小学英语语法复习要点（一）
一、名词复数规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,
watch-watches
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5．不规则名词复数：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,
policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
1
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________
water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
二、一般现在时
一般现在时基本用法介绍
【No. 1】一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。2
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：
We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加\"-s\"或\"-es\"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。
否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。
如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。
如：-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
3
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?
4
动词+s的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
一般现在时用法专练:
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
5
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
6
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. －What day _______(be) it today?
－ It’s Saturday.
三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
____________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)
7
_______________________________________________________
____________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
____________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________
8
9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
三、现在进行时
1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：
疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为：
9
疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?
动词加ing的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
现在进行时专项练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
10
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
11
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________
4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________
四、将来时理论及练习
一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。
二、基本结构：①be going to + do；
②will+ do.
12
三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。
例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1. 问人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2. 问干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this
afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3. 问什么时候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?
六、同义句：be going to = will
13
I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday?
I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?
Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4. 你们打算什么时候见面。
14
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
改句子。
5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定）
I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)
15
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?
15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.
16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.
19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
16
20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now.
五、一般过去时
1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。
2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）
⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如：Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？
17
如： What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？
如：Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
过去时练习
写出下列动词的过去式
is\\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
18
taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______
throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be动词的过去时练习（1）
一、 用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
二、 句型转换
19
1. It was exciting.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
2. All the students were very excited.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
3. They were in his pocket.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
Be动词的过去时练习（2）
20
一、用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday..
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.
二、句型转换
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
21
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
三、 中译英
1．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。
___________________________________________________________
2．他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。
___________________________________________________________
3．一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。
___________________________________________________________
行为动词的过去时练习（1）
一、用行为动词的适当形式填空
1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.
22
3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.
4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.
8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.
二、句型转换
1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
2. Nancy went to school early.
否定句：________________________________________________
23
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
3. We sang some English songs.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
行为动词的过去时练习（2）
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
一、用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
24
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
二、句型转换
1. They played football in the playground.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
三、中译英
1. 格林先生去年住在中国。
2. 昨天我们参观了农场。
3. 他刚才在找他的手机。
25
________________________________________________________
过去时综合练习（1）
一、 用动词的适当形式填空
1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday.
2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.
3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.
4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday.
5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)
6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.
9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.
10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday.
26
二、 中译英
1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。
_________________________________________________________
2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。
_________________________________________________________
3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。
_________________________________________________________
4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。
_________________________________________________________
过去时综合练习（2）
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
一、 用动词的适当形式填空
1. It _____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday.
27
Mr White ________ (go) to his office by car.
2. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.
3. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)
4. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)
5. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.
6. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)
7. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)
8. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.
9. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.
10.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)
二、中译英
1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。
_________________________________________________________
28
2. 去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。
_________________________________________________________
3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。
_________________________________________________________
小学英语复习要点（二）
六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习
一、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。
2．形容词加er的规则：
⑴一般在词尾加er ；
⑵以字母e 结尾，加r ；
⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；
29
⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。
3．不规则形容词比较级：
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二、副词的比较级
1．形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)
三、练习
一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级
old__________ young________ tall_______ long________
short________ strong________ big________ small_______
fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light________
30
nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________
low__________ high_________ slow_______ fast________
late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______
二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：
1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.
2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.
3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.
4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.
5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.
6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.
7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.
9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.
31
10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..
11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?
12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?
13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.
14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).
15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students.
三、翻译句子：
1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。
________ is _________than Jim？ ________ are
2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan.
________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________.
3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。
_________ pencil is _________,______or________？________is,I think.
32
4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。
_________ apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______?
My ____________ ___________.
5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。
_________ ________as _________as your uncle?Yes,I am.
6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。
He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim.
7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。
________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______?
No, _________ _________ than him.
8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。
Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day.
9.我跳得和Mike一样远。
33
I _________ as _______ as Mike.
