【2014高考英语综合能力测试题（2）】B
Should you be friends with your employees? I'm the type of person who likes to be friends with everyone. As I developed my company, I got to a point where I realized being friends with employees was hurting our business and our life. Here are the issues:
You'll naturally become closer friends with some people, but others will think you play favorites. When you promote people who are your
friends, how will the rest of the company view that promotion and how will that influence your team's culture and the people who are promoted? Even if the promotion is well deserved, other employees are unlikely to view it that way. You'll be considered as a manager who plays favorites. And, realistically, it's probably hard not to at least subconsciously (潜意识地) favor your friends.
Your friends treat you differently compared to your employees. You don't want your employees to necessarily treat you or company rules as casually as your friends would.
Your employees might find it easier not to be friends with you. Let's say you have an employee who works hard and doesn't have enough time for his or her family and friends. Do they want you as a friend? Probably not. It was easy for me to be friends with everyone when we had 25
employees. But it is much more difficult when we had over 150 employees.
Friends are equals. You'll make decisions that determine who gets specific tasks, compensation and other things8that are very important
to your employees’ future. That doesn't make you equals, and it creates a lot of problems for your friendship. Friends talk about work with each other. The last thing you want to do is to be involved in office gossip. If you're friends with an employee and that employee complains about work, what do you do with that information? If you do nothing, you're basically agreeing with what he
or she says. However, they probably don't want someone who will force them to deal with the problem.
31. What is this passage mainly about? A. How to make friends with employees.
B. Advantages of being friends with employees. C. Friendship between employers and employees.
D. Disadvantages of being friends with employees. 32. What can we learn from this passage? A. Employees are ready to be friends with employers.
B. It is necessary for employers to be friends with employees. C. The promotions of employers' friends are always not acceptable. D. Employers' friends are always more difficult to get promotions. 33. If an employee is one of your friends, he or she will treat you or
your company rules _________. A. casually B. seriously C. differently
D. the same as other employees do
34. Employers cannot be equals with employees because________. A. only friends are equals B. friendship is very complicated
C. their decisions may determine their employees' future D. the employees aren't the types of people they like
35. What's the author's attitude to being friends with employees? A. Agree. B. Disagree. C. Neutral. D. Indifferent. 【参考答案】31-35 DCACB
老板是老板，员工是员工，别以为老板跟员工交朋友是什么好事，那会存在许多弊端。
31. D。主旨大意题。由第一段中As I developed my company, I got to a point where I realized being friends with employees was hurting our business and our life.和下文的举例可知文章主要讲关于老板和员工做朋友的弊端。
32. C。细节理解题。由第二段中 When you promote people who are your friends, how will the rest of the company ...You’ll be considered as a manager who plays favorites.可知答案。
33. A。细节理解题。由第三段中You don’t want your employees to necessarily treat you or company rules as casually as your friends would.可知答案。
34. C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，老板和员工不可能身份平等，因为老板的决定对员工的前途有很大的影响。
35. B。观点态度题。根据第一段...I realized being friends with employees was hurting our business and our life.可知答案。 阅读理解
Hans was an honest fellow with a funny round good-humored face. Living alone, every day he worked in his garden. In all the countryside there was no garden so lovely as his. All sorts of flowers grew there, blooming in their proper order as the months went by, one flower taking another flower’s place, so that there were always beautiful things to see, and pleasant odors to smell.
Hans had many friends, the most devoted being the Miller. So devoted was the rich Miller to Hans that he’d never go by his garden without
plucking a large bunch of flowers or a handful of sweet herbs, or filling his pockets with fruits. The Miller used to talk about noble ideas, and Hans nodded and smiled, feeling proud of having such a friend.
The neighbors thought it strange that the rich Miller never gave Hans anything in return, though he had hundreds of sacks of flour, many cows and sheep, but Hans never troubled his head about these, and nothing
gave him greater pleasure than to listen to all the wonderful things about at his son, who felt so ashamed that he hung his head down, and grew quite the unselfishness of true friendship.
scared, and began to cry into his tea.
In spring, summer, and autumn Hans was very happy, but when winter Spring coming, the Miller went down to see Hans. Again he talked about came, and he had no fruit or flowers to sell, he suffered from cold and friendship. “Hans, friendship never forgets. I’m afraid you don’t hunger. Though extremely lonely, the Miller never came to see him then. understand the poetry of life. See, how lovely your roses are!” “There’s no good in going to see Hans while the snow lasts.” The Miller said to his wife, “When people are in trouble they shouldn’t be bothered. So I’ll wait till the spring comes when he’s happy to give me flowers.”
“You’re certainly very thoughtful,” answered his wife, “It’s quite a treat to hear you talk about friendship.”
