15-16-2大学英语4-4期末复习
Vocabulary
Ⅰ. 1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1) The waitress was so rude that Jane didn’t tip（给小费）her.
2) Racing takes everything you’ve got---intellectually（智力方面地）, emotionally（情感方面地）, and physically（身体方面地）.
3) Although the structure of the building hasn’t suffered（受损害）, the surface (表面) is badly damaged.
4) She received an increase in pay and it has made a difference in her attitude towards work.
（她工资增加了，这使她对工作的态度发生了大的变化）
5) She appeared very nervous one evening. I asked her what was wrong, and she blurted out that she had fallen in love with Phil.
6) I looked at Tom’s pictures and found some of them so amusing（有趣的）and funny that I couldn’t help chuckling.
7) Your goals have to be measurable so you’ll know to what extent you are making progress.
8) Salespeople often try to learn about the needs of the prospective（预期的，可能的）buyer to make themselves more persuasive（有说服力的）.
9) We have only five months to make preparations for the trip to the South Pole（南极）.
10) Prof. Lee’s eyes sparkled with enthusiasm（眼中闪烁着热情洋溢的光芒）as she talked about how her new teaching method worked（产生效果）in her College English class.
11) In my senior year（大四）I took a crack at writing a novel, but without much success.
（freshman; sophomore; junior; senior）
12) To reduce weight, I am now learning to play golf with my business partner who plays like a professional（职业高尔夫运动员）.
2. Use the verb in brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb you have learned and
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complete the sentence with it: Modal:
Was he planning to the interview with another letter indicating his eagerness to join us? (follow)
Was he planning to follow the interview with another letter indicating his eagerness to join us?
1) You have to know what is right for you and then go after it regardless of（不管）what others may say. (go)
2) May you look back on/at the past with as much pleasure as you look forward to（展望）the future. (look)
3) Most of the old buildings were pulled down（被拆毁）in this area so that blocks（方块，这里指“街区”）of new apartments（公寓）could be put up. (put)
4) We may say he stood for freedom and justice all his life.
5) In retrospect she says the most important thing is for parents build in some kind of motivation（激励）or prospect（期望）that means something to their offspring.（build）
6) To my mind, it is very important to follow up your letter and résumé (个人简历) with a phone call when you apply for any job. (follow)
7) Before we set off for the camping trip, our five-year-old asked, “Can the microwave（微波炉）be hooked up to the electricity supply at the campsite (野营地), Dad?”
8) She tried to swallow, but couldn’t, her throat had almost closed up. (close)
Unit Four
Vocabulary
Ⅰ. 1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1) The general（将军，上将） ordered his troops to move quickly towards an advantageous position.
2) People would think the seven-year-old couldn’t even reach the pedals (踏板，脚蹬子), let alone drive the car. Nevertheless（然而）, he made it!
3) In a sense（在某种意义上）, we are witnessing the vanishing of national boarders in many areas of economic activity in the world today.
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4) The tower built at the turn of the century became a landmark of the city.
5) In a book entitled A Short History of Nearly Everything, Bill Bryson tries to ignite（激起）a passion for knowledge in young readers.
6) It seems neuroscience（神经系统科学）is threatening to displace physics as the queen of the science.
7) It is only natural for the people to challenge the Establishment, especially when the economic outlook is gloomy（前景黯淡的；悲观的）.
8) If anything（如果有什么区别的话）, this movie appeals to（呼吁；对…有吸引力） the patriotic feelings of the people and helps to strengthen national unity（国家统一）.
9) Julius Caesar in this play is a man full of contradictions, at times strong and confident, but at other times old and frail（脆弱）.
10) The newly launched website aspires to create a virtual community（虚拟社区）of common interest via exchange of views on the future of the Internet.
11) What Ann advocates（提倡）//shows how divorced from reality she has become.
12) After investigating the behavior of pendulums, Galileo was able to use them as
time measurement devices in many of his experiments.
2. Use the verb in brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb you have learned and replace with it the italicized part in each of the following sentences: Modal:
My daughter is very keen and totally absorbed in the Internet and I think that it is mad, bad and dangerous. (hook)
My daughter is hooked on the Internet and I think that it is mad, bad and dangerous.
