基本句型练习
一 简单句 只含一个主谓结构的句子（有时有并列主语或并列谓语动词）叫做简单句。
二 简单句的基本句型。
英语句子不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构 S十V十P主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语
1. 主语+ 不及物动词 ( S + V ) The time passed quickly.
2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 ( S + V +O ) We have planted a lot of trees in our hometown.
3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 ( S + V + P ) Computers are useful in people’s life.
4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾
语 ( S + V + IO + DO ) He bought me a birthday present.
5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足
语 ( S + V + O + C ) Miss Wang told me not to be discouraged.
6. There be 句型 There was an old man sitting there.
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三 指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。
①I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. ②
In the modern city, there are some problems, such as air
pollution, crowdness and noise.
In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. ④There, the air is fresh
③
and the water is clean. ⑤I can hear birds singing in the green trees. ⑥
I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming
in the lake. ⑦All this will be interesting and good for my health. ⑧
So I want to go to the countryside for a change.
1. ( S + V ) _______________ 2. ( S + V +O ) ________________ _
3. ( S + V + C ) ____________________ 4. ( S + V + IO + DO ) ___________ ____
5. ( S + V + O + C ) __________________ 6. There be 句型 ____________ __
四、辨形练习
1. Time flies. 2. Class begins! 3. The man doesn’t smoke. 4. We all laughed. 5. Everybody has arrived.
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6. I am crying. 7. The sun rises. 8. Does it hurt? 9. The book sells well.(sell等词用主动形式表示被动意义)
以上9个例句均属于__________________ ______________ __________________ 句型结构。
1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The book is interesting. 3. The dinner smells delicious.
4. Everything looks different. 5. His face turned red. 6. He feel happy. 7. The weather becomes warmer.
8. I’m happy to meet you. 9. They are willing to help.
以上9个例句均属于 _________________ __________________ __________________ 句型结构。
1. Who knows the answer? 2. She laughed at him. 3. He understands English. 4. Tom made cakes.
5. They ate some apples.
6. Danny likes donuts. 7. I want to have a cup of tea. 8. The teacher said “Good morning.”
以上8个例句均属于______________ __________________ __________________ 句型结构。
1. Lily passed her sister a new dress. 2. He cooked her a delicious meal. 3. She bought her
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husband a new watch.
4. He brought you a dictionary. 5. I told her nothing. 6. I gave him my pictures. 7. I gave him a hand.
8. He showed me how to run the machine. 9. John sent Mary some flowers.
以上9个例句均属于__________________ _______________ __________________ 句型结构
1. We saw him go out. 2. I saw them getting on the bus. 3. They call him Bob. 4. They found the house dirty.
5. What makes him sad? 6. We keep the table clean. 7. They painted the door green. 8. He asked me to come back soon.
以上8个例句均属于__________________ _____________ __________________ 句型结构。
1. They work hard. _________________________ ____ _____________ _句型
2. The flower is dead. __________________________ ___ _____________ _句型
3. Plants need water. __________________ _________ __ _____________ _句型
4. He gives me some seeds. ___________________________ __ _____________ _句型
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5. We should keep the plants in the shade.
__________________ _______ _____________ _句型
6. Many animals live in trees. ________________________ _____ _____________ _句型
基本句型（一）主语+不及物动词 ( S + V )
这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：
1. 他昨天早上起床很
晚。 ___________________________________________________________________________
2. 那天晚上我们谈了很多。 _____________________________________________________________________
3. 会议将持续两个小
时。 ___________________________________________________________________________
4. 1919年，在北京爆发了“五四”运动.( the May Fourth Movement)
________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. 这个盒子重五斤。(kilo) ______________________________________________________________________
6. 五年前我住在北京。 ______________________________________________________________________
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7. 在过去十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
基本句型（二）主语+及物动词+宾语( S + V +O)
这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：
我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________.
You place me in a difficult situation.________________________________________。
They finally managed to get along with us. _____________________________________。
They have ________ ________ _________ of the children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。
1. 昨晚我写了一封信。 _______________________________________________________________________
2. 我父亲能流利地说英语。fluently __________________________________________________________
3. 你介意我开窗户吗？ _______________________________________________________________________
4. 你们必须在两周之内看完那些书。 __________________________________________________________
5. 他指出我的作文中的错误。point out, composition
____________________________________________________________________________________
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6. 我们必须派人去请医生。 ______________________________________________________________________
7. 你在工作中可以依靠他。 _______________________________________________________________________
8. 写完作文后，我们必须检查一遍。go over
________________________________________________________________________________________________
基本句型（三）主语+系动词+表语( S + V +P)
这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：
A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：
We should __________ __________ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚。
