成人本科学位英语阅读理解专项强化真题试卷26(题后含答案及解析)

成人本科学位英语阅读理解专项强化真题试卷26 (题后含答案及解

析)

题型有：1.

If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to keep our lives on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan. Sagan believes that before the earth’s resources are completely used up it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there. Sagan proposes that algae(藻类)organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon. When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but before man ban set foot on Venus it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.

1． In the long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of______.

A．food B．oil C．space D．resources

正确答案：D 解析：此题问的是从长远来看，人口增长带来的不可解决的问题将会是什么，属于细节事实题。从文章第一段的第一句话我们就知道，“如果地球上的人口按照目前的速度增长的话，将没有足够的资源来保证生命的延续”，后文也多处说明了资源短缺将是人口增长面临的最大的问题，所以正确答案选择D。A、B、C项在文中作为资源的例证，而且是资源这个大类下的分类，故不能作为答案。

2． Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because______.

A．it might be possible to change its atmosphere B．its atmosphere is the same as the earth’s C．there is agood supply of water on Venus D．the days on Venus are long enough

正确答案：A

解析：此题问的是Carl Sagan认为金星会被征服的原因，属于细节事实题。我们在文章第二段的第一句话“Sagan believes that before the earth’s resources are completely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself”(Sagan认为在地球资源完全用尽之前有可能改变金星上的大气，和建造一个与地球差不多大的新世界)中可以找到答案，即原因是“可以改变金星上的大气环境”，正确答案为A。B，C，D三个选项里面所说到的内容均与此段后文所说的内容不相符。

3． On Venus there is a lot of______. A．water

B．carbon dioxide C．carbon monoxide D．oxygen

正确答案：B 解析：此题也属于细节事实题，答案仍然可以在第二段找到。由此段的“Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there”这句话可知，金星上只有少量的水，所以A)项是不正确的：从本段的最后一句“the algae will break down the carbon dioxide intooxygen and carbon”可知，金星上没有氧气，但是有二氧化碳(carbon dioxide)。所以，D项和C项不正确，B才是正确选项。

4． Algae are plants that can______. A．live in very hot temperatures B．live in very cold temperatures C．manufacture oxygen D．all of the above

正确答案：D 解析：此题属于细节事实题。答案可以在第二段的第三句话“Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen”中找到，即藻类植物既可以生活在极热或极冷的环境中，同时也可以产生氧气。所以，正确答案为D。

5． Man can land on Venus only when______. A．the algae have done their work

B．the atmosphere becomes cooler C．there is oxygen D．it rains there

正确答案：B

解析：此题问的是人类在什么情况下可以登上金星，属于细节事实题，正确答案可以在最后一段中找到。此段讲到了“当藻类植物发挥作用之后，大气层会冷却，但是在人类登陆之前，氧气要能够产生雨水，因为金星表面对于人类来说仍然过热，但是雨水降下后的几年，金星的整个环境就会变得与地球类似，所以可以推断人类只有在大气层冷却之后才能登上金星”。正确答案选择B。

Material culture refers to the touchable, material”things”—physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used—that a culture produces. Examining a nation’s material culture can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us understand the music culture. The most vivid way, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music culture, their remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and pictures of instruments in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as preserved paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of the influence of the eastern countries to Europe that results in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra. Sheet music or printed music, too is material culture. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet folk music stimulates people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation(乐谱)has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole. One more important part of music’s material culture is the influence of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and video cassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the” information revolution, “ a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations:they have affected music cultures all over the globe. They have brought about changes to traditional music instruments.

6． Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because______.

A．it helps produce new cultural tools and technology B．it can reflect the way of life of the nation

C．it helps understand the nation’s past and present as well as its way of life D．it can demonstrate the nation’s civilization

正确答案：C 解析：此题问的是为什么研究一个民族的物质文化非常重要，属于细节事实题。文章第一段的第二句话“Examining a nation’s material culture can tell us about the group’s history and way of life”可知，研究一个民族的物质文化可以帮助我们了解这个民族的历史和生活方式，C项是对这句的正确理解。

7． It can be learned from the second paragraph that______.

A．the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese Music

B．Near Eastern music had influence on the instruments in the symphony orchestra

C．the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western Music

D．the musical instruments in the symphony based on that of Near Eastern music

正确答案：B

解析：此题是事实推断题，要求在理解第二段的基础上对选项作出判断。重点考查的是对第二段最后一句话的后半部分“or we can outline the spread of the influence of the eastern countries to Europe that results in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra”的理解。这句话的意思是，“一些东方国家对欧洲音乐的影响就促使交响乐团内的大部分乐器的产生”，所以，表述正确的选项是B。

8． According to the author, music notation is important because______.