10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。
____ Tom _____ _____ than you?No,he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____.
11.多做运动，你会更强壮。
________ more exercise,you’ll ________ _________ soon.
12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。
I ______ ________ at Science.But I don’t _________ well in Chinese.
13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。
____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___.
14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。
I like_______.All my______ _______ _______than me.
15.我的姐姐起得比我早。
My_____ _____ up _____than me.
34
16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。
____the girls______ ______ ______the boys? Yes,they ____.
17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。
She doesn’t ____ _____ in PE. But I don’t ______ _____than_____.
18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。
___ you ____football _____than your classmates?No,they____as____as me.
19．我母亲比我父亲年纪小。
My_____ _____ ______than my ______.
20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。
_____sweater_____ as_______as_____.
21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。
My dress_____ too_____. I want to _____a______one.
22. I'm taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较)
35
I'm _________ as ________ as Mike .
七、There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）
2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最靠近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？
36
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
What’s + 介词短语？
Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”
1. I________a good father and a good mother.
2. ____________a telescope on the desk.
3. He_________a tape-recorder.
4. _____________a basketball in the playground.
5. She__________some dresses.
6. They___________a nice garden.
7. What do you___________?
8. ______________a reading-room in the building?
9. What does Mike___________?
10. ______________any books in the bookcase?
37
11. My father_________a story-book.
12. _______________a story-book on the table.
13. _______________any flowers in the vase?
14. How many students____________in the classroom? 15. My parents___________some nice pictures.
16. _____________some maps on the wall.
17. ______________a map of the world on the wall.
18. David__________a telescope.
19. David’s friends___________some tents.
20. ______________many children on the hill.
用恰当的be动词填空。
1、There a lot of sweets in the box.
2、There some milk in the glass.
38
3、There some people under the the big tree.
4、There a picture and a map on the wall.
5、There a box of rubbers near the books.
6、There lots of flowers in our garden last year.
7、There a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.
8、There four cups of coffee on the table.
Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”
1. I_________ a nice puppet.
2. He_________a good friend.
3. They__________ some masks.
4. We___________some flowers.
5. She___________ a duck.
6. My father____________ a new bike.
39
7. Her mother___________a vase.
8. Our teacher_________ an English book.
9. Our teachers___________a basketball.
10. Their parents___________some blankets
11. Nancy_________many skirts.
12. David__________some jackets.
13. My friends__________a football.
14. What do you__________?
15. What does Mike__________?
16. What do your friends___________?
17. What does Helen___________?
18. His brother________a basketball.
19. Her sister_________a nice doll.
40
20. Miss Li__________an English book.
八、人称代词和物主代词
1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。
2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。
人称代词 物主代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
我 I me 我的 my mine
你，你们 you you 你的，你们的 your yours
他 he him 他的 his his
她 she her 她的 her hers
它 it it 它的 its its
我们 we us 我们的 our ours
41
他（她，它）们 they them 他（她，它）们的 their theirs
二.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________? ( you )
6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ? ( she )
7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________? ( you )
8. Show _________ your kite, OK? (they)
9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )
10. Are these _________ tickets? No, _________ are not _________. _________
42
aren’t here. ( they )
11. Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we )
12. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse. ( she )
13. 14. ( they )
15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. That is not _________ camera. _________is at home. ( he )
Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. Don’t touch _________. _________ not a cat, _________ a tiger!
_________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. ( she )
_________ don’t know her name. Would you please tell _________. ( we )
So many dogs. Let’s count _________. ( they )
I have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. I like _________ very much. ( he )
May I sit beside _________? ( you )
Look at that desk. Those book are on _________. ( it ）
43
22.The girl behind _________ is our friend. (she )
九、用am, is, are 填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they?
11. That ______ my red skirt.
44
12. Who ______ I?
13.The jeans ______ on the desk.
14.Here ______ a scarf for you.
15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.
16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.
17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.
19. Some tea ______ in the glass.
20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.
21. My sister's name ______Nancy.
22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.