1) I’ve thought about what happened for a long time, and I’ve come to the conclusion that it must have been an accident. (come)
2) Donna dared not settle herself too comfortably into her seat in case she dozed off. (doze)
3) Roosevelt, like Churchill, saw the significance of postwar aviation（航空工业）, and believed in free and open competition. (believe)
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4) Professor Smith was set apart from his colleagues by his radical（激进的）views on gender equality（性别平等）. (set)
5) We can see the effect the terrorist attack has upon us, where the first stage is shock and disbelief, and an inability to take in the reality of what is being said. (take)
6) The black hole is a region of space with a gravitational field so powerful that it sucks in everything that comes within range. (suck)
7) The Green Party（绿色和平组织）said plans to clean up the environment were doomed（注定要失败的） unless the government gave an immediate cash injection（资金投入）to the departments responsible for enforcement（执行）. (clean)
8) For sheer lack of space and resources the local drug addition center (戒毒中心) has to turn away（= refuse）drug-addicts (吸毒者) who are begging for admission.
Unit 5
Vocabulary
Ⅰ. 1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1). In a way I would prefer shopping online because it would be more convenient and save time. 2)The success of mechanics（方法） in discovering reliable and useful laws of nature (自然法则) suggested (=shown) to Galileo and later scientists is that all nature is designed in accordance with mechanical laws（机械法则）. 3) A vacancy exists for an import sales manager（销售部经理）at our Paris office. If you’re interested in it, please send us an application letter and your résumé at once.
4) If you are over 18 and in good condition, it’s completely safe to do the job.
5) Plastics（塑料）can be made hard as stone, strong as steel, transparent as glass, light as wood.
6) Coat the shoes with polish（抛光剂）, and then rub hard with a soft cloth to give a shine.
7) It was probably just a spicy joke to them, but it wasn’t funny to me at all.
8) Michael’s praise for my wife opened my eyes and taught me to show gratitude for day-to-day heroism（英雄行为）, which I had hitherto taken for granted.
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（take…for granted:把…看作理所当然的）
9) The waitress did bring us clean plates eventually (=finally), but with a bad grace.
10) Some scientists believe that human beings are born with an instinct for using their arms and legs to stay afloat（漂浮的）, which, however, disappear within a few months after birth.
11) In order to pay the bills, Linda pawned her grandfather’s gold watch in secret.
12) Fish instinctively fight their way upstream against the current, and many water birds and animals have the ability to travel long distance.
2. Use the verb in brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb you have learned and complete the sentence with it: Modal:
I suppose you never him in London. (come) I suppose you never came across him in London.
1) Allan and his girlfriend arranged to meet at the park at 1:30, but somehow he never turned up. (turn)
2) Unless something urgent demands her attention, Amanda will stick to a study schedule that included breaks every two hours. She thinks that trying to study when you are overtired isn’t smart. (stick)
3) I happened to see him in Boston and we talked about our time together in Boston and it really brought back some fond (=pleasant) memories. (bring)
4) In the present financial crisis, many college graduates feel unsure how to go about looking for a job. (go)
5) The speaker kept on talking for about an hour, but I just didn’t understand what he was driving at. (drive)
6) Granny folded up (把…折叠起来) the towels（毛巾）and put them away in the cupboard（柜橱）. (put)
7) Even when she didn’t say anything you could see her turning things over in her mind. (turn)
8) The statement took him so much aback that for a moment he was lost for words. (take)
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15选10 (Cloze) What is the best way to impress a prospective (1) employer when you go for an interview for a job interview? As I see it (2), the best thing is to demonstrate（=show）that you have done your homework (3) and know all about the firm (公司) beforehand (4). You should make every endeavor (5), for example, to show that you know something about the structure (6) of the company, including the different lines of products it turns out (= produce，生产) and the chief business partners (7) it is working with. Respond (8) in a spontaneous (= natural，自然的) manner and let the interviewer know that you are not frightened by new challenges, but are willing to take a crack (9) at anything. Try to look at the situation from the standpoint (10) of the person offering the opportunity of the employment. What sort of qualities（品质）is he likely to be looking for? Enthusiasm, certainly. So don’t leave your application waiting until just before the deadline. Apply early. Another thing that can make a difference (11) is to follow up (12) your interview with a letter expressing（表达）your enthusiasm to join the company.
Davos is a small Alpine city in eastern Switzerland which began making itself known in the 1990s for hosing the World Economic Forum, an annual gathering of politicians, financiers and academics (1). Each year, those taking part spend five days there networking (2) and discussing a variety of (3) issues such as the global supply of oil, world economic growth (4) and environmental problems.