A．it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to read it

B．it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians C．it is the printed version of standardized folk music

D．it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs

正确答案：A

解析：此题问的是乐谱之所以重要的原因，属于细节事实题。文章第三段的最后一句话讲到了乐谱的重要性，“the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and，when it becomes widespread，on the music culture as a whole”，即“会识乐谱会对乐师有深远的影响．一旦乐谱流行，它也会对总体的音乐文化产生影响”。正确答案选择A。

9． It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music______.

A．has brought about an information revolution

B．has speeded up the arrival of a new generation of computers C．has given rise to new forms of music culture

D．has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments

正确答案：D

解析：此题问的是电子媒体对于音乐所产生的影响，属于细节事实题。文章最后一段最后一句话清楚地说到了电子媒体对于音乐所产生的影响，“They have brought about changes to traditional music instruments”，即是带来了传统乐器的变化，正确答案选D。

10． Which of the following best summarized the main idea of the passage? ______.

A．Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.

B．Music cannot be passed on to future generation unless it is recorded. C．Folk songs cannot spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.

D．The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.

正确答案：D

解析：此题考查的是文章的主旨，属于事实推理题，需要在理解全文的基础上进行判断。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了物质文化对音乐文化的影响，并且在文章开头第一段就提到了“research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture”(研究音乐的物质文化可以帮助我们理解音乐文化)。所以，正确答案为D。

It seems like every day there’s some new research about whether our favorite drinks are good for us.(76)One day, science says a glass of red wine a day will help us live longer. The next day, maybe not. It seems journalists are pretty interested in wine research and the same might be said for coffee. Now, there’s been a lot of research into whether coffee’s good for our health. “The results have really been mixed,” admits Neal Freedman who led the coffee study and published his findings in a medical journal recently. “There’s been some evidence that coffee might increase the risk of certain diseases and there’s also been maybe more recent evidence that coffee may protect against other diseases as well.” Freedman and his colleagues undertook the biggest study yet to look at the relationship between coffee and health. They analyzed data collected from more than 400,000 Americans ages 50 to 71 participating in the study. “We found that the coffee drinkers had a modestly lower risk of death than the non-drinkers,” he said. Here’s what he means by “modestly”: those who drank at least two or three cups a day were about 10 percent or 15 percent less likely to die for any reason during the 13 years of the study. When the researchers looked at specific causes of death, coffee drinking appeared to cut the risk of dying from heart disease, lung disease, injuries, accidents and infections. Now, Freedman stressed that the study doesn’t prove coffee can make people live longer. A study like this can never prove a cause-and-effect relationship.(77)All it can really do is to point researchers in the right direction for further investigation. And even if it turns out that coffee is really good for you, scientists have no idea why.

11． According to the first paragraph, reporters would like to know the research findings of______.

A．tea B．beer C．alcohol D．coffee

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。由题干可以定位到第一段。根据第一段第四句It seemsiournalists are pretty interested in wine research and the same might be said for coffee．可知新闻工作者们(journalists)，即题干中的reporters，对酒(wine)和咖啡(coffee)的研究感兴趣，选项中只有coffee，因此选择D。

12． According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A．Freedman and his colleagues hired 400,000 Americans to collect data.

B．About four hundred thousand Americans worked for Freedman’s team full time for 13 years.

C．People who took part in Freedman’s research are about 50 to 70 years old. D．People who are 50 to 70 years old seldom drink coffee

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据第二段第二句They analyzed data collected from more than400，000 Americans ages 50 to 71 participating in the study．可知选项C正确，故为答案。弗里德曼做研究的时候并不是雇用了这些人，所以A和B的说法都不对。在这些参与者中，明明是有的喝咖啡，有的不喝咖啡，D属于无中生有。

13． According to the author, scientists______.

A．have already proved that coffee is good for human health B．have a long way to go before they find a way to study coffee C．have avoided the cause-and-effect approach to study coffee D．are still unable to figure out why coffee is good for us

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据第三段最后一句的And even if it turns out that coffee isreally good for you，scientists have no idea why．可知科学家们对咖啡有益于人体的原因还没有弄明白，所以选项D为答案。选项C十扰性较强，从最后一段的第二句可以知道科学家们并不是一开始就have avoided the cause-and-effect approach to study coffee，排除C。

14． The word “mixed” in the first paragraph means “______”. A．both good and bad B．put together

C．both sharp and soft

D．confused

正确答案：A

解析：词汇解释题。由题干定位到第一段的内容。Neal Freedman承认说研究结果have really been mixed，他接着说道：There’s been some evidence that coffee mightincrease the risk of certain diseases and there’s also been maybe more recent evidence that coffeemay protect against other diseases as well．可知，研究证据显示了两种不同结论：咖啡会增加入患某些疾病的风险，同时咖啡又能预防另一些疾病。所以A为答案。

15． Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage? A．Can Beer Help You Live Longer? B．Can Coffee Help You Live Longer? C．Can Wine Help You Live Longer? D．Can Tea Help You Live Longer?