23. ______ David and Helen from England? 24. There ______ a girl in the room.
45
25. There ______ some apples on the tree.
26. _______ there any kites in the classroom?
27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle?
28. There _______ some bread on the plate.
29. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 30. You, he and I ______ from China.
介词
基数词和序数词
基数词 序数词
1 one first/1st 第一
2 two second/2nd 第二
3 three third/3rd 第三
4 four fourth/4th 第四
46
5 five fifth/5th 第五
6 six sixth/6th 第六
7 seven seventh/7th 第七
8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen eighth/8th 第八
ninth/9th 第九
tenth/10th 第十
eleventh/11th 第十一
twelfth/12th 第十二
thirteenth/13th 第十三
fourteenth/14th 第十四
fifteenth/15th 第十五
sixteenth/16th 第十六
seventeenth/17th 第十七47
18 eighteen eighteenth/18th 第十八
19 nineteen nineteenth/19th 第十九
20 twenty twentieth/20th 第二十
21 Twenty-one twenty-first/21st 第二十一22 Twenty-two twenty-second/22nd 第二十二
23 Twenty-three twenty-third/23rd 第二十三
30 thirty thirtieth/30th 第三十
40 forty fortieth/40th 第四十
50 fifty fiftieth/50th 第五十
60 sixty sixtieth/60th 第六十
70 seventy seventieth/70th 第七十
80 eighty eightieth/80th 第八十
90 ninety ninetieth/90th 第九十
48
100 hundred hundredth/100th 第一百
归纳可数名词复数、动词第三人称单数、动词过去式的变化形式
一、名词复数
规则变化：
1) 一般在名词词尾加s，
① map—maps地图，bird—birds鸟，orange—oranges 桔子，bike—bikes自行车； ¬
2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es， ¬
box—boxes盒子，class—classes班级，watch—watches手表， dish-dishes盘，碟子，餐具； ¬
3) 以O结尾的名词后面加s或es ¬
① photo—photos相片 radio—radios收音机 zoo—zoos动物园 ¬
tomato—tomatoes西红柿 potato—potatoes土豆 ¬
4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i+es ¬
49
① baby—babies婴儿 family—families家庭； ¬
以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s ¬
① boy—boys男孩 toy—toys 玩具； ¬
5) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： ¬
a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs ¬
safe---safes gulf---gulfs； ¬
b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves ¬
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves ¬
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； ¬
c. 均可,如： handkerchief: ¬
handkerchiefs / handkerchieves¬
名词复数的不规则变化： ¬
1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth ¬
50
mouse---mice man---men woman---women ¬
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 ¬
如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 ¬
2）单复同形 如： ¬
deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ¬
li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin ¬
但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: ¬
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters ¬
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 ¬
如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 ¬
a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。 ¬
如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 ¬
51
4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： ¬
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 ¬
b. news 是不可数名词。 ¬
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 ¬
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 ¬
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 ¬
\"The Arabian Nights\" is a very interesting story-book. ¬
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。 ¬
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes ¬
若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers ¬
6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼 ¬
动词第三人称单数和名词变化相同。但是以“o”结尾的一半加“es” ¬
52
规则动词的过去式词尾变化有几种：¬
1．一般情况下加ed，如watched, planted, watered, pulled, climbed, picked。¬
2．以不发音字母e结尾的加d，如liked, moved, tasted。¬
3．以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加ed，如study——studied。¬
(辅音字母指:除了a、e、i、o、u，5个元音字母以外的21的字母)¬
4．以1个元音字母加1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed，如stop——stopped。
八、人称代词和物主代词
1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。
2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。一.填写代词表
二.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
53
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________? ( you )
6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ? ( she )
7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________? ( you )
8. Show _________ your kite, OK? (they)
9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )
10. Are these _________ tickets? No, _________ are not _________. _________ aren’t here. ( they )
11. Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we )
12. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse. ( she )
54
13. That is not _________ camera. _________is at home. ( he )
14. Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they )
15. Don’t touch _________. _________ not a cat, _________ a tiger!
16. _________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. ( she )
17. _________ don’t know her name. Would you please tell _________. ( we )
18. So many dogs. Let’s count _________. ( they )
19. I have a lovely brother. _________ is only
3. I like _________ very much. ( he )
20. May I sit beside _________? ( you )
21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _________. ( it ）
22.The girl behind _________ is our friend. (she )
九、用am, is, are 填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
55
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they?
