this . ..\"我们经常听到这样的说法。
In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this \"...\"当今，当听到\"...\"这样传统抱怨时，都已经习以为常了。 1-5 比较法
------ 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点.
[1]. For years, ...has been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ... 多年来，...已被视为...
1
但是，人们现在已经对此有了新的看法。随着...不断的出现，人们... 。
[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new view... 中既有生理因素，也有心理因素... /既有个人因素，也有社会因素。 2-1-2 另一原因
--------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一人们曾经以为... (过去，...)但是，人们现在普遍都有了新的看法。 1-6 故事法
---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.
[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt ... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern. 有一次我在报纸上看到...这种...现象引起人们广泛的关注。
[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he ... ? Such is a dilemma we are often confronted with in our daily life. 我有一个朋友...他是否应该.... ?我们常常在日常生活中遇到这样棘手的问题。
[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now. 从前，有一位男子...这个故事可能是(难以置信)，但它仍然有现实意义 1-7 问题法
----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.
Should/What ... ? Options of ... vary greatly, some ..., others ...But in my opinion , ...应/什么... ?...有很大的争议，有些人...，还有人...但我认为，... 。
Part 2 文章中间主体内容句型
原因结果分析
2-1-1. 基本原因
--- 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.
[1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ... 为什么... ?首先...其次...
[2]. The answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing... For another... Still another ... 对这个问题的答案涉及很多因素。首先...其次...再其次
[3]. A number of factors, both physical and psychological, /both individual and social, contribute to .... 造成这种...有几个因素，其
个次要的或者更重要时用!
[1]. Another important factor is ... 另一个重要因素是...
[2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem ...也要对这种变化/这个问题负责。
[3]. Certainly, the ... is not the sole reason for ... 当然，...不是唯一的原因。 2-1-3 后果影响
--------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 .
[1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on.... 这将会产生深远的影响/冲击
[2]. It involves some serious consequence for ... 它涉及一些...严重的后果 比较对照句型 2-2-1. 两者比较
---> 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 !
[1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than those from B. 从A获得的好处远远大于我们从B获得的好处。
[2]Indeed, A carries much more weight when compared with B. 事实上同B相A的分量大得多。
[3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative as well as positive effects. 毫无疑问，它具有正反两方面的作用。 2-2-2 . 两者相同/相似
------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!
[1]. A and B have several things in common. They are similar in that... A和B有几个相同点。它们在...是相似的。
[2]. A bears some striking resemblance(s) to B. A和B有惊人的相似之处。
Part Three 文章结尾形
式
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3-1 结论性--------- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 . [1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ... 从什么上面已经讨论过，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论......
[2]. In summary,/In a word, /all in all, it is more valuable ... 总之，„„更有价值。 3-2 后果性------ 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.
[1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of ... 我们必须立即采取措施......因为目前的现象„„如果允许其继续发展下去，人们必将付出沉重代价....... [2]. Obviously, if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be put in danger. 显然，如果我们忽略......的问题/对......视而不见，„„将处于危险境地。 3-3 号召性 --------
呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意. [1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of ... 现在是我们要求立即结束这种不良倾向的时候了。 [2]. It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency. 关键的是，应该立即采取有效措施纠正这种倾向。 3-4 建议性
-------- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法. [1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, there are ways...The most popular is ... Another method is ... Still another one is ... 虽然不能一下子解决，但仍然有一些方法。最流行的是...另一种方法是...还有另外一个是...
[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation. 意识到/认
识到这个问题是迈向这个局面的第一步。 3-5 方向性的结尾方式
---- 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的、大体的方向或者指明前景. [1]. Many solutions are being offered here. All of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way. 这里提供了许多方案，它们各有各的道理，但没有一个是尽善尽美的。这个问题应该得到广泛的承认。 [2]. There is no quick method to the issue of ..., but„might be helpful/beneficial. 解决这个问题并没有捷径，但„„可能会有所帮助/有益的。
[3]. The great challenge today is ... There is plenty of difficulty, but ... 今天的巨大挑战是...有许多困难，但... 3--6 意义性的结尾方式
----> 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义!
[1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit...but also benefit...以下这些建议，并不能保证成功，但回报可能是值得努力的。这不仅将造福„„，也有利于„„.
[2]. In any case, one thing is certain that, positive or negative, it will undoubtedly„ 在任何情况下,无论是正面还是负面，有一点可以肯定，它无疑会„„
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