正确答案：B

解析：主旨题。文章虽然在第一段提到了酒(wine)，但是通篇都是在谈论弗里德曼对咖啡和人体健康的关系的研究，所以B为答案。文章没有提到啤酒(beer)和茶(tea).

When we’re learning a foreign language, making sense of what we hear is the first step toward fluency. It sounds obvious, but until recently, we didn’t know much about how listening works. New research demonstrates that effective listening involves more than simply hearing the words that float past our ears. Rather, it’s an active process of receiving information and making meaning. This kind of engaged listening is a skill that’s as critical for learning a range of subjects at school and work as it is for learning to understand a foreign tongue. (78)Studies of skilled language learners have identified specific listening strategies that lead to superior comprehension. Last year, for example, University of Ottawa researcher Larry Vandergrift published his study of 106 undergraduates who were learning French as a second language. Half of the students were taught in a conventional fashion, listening to and practicing texts spoken aloud. The other half, possessing the same initial(最初的)skill level and taught by the same teacher, were given detailed instruction on how to listen. It turned out that the second group “significantly outperformed”(胜过)the first one on a test of comprehension. So what are these listening strategies? Skilled learners go into a listening class with a sense of what they want to get of it.(79)They set a goal for their listening, and they generate predictions about what the speaker will say. Before the talking begins they mentally review what they already know about the subject, and form an intention to “listen out for” what’s important or relevant. Once they begin listening, these learners maintain their focus; if their attention wanders, they bring it back to the words being spoken. They don’t allow themselves to be thrown off by confusing or unfamiliar details. Instead, they take note of what they don’t understand and make inferences about what those things might

mean, based on other clues available to them; their previous knowledge of the subject, the context(语境)of the talk, the identity of the speaker, and so on.

16． What is the main idea of this passage?

A．Effective listening means hearing the words that float past our ears.

B．Developing your listening skills is the first step toward developing fluency. C．Skilled listeners use specific strategies to get the most out of what they hear. D．Listening is one of the most powerful tools we have to gain information.

正确答案：C

解析：主旨题。根据第一段最后一句This kind of engaged listening is a skillthat’s as critical for learning a range of subjects at school and work as it is for learning tounderstand a foreign tongue．可知本文讨论的中心是engaged listening，专注地听对学习有重要的作用。后面两段分别讨论有效地听可以增强理解能力以及高效听力能力应用的技巧。

17． What does Vandergrift’s research show?

A．Learners who adopt specific listening strategies become better listeners. B．Learners taught in the traditional way are better at reinforcing what they learn. C．Learners are more confident if they make fewer mistakes. D．Learners who listen on a regular basis improve faster.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据第二段第一句话：Studies of skilled language learners haveidentified specific listening strategies that lead to superior comprehension．可知选项A正确。

18． Which of the following statements about Vandergrift’s research is TRUE? A．The participants were postgraduates learning French as a second language. B．All the participants were taught using the conventional method, with the focus on listening strategies.

C．The two groups were taught by different teachers. D．The participants were at the same initial skill level.

正确答案：D 解析：细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句The other half,possessing the sameinitial skill level and taught by the same teacher,were given detailed instruction on how to listen，可知选项D正确。

19． The expression “thrown off in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to “_____”.

A．infected B．confused

C．ruined D．informed

正确答案：B 解析：词义理解题。根据第三段第五句提到的these learners maintain theirfocus可知，具备高效听力能力的学习者倾听时很专注。根据thrown off所在的句子Theydon’t allow themselves to be thrown off by confusing or unfamiliar details．可知专注听信息的人不受令人费解或不熟悉的细节的困扰。故B为答案。

20． According to the passage, which of the following strategies is NOT used by skilled learners?