11. That ______ my red skirt.
12. Who ______ I?
13.The jeans ______ on the desk.
14.Here ______ a scarf for you.
56
15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.
16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.
17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.
18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.
19. Some tea ______ in the glass.
20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.
21. My sister's name ______Nancy.
22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.
23. ______ David and Helen from England? 24. There ______ a girl in the room.
25. There ______ some apples on the tree.
26. _______ there any kites in the classroom?
27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle? 57
28. There _______ some bread on the plate.
29. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
30. You, he and I ______ from China.
词 语 练 习
一、介词填空
1、 the first day______ school 2、_______ the school playground
3、_______ classes 4、 _________ Wednesday
5、__________ a farm 6、 pull _________ carrots
7、 a lot _______ fruit trees 8、 live _________ a town
9、 ________ the weekends 10、_________ the sitting room
11、________ the 4th ______ November 12、 look ______ them
13、 _________ the playground 14、 _______ the school hall
15、 ________ New Year 16、 talk ____ his students ___ holidays
58
17、 _________ Christmas Day
18、 have a big lunch _____ my family
19、 dress _______ ________ costumes
20、 _________ September or October
21、 ________ his grandpa’s house
22、 _________ the Christmas tree 23、 ________ me
24、 __________ Mum and Dad. 25、 _________ English
26、 ________ Christmas 27、 play ________ lanterns
28、 ________ Christmas Day 29、 the names _______ the day
30、 a book ________ holidays
二、变复数
1.policeman 2.boy 3.sweater 4.family 5.bus 6.postman 7.box 8.pencil-box
59
9.chair 10. shop 11. locker 12. city
13. shelf 14. knife 15. sheep 16. people
三、用代词的适当形式填空。
1、There is a letter for ________ (her 、hers) mother.
2、That is _____ (she ) coat. The coat is red. ______ (its)is a new one.
3、Whose pens are these? _______(their) are ______ (we).
4、Give _______(he) a toy, please.
5、________(we) eyes are black. _______ (us) come from Japan.
6、Tim and Bill are twins. _______ （their）are from England.
_________ (them) parents are teachers in No 6 school.
7、Give the book to __________(I ).
8、These books are __________(we).
四、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。
60
sit swim read make
run write type go
watch clean cry wash
jump come study
用do does填空
1、_____ you ride a bike after school? Yes, I ________.
2、______ your sister like PE? No, she ______ not.
3、 What_______ the students have? They have some pens.
4、 How______ Linda go to school? She goes to school on foot.
5、He ______ not speak English. He speaks Cjinese.
6、 ______ they watch TV on Sundays? Yes, they ______ .
7、 My father and mother ______ not read newspapers on Saturday.
用一般现在时填空。
61
1、 What ______ he _____ (have)? He ________ (have) a toy plane.
2、 My mother ________ not________ (like) English. She _______ (like) Chinese.
3、 ______ you ______ (go ) to school by bus? No, I _____ (go) to school by car.
4、 Miss Wang ______ (swim ) every day.
5、 I _____(like) English . Tom ______ _______ _______(not like ) English.
6、 The moon ______ (go) around the earth.
7、When_____ you _______ (go ) to school? I _____ (go) to school at five every day.
五、写出下列动词的现在分词
sit swim read make
run watch sing do
jump come write type go
ski clean study stop say
cry wash
62
用进行时填空。
1、 I ____ _____ (read ) English now.