这种食物尝起来很糟糕。
___________________________________________________________________________.
B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：
Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
Don't have the food. _______________________________. 不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。
The fact __________ ___________. 这个事实证明是正确的。
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1.常见的系动词有：一.be动词:is, am, are, was, were 二.”保持”keep, stay 三. “变得”become, get, turn
四. “……起来”look, sound, smell, taste, feel
2.表语即系动词后面的成分，可由名词n，形容词adj，动名词，过去分词，介词短语或表语从句充当。
eg: He is handsome． (he做主语，is是系动词，handsome是形容词，做表语) 译：他长得帅。 eg: He is a clever boy．（he是主语，is 是系动词，a clever boy是名词短语（即不定冠词a/an + 形容词＋名词单数，）做表语） 译：他是一个聪明的男孩。 eg: The desk feels hard．(The desk是主语，feel是系动词，hard是形容词，做表语) 译：书桌摸起来很硬。eg: He is in the classroom. (he是主语，is是系动词，in the classroom是介词短语，做表语) 译: 他在教室里。
注：主语可由名词，动名词，代词，不定式或主语从句充当。
1.我的兄弟都是大学生。 _______________________________________________________________________
2. 这本书是关于美国历史的
书。 _____________________________________________________________________
3. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Nursery
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. 他失业了。 ____________________________________________________________________________________
5. 树叶已
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经变黄
了。 _______________________________________________________________________________
6. 这个报告听起来很有意
思。 _______________________________________________________________________
7. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。 _______________________________________________________________________
8. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。pianist
________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. 孩子们，请保持安静。 _______________________________________________________________________
基本句型（四）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( S + V + IO + DO )
在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get，teach等。
eg: He gave me a book.(he 是主语gave是及物动词，是give 的过去式，me是间宾，a book是直
宾
)= He gave a book to me
．
译
：
他
给
我
一
本
书。 eg: He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me．（brought是bring的过去式,译为“带来”） 译：他带给我一枝钢笔。eg: My mother bought me a book=My mother bought a book for me.
（bought是buy的过去式） 译：我妈妈给我买了一本书。
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：
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Yesterday her father _______________ ________ _____ ____________ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March. _____________________________________________。
这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：
A. 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ for sb.； B. 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ to sb.。
Please show me your picture. ==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____. 请把你的画给我看一下。
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart. == I'll offer ____ _________ _________ _______ ________ as long as you don't lose heart. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。
1. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故
事。 __________________________________________________________
2. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？dictionary
________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 _________________________________________________________
4. 我替你叫辆出租车好
吗？ _______________________________________________________________________
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5. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信
了。 __________________________________________________________
6. 他把车票给列车员看。conductor __________________________________________________________
基本句型（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ( S + V + O + C )
这种句型中的宾语＋ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”, 作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。eg: They made the girl angry．（they是主语, made是及物动词, the girl是宾语, angry是宾补） 译：他们使这个女孩生气了。 eg They consider Jack a brave boy. （they是主语， consider是及物动词，Jack是宾语, a brave boy名词短语，做宾补）译：他们认为Jack是一个勇敢的男孩。 eg: I saw the little girl dancing in the room. (I 是主语，saw是及物动词， the little girl 是名词词组作宾语，dancing是现在分词做宾补， in the room是介词短语作地点状语。) eg: The teacher asked us to hand in our homework. (The teacher是主语， asked 是及物动词，us是宾语， to hand in our homework是不定式短语做宾补。)
如： Keep _______________________________________________, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。
他把墙漆成白色。_______________________________________________________________________.
我们发现他是一个诚实的人。_____________________________________________________________.