Davos Men share the belief that globalization is both welcome and unstoppable. They would like to see national boundaries vanish (5) so as to facilitate (6) their global operations. Some people say that this international perspective is a minority elitist position not shared by the majority of people. Others, however, argue that endorsing (7) a global outlook (8) does not mean sweeping aside (9) one’s patriotic (10) feelings or erasing (11) one’s national identity. The question, perhaps, is whether it is possible to strike a balance (12) between being global and being local.
You see that young man swimming out at sea? He must be insane (1) to have committed himself to（commit oneself to：致力于）such a thing; The current (2) is far too strong. To be candid (3), I wouldn’t attempt it. I dare say few swimmers are capable (4) of such a feat (= skill). I met him on the beach before he set out. I don’t mind telling you that I was taken aback (5) when he told me what he was going to do. I am a swimmer myself, but I wouldn’t attempt it. And he didn’t look in good condition (6) at all. Far from it. He may have a good constitution (7) once, but he had clearly let himself go all to pieces (8). However, it seems like he had no choice. He told me that he had gone broke (9), not a penny left, and that old Burton would only find him a vacancy (10) in his firm if he did the swim. That was another surprise. Burton seems such a mild (11) mannered（守规矩的）man, kind to everybody. Perhaps he thought the young man would not have the courage, that he would funk it. Then, again, perhaps Burton knew he was sending the young man to his death, but was too cold-blooded to care. It only goes to show how deceptive (12) appearances can be.
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背诵段（Unit 3）
When I graduated from college, the odds were good that I would have the same job for the rest of my life. And that's how it worked out. But getting hired is no longer a once-in-a-lifetime experience. Employment experts believe that today's graduates could face as many as ten job changes during their careers.
我大学毕业时，我极有可能终身从事同一个工作。当时情况也的确如此。但如今已不再是一生被聘去做一个工作了。指导就业的专家认为，今天的大学毕业生在他们的生涯中可能会经历多达10次的职业变动。
That may sound like a lot of pressure. But if you're prepared, the pressure is on the other folks -- the ones who haven't done their homework.
听上去似乎压力不小。然而，如果你做了准备，压力就是别人的—那些没做准备的人.
You won't get every job you go after. The best salespeople don't close every sale. Michael Jordan makes barely half of his field-goal attempts. But it takes no longer to prepare well for one interview than to wander in half-prepared for five. And your prospects for success will be many times better.
你不可能得到你想要的每份工作。最好的售货人员也不可能每次都成交。迈克尔·乔丹投篮命中率勉强过半。但认真准备一次面试的时间不会多于马马虎虎准备五次面试的时间，而你成功的可能性要多得多。
（Unit 4）
William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. \"National identity makes no difference for me,\" he says. \"I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization.\"
威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。”
（Unit 5)
These reflections have occurred to me because I read in this morning's paper that Edward Hyde Burton had died at Kobe.He was a merchant and he had been in business in Japan for many year .I knew him very little,but he interested me because
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once he gave me a great surprise.Unless I had heard the story from his own lips,I should never have believed that he was capable of such an action.It was more startling because both in appearance and manner he suggested a very definite type.Here if ever was a man all of a piece.He was a tiny little fellow,not much more than five feet four in height,and very slender,with white hair,a red face much wrinkled,and blue eyes.I suppose he was about sixty when I knew him.He was always neatly and quietly dressed in accordance with his age and station.
我产生这些想法，是因为我在今天早上的报纸上看到爱德华·海德·伯顿在神户去世的消息。他是个商人，在日本经商多年。我跟他并不熟，但是对他挺有兴趣，因为有一次他让我大吃一惊。要不是听他亲口讲述这个故事，我根本不会相信他能做出这种事来。这件事之所以特别令人惊讶，是因为无论是外表还是风度，他都让人想到一种非常明确的类型。要说真有表里如一的人的话，那就是此公了。他个子很小，身高不过5英尺4英寸，身材纤细，白头发、蓝眼睛，红红的脸上布满皱纹。我估计自己认识他时，他大约有60岁光景。他向来衣着整洁素雅，合乎他的年龄和身份。
Translation
Unit 3
Sentence translation
1. 食物供应还不足以应付饥民的的需求。(inadequate) 2. 在我看来，如欲被聘用，有四个关键。(As I see it)
3. 只要我们竭尽全力做到最好，我们就能掌握未来。(endeavor, in our hands) 4. 如果我事先知道你会带这么多朋友回家，我会做更好的准备。(beforehand, preparation)
5. 当人们得知地震灾区(the earthquake-stricken area)将要重建新学校时，纷纷慷慨捐款。(generously)
参考译文
1. The food supplies are inadequate to meet the needs of the hungry. 2. As I see it, there are four keys to getting hired/employed.