2 、 He ______ _______ (go) to the park now.
3、 We ________ ________ (have ) an English class.
4、 What ________ they ______ (do ) ? They _______ ________ (sit) in the park. 5、 My mother __________ ________ (clean ) the room now.
六、写出下列动词的过去式
sit swim read make
watch sing do write
type go watch clean
study stop is cry
wash jump come are
用一般过去时填空
63
1、I ________(go) to the cinema last Saturday.
2、 He______ (is ) ill yesterday.
3、 We _______ (have ) a lesson yesterday.
4、 What ___your uncle ____(do) yesterday morning? He _(read ) English.
5、 She ______ (clean) our classroom yesterday afternoon.
七、用动词的适当形式填空。
1、 My mother _________(wash) the plates in the kitchen every day.
2、 Please _________ (have) some oranges.
3、 It’s seven o’clock. I _______ (get) up now.
4、 School is over. The pupils can _______ (play) games.
5、 ________ you ________ (go) to school every day?
6、 Don’t ________ (run) in the school now.
7、 We ___________ (like) music. Now we _______ (sing)
64
8、 Let me ____________ (go) to the cinema.
9、 Mary, ________ you ________ (clean ) the table now? Yes.
10、 My hands are dirty. Let me _________(go) and _______ (wash ) them.
11、 Look, Miss White ________(have ) a English lesson. We _______(like) English.
12、 The workers _________ (want) some tea. They are thirsty.
13、 Listen, who _________ (speak) English in the park?
14、 The runners __________(run) every morning.
15、 I can ________ (listen ) to the radio on Sunday
第三章 介词
一、定义
介词preposition缩写prep.，又叫前置词，表示其后的名词或代词（或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句）与其他句子成分的关系。介词是一种虚词，不能单独在句中作成分。
二、介词的用法
1、表示时间的（at 、on、in、at、before ,after、by、 until、through、from、
65
since、within）
(1)at:用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。
at noon在午时 at night在夜间 at present目前
(2)on:用于星期，某天，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时，一律用) on sunday在星期天 on sunday morning 在星期天的上午
on march 8 在3月8日
(3)in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。
in 1999 在1999年 in november 在11月份
in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon在下午
过……后(未来时间)
i think he will be back in an hour .我想他一小时后就会回来。
i heard that she would be back in a month.我听说她一个月后回来的。
(4)before：在……之前
wei hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning .今天早晨，魏华在7点之前起床
66
了。
(5)after：在……之后
after that ,no noe should ever kill a seagull . 从那时起，任何人不得捕杀海鸥。
(6)by：在……前(时间)，截止(到)……
by the time i arrived ,she had already gone .
在我到达之前，她已经走了。
(7)for：达……之久(表示过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时，过去时，将来时连用，但是经常和完成时连用。
florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest .
弗洛沦斯常常工作24小时而不休息。
（8）during：在……期间
during the lifetime of one man ,north america and europe will more further apart by nearly two metres .
在一个人的一生期间，北美洲和欧洲由于漂移，其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。
67
(9）through：一直……(从开始到结束)
he ,who led the united states through these years ,was shot on april 14, 1865 ,at a theater in washington
领导美国度过了这些年代的他，于1865年4月14日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。
(10）from：从……起(时间)
the worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening .工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。
(11）since：自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
since that time ,my eyes had never been very good.从那时起，我的眼睛一直不是很好。
(12)within:不……超过的范围
he will arrive within an hour .他一小时内就人到。
2、表示地点（at、in、on 、under、over、above、below、near、by、between、among、around、around、in front of、behind、in 、into、out of、along、across、,through、
68
to、for、from)
(1) at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家 at 320 xinfu district 在新抚区320号
at the station 在火车站
(2)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
she will arrive in shanghai at ten .10点她将到达上海。
(3)表示地点方向的on ,under ,over ,above ,below
①on:在……上面，有接触面
on the table 在桌子上面
②above:在……上方
sometimes juliana could hear planes above the trees.