注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。
如：The boss made him do the work all day. ______________________________________。
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1. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。consider
________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 我们把小偷释放了。set…free _________________________________________________________________
3. 他叫我们参加做游戏。 _______________________________________________________________________
4. 我要你把真相告诉我。 _______________________________________________________________________
5. 每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
____________________________ ______________________________ 6. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。make…frightened
________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. 他每个月理一次
发。 _____________________________________________________________________________
8. 我们要使学校变得更美
丽。 _______________________________________________________________________
五、翻译练习
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1. 我会试一下
的。 2. 昨晚睡得好吗？
3. 引擎坏
了。
4. 这窗户关不上。
5 这笔写起来很流畅。
6. 你认识这些人吗？
7. 我不会用英语表达自己。
8. 我们支付不起这样的价钱。
9. 介意等几分钟吗？
10. 希望我没说什么话伤害到你。
11. 布朗先生是一位工程师。
12. 他慢慢变得沉默。
13. 机器坏了。(out of order)
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14. 电视机开着。
15. 问题是你想做什么。
16. 我们决定跟着他的样子做。(follow one’s example)
17. 她给了我她的电话号码。
18. 她给我们唱了一首民俗歌曲。
(folk song) 19. 告诉他我不
在。
20. 你能告诉我格林小姐住在哪里吗？
21. 我叫James给我买些面包。
22. 他发现他的工作很无聊。
23. 我看见她在和Nancy聊天。
24. 我们以为他是个老实人。
25. 他相信她说的是事实。
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26. 他看着钢琴被抬上楼。(upstairs)
27. 我认为你最好跟我们呆在一起。
28. 他觉得跟她说明这点，是他的责任。
29. 大厅里有两个女孩子在跳舞。
30. 有很多事情要做。
31. 今晚有什么活动吗？
32. 这儿曾经有个电影院来着。
33. 从前，岛上住着一个渔夫。
34. 有人敲门。
35. 山顶上有座古老的寺庙。
36. 你应当努力学习。
37. 会议将持续两个小时。
38. 他不知道说什么好。
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39. 他们成功地完成了计划。
40. 学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。
基本句型练习答案
三 指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。
1.（6） 2. (1) (3) (8) 3. (4) 4. (7) 5. (5) 6. (2)
基本句型（一）主语+ 不及物动词 ( S + V )
1. He got up very late yesterday morning. 2. That evening we talked a great deal. 3. The meeting will last two hours.
4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 5. This box weighs five kilos.
6. I lived in Beijing five years ago. 7. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
基本句型（二）主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 ( S + V +O )
1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.My father can speak English fluently. 3.Do you mind my opening the window.
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4.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 5.He pointed out the mistakes in my composition.
6.We must send for a doctor. 7.You can depend on him in your work. 8.After writing a composition, we must go over it.
基本句型（三）主语 + 系动词 + 表语 ( S + V + C )
1 My brothers are all college students. 2 This book is about the history of the United States.
3 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 4 He is out of work. 5. The leaves have turned yellow.
6 The report sounds interesting. 7. Mrs. Brown looks very healthy
8 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 9. Children , keep quiet please.
基本句型（四）主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ( S + V + IO + DO )
1. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 2. Would you please pass me the dictionary.
3. My father has bought me a new bike. 4. Shall I call you a taxi?
5. This term I have written three letters to my parents. 6. He showed the ticket to the conductor.
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基本句型（五）5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ( S + V + O + C )
1. All of us consider him honest. 2. The have set the thief free. 3. He asked us to join in the game.
4. I want you to tell me the truth. 5. Every morning we hear him read English aloud.
6. The terrible sound made the children frightened. 7. He has his hair cut once a month.
8. We will make our school more beautiful.
一、辨形练习
主谓结构 主系表结构 主谓宾结构 双宾语结构 复合宾语结构
1. 主谓 2. 主系表 3. 主谓宾 4. 双宾语 5. 复合宾语 6. 主谓
二、翻译练习
1. I’ll try. 2. Did you sleep well last night? 3. The engine broke down. 4. The window won’t shut.
5. The pen writes smoothly. 6. Do you know these people? 7. I can’t express myself in English.
8. We can’t afford to pay such a price. 9. Would you mind waiting a few minutes?
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10. I hope that I have said nothing to pain you. 11. Mr. Brown is an engineer. 12. Gradually he became silent.
13. The machine is out of order. 14. The television is on. 15. The question is what you want to do.
16. We are determined to follow his example. 17. She gave me her telephone number. 18. She sung us a folk song.
19. Tell him I am out. 20. Can you tell me where Miss Green lives? 21. I asked James to buy me some bread.
22. He found his job boring. 23. I saw her chatting with Nancy. 24. We thought him an honest man.
25. He believed her to be telling the truth. 26. He watched the piano carried upstairs.
27. I think it best that you should stay with us. 28. He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
29. There were two girls dancing in the hall. 30. There were many things to be done.
31. Is there any activity tonight? 32. There used to be a cinema here.
33. Once upon a time, there lived a fisherman on the island. 34. There is a knock on the door.
35. On the top of the hill there is an old temple./On the top of the hill stands an old temple.
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36. You should study hard.
37. The meeting will last two hours. 38. He did not know what to say. 39. They carried out the plan successfully.
40. The school made it rule that the students should stand up when class begins.
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