2014高考英语阅读理解练习（4）及答案（解析）
C2 [2013·浙江卷] D
In 1974, after filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could get—a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey. My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen—teaching English.
School started, but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country. Was this rural area really New Jersey? My students took a week off when hunting season began. I was told they were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms. I was a young woman from New York City, who thought that “Make hay while the sun shines” just meant to have a good time.
But, still, I was teaching English. I worked hard, taking time off only to eat and sleep. And then there was my sixth－grade class—seventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me. I had a problem long before I knew it. I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher. I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word. The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.
In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior. So I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behavior would
disappear as I gave my students positive attention. It sounds reasonable, but the text evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem reasonable. By the time my boss, who was also my taskmaster, known to be the strictest, most demanding, most quick to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise.
My boss sat in the back of the room. The boys in the class were making animal noises, hitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines. I just pretended it all wasn't happening, and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions. My boss, sitting in the back of the room, seemed to be growing bigger and bigger. After twenty minutes he left, silently. Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.
I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying, but at my next free period I had to face him. I wondered if he would let me finish out the day. I walked to his office, took a deep breath, and opened the door.
He was sitting in his chair, and he looked at me long and hard. I said nothing. All I could think of was that I was not an English teacher; I had been lying to myself, pretending that everything was fine.
When he spoke, he said simply, without accusation, “You had nothing to say to them.”
“You had nothing to say to them，” he repeated. “No wonder they're bored.
Why not get to the meat of the literature and stop talking about symbolism. Talk with them, not at them. And more important, why do you ignore their bad behavior？” We talked. He named my problems and offered solutions. We role－played. He was the bad student, and I was the forceful, yet, warm, teacher.
As the year progressed, we spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations. He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths. In short, he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emerson's words: “The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.”
Fifteen years later I still drive that same winding road to the same school. Thanks to the help I received that difficult first year, the school is my home now.
55．It can be inferred from the story that in 1974 ________.
A. the writer became an optimistic person
B. the writer was very happy about her new job
C. it was rather difficult to get a job in the USA
D. it was easy to get a teaching job in New Jersey
56．According to the passage, which of the following is most probably the writer's problem as a new teacher?
A. She had blind trust in what she learnt at college.
B. She didn't ask experienced teachers for advice.
C. She took too much time off to eat and sleep.
D. She didn't like teaching English literature.
57．What is the writer's biggest worry after her taskmaster's observation of her class?
A. She might lose her teaching job.
B. She might lose her students' respect.
C. She couldn't teach the same class any more.
D. She couldn't ignore her students' bad behavior any more.
58．Which of the following gives the writer a sense of mild victory?
A. Her talk about symbolism sounded convincing.
B. Her students behaved a little better than usual.
C. She managed to finish the class without crying.
D. She was invited for a talk by her boss after class.
59．The students behaved badly in the writer's classes because ________.
A. they were eager to embarrass her
B. she didn't really understand them
C. they didn't regard her as a good teacher
D. she didn't have a good command of English
60．The taskmaster's attitude towards the writer after his observation of her class can be best described as ________．
A. cruel but encouraging
B. fierce but forgiving
C. sincere and supportive
D. angry and aggressive
【要点综述】 这是一篇感人的文章，作者历经千辛万苦获得了一份教师的工作，但由于初为人师，教条主义和理想化成了她教学的最大问题。有一天老板来听课，却看到作者对学生恶劣的行为置之不理，所以只听了二十分钟便离开了，作者感觉自己可能要失去教学的
工作。她虽然没有在课堂上哭泣而坚持讲完了剩下的课，但毫无疑问，这仍然是一堂失败的课。终于，老板告诉她问题的症结所在——没有真正了解学生。
55．C 考查推理判断。从全文第一段提到的“In 1974, after filling out fifty applications，…”推知，在1974年要想在美国得到一份工作是非常艰难的事情，所以答案选C项。
56．A 考查推理判断。从文章第三段的“I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher.”和第四段中的“In college I had been taught…but the text evidently ignored the fact…”推知，作为一位新老师，作者过于理想化和教条主义，所学知识和现实之间有很大的差异，这是作者的问题所在，由此可知A项为最佳答案。
57．A 考查推理判断。从文章第五段“Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.”可以推断出，当老板坐在课堂上听课，而我却对学生束手无策时，一种要丢掉工作饭碗的预感深深困扰着我，由此答案选A项。
58．C 考查细节理解。从第六段“I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying…”可知，令作者还有些成就感的是她终于顺利地上完了课，而且也没有哭，答案选C项。
59．B 考查推理判断。从文章倒数第三段“You had nothing to say to them…”推断知，老板认为作者没有真正地对学生发问，也就是说作者没有真正地了解学生，走近学生，所以学生们在她的课堂中表现很差，答案选B项。
60．C 考查观点态度。从倒数第三段中“He named my problems and offered
solutions.”知，作者的老板对作者非常友善，他指出了作者的不足并积极提供解决方法，由此可知他是一个很真诚并且给予帮助的人，故答案C项最佳。
(2011·福建卷，D)
Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed (展现) herself as she did nowhere else.