有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。
③over:在……正上方，是under的反义词
69
over these tombs ,they built pyramids .在这些坟墓上，他们建起了金字塔。
④under：在……下面，在……之内
the twin sisters put the basket under the tree .这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。
⑤below：在……下方，(不一定是正下方)
three thousand metres below her ,she could see nothing except the thick jungle .
3000米以下，除了茂密的丛林之外，她什么也看不见。
(4)near ,by
①near:近的，不远的(=not far)是的反义词,near还可以指时间，in the near future在不远的将来。
green’s lake was a small lake near his home .格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。
②by:在……旁边，比的距离要近
juliana walked by the side of the river for six more long days .
朱莉安娜沿着河岸又走了足足6天。
70
(5)between ,among ,around
①between:在两者之间
the differences between american english and british english are not very great .美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。
②among:在三者或者更多的之中
there are some american students among us .在我们中间有几个美国学校。
③around:环绕，在…..的周围，在……的四周
they arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it .
他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷
(6)in front of ,behind
①in front of :在……的前面
there is a car in front of the house .房子前面有一辆小汽车。
②behind :在…..后边
are there any cows behind the house ?房子后面有一些牛吗？
71
(7)in ,into ,out of
①in:在…..之内，用于表示静止的位置
there are four girls in the room.房间里有4个女孩。
②into:进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，通常用于表示动作的动作之后。如:come ,go ,walk ,jump ,run..
she took me from the hall into my classroom .她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。
(8)along ,across ,through
①along:沿着
go along zhongshan road and turn right at the second crossing .
沿着中山路走然后在第二个十这路口向右拐。
②across:横过(平面物体)
very slowly,the continents are moving across the face of the world .
各个洲在地球表面缓缓漂移。
③through:贯通，通过
72
the students walked through the gate with uncle wang .
学生们随着王叔叔通过大门。
(9)to ,for ,from
①到达……地点(目的地)或方向
where’s jack? he has gone to london.杰克上哪了？他去伦敦了。
②for：表示目的，为了……
do you know what he comes here for ? 你知道他为什么来这儿吗？
③from：从……地点起
how far is it from london to new york? 从伦敦到纽约有多远？
3、表示手段和材料的介词用
（1）with
①和……在一起
these plates keep moving ,like great ships ,carrying the continents with them .
73
这些板块载着各个大陆，像航船一样不断地漂移。
②具有，带有
a person with good manners is always kind and polite.
有礼貌的人总是和和气气，彬彬有礼的。
③用某种工具或方法
he could swim with some special swimming shoes.
穿着一些特制的游泳鞋，他能游泳。
(2）in:表示用什么材料(例如：墨水，铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着，声调特点时，不用with而用in。
what’s this in english. 这个用英语怎么说？
(3）by:通过……方法，手段
what do you mean by the word“island”？ “island”是什么意思
i prefer traveling by train .我更喜欢乘火车旅行。
4、其他
74
(1） of , from
①of 属于)……的，表示…..的数量或种类
it was beginning of the term .这是学期开始的时候。
②from:来自(某地，某人)，以….起始
she is a lady from canada .她是一位加拿大的女士。
(2)without ,like ,as
①without :没有，是with的反义词
she often worked for twenty-four without rest .她通常工作24小时而不休息。②like:像……一样
like many children of her age ,ding fang is a young pioneer .
像很多同龄的孩子一样同，丁芳是个少先队员。
③as:作为
they are carrying us as passengers.它们把我们当作乘客运载着。
75
(3)against:反对。靠着
everyone tried to fight against the locusts .所有的人奋力扑打蝗虫。
(4) about:
① 关于，各处，四周
nightingale wrote a book about nursing .南丁格尔写了一部关于护理方面的书。
② 询问某人，某物的情况或提出建议
what about your family ? 你家里人怎么样？
76
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容