A．Review their prior knowledge of the subject. B．Concentrate on the speaker’s words. C．Translate into their native language. D．Predict what the speaker will say.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据第三段第四句Before the talking begins，they mentallyreview what they already know about the subjects．可知A选项的技巧是被高效听力学习者采用的方法。根据第三段第五句Once they begin listening，these learners maintain their focus；iftheir attention wanders，they bring it back to the words being spoken．可知B选项的技巧是被高效听力学习者采用的方法。根据第三段第三句They set a goal for their listening，and theygenerate predictions about what the speaker will say．可知D选项的技巧也是被高效听力学习者采用的方法。只有C项的内容文中没有提及，故C为本题答案。

(80)As the Titanic was sinking and women and children climbed into lifeboats, the musicians from the ship’s band stood and played. They died when the ship went down. Men stood on the deck and smoked cigarettes. They died, too. This behavior is puzzling to economists, who like to believe that people tend to act in their own self interest. “There was no pushing,” says David Savage, an economist at Queensland University in Australia who has studied witness reports from the survivors. It was “very, very orderly behavior.” Savage has compared the behavior of the passengers on the Titanic with those on the Lusitania, another ship that also sank at about the same time. But when the Lusitania went down, the passengers panicked(恐慌). There were a lot of similarities between these two events. These two ships were both luxury ones, they had a similar number of passengers and a similar number of survivors. The biggest difference, Savage concludes, was time. The Lusitania sank in less than 20 minutes. But for the Titanic, it was two-and-a-half hours. “If you’ve got an event that lasts two-and-a-half hours, social order will take over and everybody will behave in a social manner,” Savage says. “If you’re going down in under 17 minutes, basically it’s instinctual.” On the Titanic, social order ruled, and it was women and children first. On the Lusitania, instinct won out. The survivors were largely the people who could swim and get into the lifeboats. Yes, we’re

self-interested, Savage ways. But we’re also part of a society. Given time, social norms(规范)can beat our natural self-interest. A hundred years ago, women and children always went first. Men were stoic(坚忍的). On the Titanic, there was enough time for these norms to become forceful.

21． According to the author, economists were confused because_____. A．People’s behavior was disorderly on the Titanic

B．People did not act in their own interest on the Titanic

C．most men did not act in their own interest on the Lusitania D．women and children could not climb into the lifeboats

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据文章第一段中This behavior is puzzling to economists，wholike to believe that people tend to act in their own self interest．可知，泰坦尼克号上的乘客并没有像经济学家所通常认为的那样站在自私自利的立场行事，所以经济学家对此感到困惑。并且，第一段末There was no pushing和very．very orderly behavior也印证了泰坦尼克号上的秩序是井然的。

22． The expression “won out” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to “_____”.

A．took the upper hand B．went out of control C．ran wild D．shut down

正确答案：A

解析：词义理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，在路西塔尼亚号上，大部分幸存者是那些会游泳并且能够逃到救生艇上的人们。这与泰坦尼克号上的情况形成了鲜明的对比，在泰坦尼克号上社会秩序战胜了本能，而在路西塔尼亚号上本能战胜了社会秩序，因此选择took the upper hand占上风，胜山。

23． According to David Savage, ___was a critical factor in determining people’s behavior in the sinking of these two ships.

A．social order B．place C．instinct D．time

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据关键词Savage定位在文章第三段第一句The biggestdifference，Savage concludes，was time．文章中的The biggest difference与题十中的a criticalfactor对应，表示两艘巨轮沉没的最大不同之处，接下来第三段开始陈述时间上的不同以及由此导致的人们的反应及行为的差异。故D为

本题答案。

24． According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE? A．Both ships were expensive ones.

B．A similar number of women and children from both ships survived. C．About the same number of people from each ship died. D．Both ships had a similar number of passengers.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据第二段末句These two ships were both luxury ones…可知A项描述正确，由该句中的they had a similar number of passengers and a similar number ofsurvivors可知，C和D描述正确。因此选择B。

25． Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage? A．Why Didn’t Musicians Play on the Lusitania? B．Why Did Musicians Play on the Titanic? C．Why Didn’t Passengers Panic on the Titanic? D．Why Did Men Smoke on the Titanic?

正确答案：C

解析：主旨题。文章首段就描述了泰坦尼克号沉没时的情形，并引出经济学家疑惑。接着通过对泰坦尼克号和路西塔尼亚号沉没的两个事件的对比，总结出导致人们采取社会规范或本能自利的方式逃生的主要原因：时间长短的不同。最后作者总结道，如果时间充足的话，社会规范就能够打败我们天生的自私自利。在泰坦尼克号上，有足够的时间让这些规范发挥效力。因此C符合文章的主题。A、B、D中提到的都是乘客的一些具体表现，不能概括全文的写作目的。