After the death of her second husband，Greek shipping magnate (巨头) Aristotle Onassis lacqueline's close friend and former White House social secretary Letitis Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career (职业) in publishing.After consideration，Jacqueline accepted it.Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life. She became not less but more interested in reading.For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publisher's editor, first at Viking，then at Doubleday, pursuing(追求)a latelife career longer than her two marriages combined.During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books.Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes.She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversation into a book ，The Power of Myth.The book went on to become an international bestseller.She dealt，too with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography(自传)，Moonwalk.
Jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations，but
she soon proved her worth.Her choices，suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself.In the books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.Her books are the autobiogaphy she
never
wrote.Her_role_as_First_Lady，in_the_end，was_overshadowed_by_her_performance_as_an_editor.However，few knew that she had achieved so much.
本文主要讲述Jacqueline在选择了编辑这一职业后所做出的成就。在这一行业里她的光芒甚至压过了她作为第一夫人的头衔。
17．We can learn from the passage that Jacqueline______.
A．became fond of reading after working as an editor
B．was in charge of publishing 100 books
C．promoted her books through social relations
D．gained a lot from her career as an editor
答案：D。推理判断题。由文章内容可知，在第二任丈夫去世后 ，朋友推荐Jacqueline考虑在出版业谋一职位，没有想到她在此行业取得了成功，即D项正确。
18．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that______.
A．Jacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as First Lady
B．Jacqueline's life as First Lady was more colorful than as an editor
C．Jacqueline was more successful as an editor than as First Lady
D．Jacqueline's role as First Lady was more brilliant than as an editor
答案：C。句意理解题。解本题的关键在于正确理解overshadow一词。通读全文可知，Jacqueline作为编辑取得了巨大成功，光芒超过了她第一夫人的头衔，故C项正确。
19．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Jacqueline's two marriages lasted more than 20 years.
B．Jacqueline's own publishing firm was set up eventually.
C．Jacqueline's views and beliefs were reflected in the books she edited.
D．Jacqueline's achievements were widely known.
答案：C。推理判断题。由文章最后一段信息“In her books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.”可知她的一些个人观点在自己编辑的书中有所表露，故C项正确。
20．The passage is mainly______.
A．an introduction of Jacqueline's life both as First Lady and as an editor
B．a brief description of Jacqueline's lifelong experiences
C．a brief account of Jacqueline's career as an editor in her last 20 years
D．an analysis of Jacqueline's social relations in publishing
答案：C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述Jacqueline作为编辑所取得的成就，故C项正确。
C8 [2012·浙江卷]
Below is a selection about some Guinness(吉尼斯) World Records.
Top 6 Unusual Guinness World Records
◆Fastest 100 m running on all fours
The 2008 Guinness World Records Day was, according to GWR，their biggest day of recordbreaking ever, with more than 290,000 people taking part in record attempts in 15 different countries. Kenichi Ito's record attempt was part of this special day. He is just another example of Japanese with “super powers”. His “super power” is to run with great speed on all fours. Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all
fours in 18.58 seconds. The Japanese set this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo, Tokyo, in 2008.
◆Most people inside a soap bubble◆Longest ears on a dog◆Most living generations
Did you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generations in one family? Seven is the answer.
The ultimate authority on recordbreaking mentions on the website that the youngest greatgreatgreatgreat grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung “aged 109 years 97 days, followed by her daughter aged 89, her granddaughter aged 70, her great granddaughter aged 52, her greatgreat granddaughter aged 33 and her greatgreatgreat granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her greatgreatgreatgreat grandson on January 21, 1989”．
◆Most Tshirts worn at once◆Heaviest pumpkin
46．Why is Kenichi Ito described as a man with a “super power”？
A．He set a good example to all Japanese.
B．He made record attempts in 15 different countries.
C．He set a new record for “Fastest 100 m running on all fours”．
D．He participated in the 2008 Guinness World Records Day activities.
47．Jeffries is the name of ________.
A．the owner of the dog with the longest ears
B．the grandfather of the dog with the longest ears
C．the present holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”
D．the former holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”
48．How many Tshirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on?
A．68. B．120. C．238. D．245.
49．According to the given information, which Guinness World Record was most recently set?