3. As long as we endeavor to do our best, we can have the future in our hands.
4. If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations.
5. When/Upon learning that new schools were to be rebuilt in the earthquake-stricken area, people generously donated money.
Passage translation
常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。 面试时，最好向面试官展示你已经做足了功课，并且提前了解公司的一切。谁会拒绝一个充分了解公司结构、产品、生意伙伴的求职者呢？ as the saying goes preparation do one’s homework beforehand 参考译文
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As the saying goes, well begun, half done. It is extremely important for a job applicant to make full preparations while seeking employment. At a job interview, the best thing is to show that you have done your homework and know all about the firm beforehand. Who would turn down a job applicant who knows well about the structure of the company, its products and business partners?
Unit 4
Sentence translation
1．政府必须加强医疗改革，让全民都能看得起病。( strengthen)
2. 这位百岁老人（centenarian）见证了这个城市经济的巨大变化。（witness, economy） 3. 闪婚族（flash marriage group）中相当一部分以离婚收场。( considerable, divorce) 4. 这对年轻夫妻试图使工作和娱乐两全其美。（strike a balance） 5. 如今年轻人越来越向往去国外度蜜月。(increasingly, aspire)
参考译文
1. The government should strengthen medical reform so that everyone can afford the expense of medicine.
2. The centenarian has witnessed the great economic change of this city. 3. Among the flash marriage group, a considerable part end in divorce. 4. The young couple try to strike a balance between work and play.
5. Nowadays young people increasingly aspire to spend their honeymoon abroad.
Passage translation
全球化对中国而言越来越是一个矛盾体。一方面，它能吸引海外投资，促进经济发展；加强与世界各国在政治、文化、科技等方面的交流。另一方面，引进外资在一定程度上使中国成为发达国家的加工厂，破坏了生态环境；西方主流文化使中国传统文化受到了冲击，有少数一部分人忧虑中国传统文化会不会有一天终将消失。因此，我们应该在全球化的两方面中寻求平衡，使其对我们有利。 contradiction a handful of vanish accelerate investment growth strengthen advantageous increasingly 参考译文
To China, globalization is increasingly becoming a contradiction. One the one hand, it can attract foreign investment, accelerate economic growth and strengthen communications with other countries in politics, culture, technology and etc. On the other hand, to some degree, the introduction of foreign capital makes China become the processing plant of developed countries, damaging our ecological environment. Western popular culture has an impact on traditional Chinese culture, so a handful of people worry that traditional Chinese culture may one day vanish. We should strike a balance between the two sides of globalization, making it advantageous to us.
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Unit 5
Sentence translation
1. 法官对他坦率的回答大吃一惊。（candid, be taken aback）
2. 奇怪的是，这么严肃的会议居然那么多人迟到。（oddly enough）
3. 一旦你开始了一件工作，不管你能不能胜任，你都应该坚持下去。（capable，stick to）
4. 不符合排放(emission)规定的汽车将被淘汰。(in accordance with) 5. 要是一开始就相信直觉，我就不会迷路了。（instinct）
参考译文
1. The judge was taken aback by his candid reply.
2. Oddly enough, so many people were late for such a serious meeting.
3. Once you start a job, you should stick to it whether you are capable of it or not. 4. Cars which are not in accordance with the emission regulations will be phased out. 5. If I had followed my instinct at first, I would not have lost my way.
Passage Translation
有时，人们喜欢以貌取人。但就我来说，我发现外表是有欺骗性的。有的人看起来表里如一，实际却是相反的。比如，汤姆个性腼腆，有一双温和的眼睛，所以大家都以为他是个温柔的人，不会做残忍的事。然而，他对小动物非常残忍，甚至时不时做一些看起来疯狂的事。最终，汤姆变得穷困潦倒，没有得到别人的关爱也是情理之中。
all of a piece mild insane down and out deceptive for my own part 参考译文
Sometimes, people like judging others with their appearance. But for my own part, I find that appearances are deceptive. Some people seem a man all of a piece, but actually he is not. For instance, Tom was a timid man with mild eyes, so people thought he was too gentle to do something cruel. However, he was cruel to animals, and even did something insane from time to time. Eventually, Tom was down and out. It is reasonable that nobody cared about him.
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