A．The record for “Most people inside a soap bubble”．
B．The record for “Most living generations”．
C．The record for “Most Tshirts worn at once”．
D．The record for “Heaviest pumpkin”．
【要点综述】本文是一篇应用文，主要向读者介绍6个不同寻常的吉尼斯世界纪录的情况。
46. C 细节理解题。从第一则纪录中提到的He is just another…super powers…Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours…知，Kenichi Ito创造了最新的最快的100米“四肢爬”纪录，所以选C项。
47. D 细节理解题。从文章第三则纪录中Mr. Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title…可以知道，Mr. Jeffries是前纪录保持者，所以选D项。
48. B 细节理解题。从第五则纪录中…The Tshirts weighed 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around Tshirt No. 120…可以知道Budiseli在穿了120件T恤后感觉有点困难再穿上T恤了，所以选B项。
49. A 推理判断题。从文章的纪录中可以知道，A项是2011年4月4日创造的；B项是1989年1月21日创造的；C项是2010年5月22日创造的；D项是2010年10月9日创造的，由此知A项是最近时间创造的，所以选A项。
C8[2012·四川卷]
Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.
Increased carbon dioxide(CO2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
“Predicting species’ reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology，” said the researchers of several U．S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Across all species, the experiments underpredicted the speed of the advance－for both leafing and flowering－that results from temperature increases，” the study said.
The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.
Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain,
using photosynthesis(光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.
So far, efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planetwarming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.
57. What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?
A．Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.
B．The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’ expectation.
C．Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
D．Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
58. We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that ________.
A．plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing
B．there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents
C．scientists should improve the design of the experiments
D．the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
59. Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because________.
A．they can prove the climate change clearly
B．they are very important in the food chains
C．they play a leading role in reducing global warming
D．they are growing and flowering much faster than before
60. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?
A．It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.
B．Its change will lead to weather extremes.
C．It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1900.
D．It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.
【要点综述】本文为科普类文章。文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前开花，
进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。
57. B 细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引导的定语从句上。根据“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted”可知，作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。故选B。A为次要信息。
58. C 推理判断题。第五段话“It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.”暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选C。
59. B 细节理解题。根据第四段“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。
60. D 推理判断题。从倒数第二段“…has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.”可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球变暖超过2℃，便会出现weather extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2℃的范围之内。故答案选D。
C2 [2013·重庆卷] A
The morning had been a disaster.My tooth was aching，and I'd been in an argument with a friend.Her words still hurt：“The trouble with you is that you won't put yourself in my place.Can't you see things from my point of view？”I shook my
head stubbornly—and felt the ache in my tooth.I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday，but the pain was really unbearable.I started calling the dentists in the phone book，but no one could see me immediately.Finally，at about lunchtime，I got lucky.
“If you come by right now，”the receptionist said，“the dentist will fit you in.”
I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car.But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist.What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice？Why wasn't he as busy as the others?
In the dentist's office，I sat down and looked around.I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried.The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice－cold one.
When I told her my fears，she laughed and said，“Don't worry.The dentist is very good.”
“How long do I have to wait for him？”I asked impatiently.
“Come on，he is coming.Just lie down and relax.And enjoy the artwork，”the assistant said.
“The artwork？”I was puzzled.
The chair went back. Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture，right where I could enjoy it：on the ceiling.How considerate the dentist was！At that moment，I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.
What a relief!
56．Which of the following best describes the author's feeling that morning?
A．Cheerful.
B．Nervous.
C．Satisfied.
D．Upset.
57．What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?
A．The dentist's agreeing to treat her at very short notice.
B．The dentist's being as busy as the other dentists.
C．The surroundings of the dentist's office.
D．The laughing assistant of the dentist.
58．Why did the author suddenly smile?
A．Because the dentist came at last.
B．Because she saw a picture on the ceiling.
C．Because she could relax in the chair.
D．Because the assistant kept comforting her.
59．What did the author learn from her experience most probably?
A．Strike while the iron is hot.
B．Have a good word for one's friend.
C．Put oneself in other's shoes.
D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
【要点综述】 作者牙痛难忍，通过电话簿寻医，大多数医生不能马上为她诊治。最后，一位牙医欣然同意立马诊治。作者对该医生的医术能力表示怀疑：别的医生都很忙，只有医道不精者才门可罗雀。但后来的事实表明作者看人的方式有问题。在该诊所，作者受该医生匠心独运的安排的影响，调整了心情，忘却了病痛，也明白了事理。
56．D 推理判断题。第一段中，aching, hurt及unbearable等词均描述作者的心境：
难受。
57．A 细节理解题。第三段最后两句说明作者对该牙医的怀疑：别的牙医均未答应立即施救，唯独该牙医欣然答应诊治，反倒引起别人对其医术的怀疑。
58．B 推理判断题。因为看见天花板上医生为病人绘制的美图，会使病人忘却病痛，因此作者感到释然而笑。该题干扰较大的选项为C，但坐在牙科医生的手术椅上不一定就能缓解病痛，故排除C项。
59．C 综合推理题。 put oneself in other's shoes为习语，意思为：使某人处于和别人相同的处境，即换位思考。牙医用天花板的美图来消解病人的苦痛，即改变对事物的认识角度，从而解决问题。
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