“Couldn’t we ask Hans up here?” said their son. “I’ll give him half my meal, and show him my white rabbits.”
“How silly you are!” cried the Miller. “I really don’t know
what’s the use of sending you to school. If Hans came up here, and saw our warm fire, our good supper, and our red wine, he might get envious, and envy is a most terrible thing, and would spoil anybody’s nature. I am his best friend, and I’ll always watch over him, and see that he’s not led into any temptation. Besides, if Hans came here, he might ask me for some flour. Flour is one thing, and friendship is another, and they shouldn’t be confused. The words are spelt differently, and mean quite different things. Everybody can see that.” He looked seriously Hans said he wanted to sell them in the market to buy back his things which were sold during the hard time of the winter.
“I’ll give you many good things. I think being generous is the base of friendship.” said the Miller. “And now, as I’ll give you many good
things, I’m sure you’d like to give me some flowers in return. Here’s the basket, and fill it quite full.”
Poor Hans was afraid to say anything. He ran and plucked all his pretty roses, and filled the Miller’s basket, imagining the many good things promised by the Miller.
The next day he heard the Miller calling: “Hans, would you mind carrying this sack of flour for me to market?” “I’m sorry, but I am really very busy today.”
“Well,” said the Miller, “considering that I’m going to give you my things, it’s rather unfriendly of you to refuse. Upon my word, you mustn’t mind my speaking quite plainly to you.”
Poor Hans was driven by his friendship theory to work hard for his best friend, leaving his garden dry and wasted.
One evening Hans was sitting by fire when the Miller came. “Hans,” cried the Miller, “My little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself, and I’m going for the Doctor. But he lives so far away, and it’s such a bad windy night. It has just occurred to me that you can go instead of me. You know I’m going to give you my good things, so you should do something for me in return.”
“Certainly,” cried Hans. He struggled into the stormy night, and got the doctor to ride a horse to the Miller’s house in time to save the boy. However, Hans got lost in the darkness, and wandered off into a deep pool, drowned.
At Hans’ funeral, the Miller said, “I was his best friend. I should walk at the head of the procession.” Every now and then he wiped his eyes with a handkerchief.
16. “Flour is one thing, and friendship is another” can be understood as ___________.
A. “Different words may mean quite different things.” B. “Interest is permanent while friendship is flexible.” C. “I’m afraid you don’t understand the poetry of life.” D. “I think being generous is the base of friendship.” 17. From the passage, we can learn that Hans ___________.
A. was extremely wise and noble B. was highly valued by the Miller C. admired the Miller very much D. had a strong desire for fortune 18. The author described the Miller’s behavior in order to ___________.
A. warn the readers about the danger of a false friend B. show the friendship between Hans and the Miller C. entertain the readers with an incredible joking tale D. persuade people to be as intelligent as the Mille 19. What’s the main cause of Hans’ tragedy?
A. True friendship between them. B. A lack of formal education.
C. A sudden change of weather. D. Blind devotion to a friend. 20. From the Miller’s talk at home, we can see he was ___________.
A. serious but kind B. selfish and cold-hearted C. caring but strict D. helpful and generous 参考答案 16-20:BCADB
社会生活类---[201*·陕西卷]
Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family
and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos(纹身), nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can't judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover”
themselves in order to convey(传递)certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.
Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees(雇员)，because those people represent the companies to their customer.
As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of
wellqualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am openminded, I can't expect all our customers are.
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to
change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.
57．Which of the following is the newspaper editor's opinion
according to Paragraph 2?
A．People's appearances carry messages about themselves. B．Customers' choices influence dress standards in companies. C．Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated. D．Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.
58．What can be inferred from the text? A．Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview. B．What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies. C．Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates. D．Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.
59．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Employees Matter
B．Personal Choices Matter C．Appearances Matter D．Hiring Managers Matter
60．The author's attitude towards strange dress styles in the
workplace may best be described as________. A．enthusiastic B．negative C．positive D．sympathetic
【要点综述】又是一年毕业季，很多大学毕业生又要开始为寻找一份可以赖以生存的工作而奔忙了，但是，影响就业成功的因素很多，其中有一点就是面试时的着装。
57．C 推理判断题。根据第二段的首句可知报纸编辑认为有纹身或戴鼻环去面试的人应该受到公平的对待，故本题选C。
58．B 推理判断题。通读第三段可知本文作者的意思是：员工的穿着不再是员工的私人问题，而是影响到公司的声誉和发展的大问题。选B。
59．C 主旨大意题。本文大意是关于员工的着装问题，故本题选C。 60．B 作者意图题。根据本文后两段可知，作者不赞成员工着奇装异服，即作者的态度是“否定的”，故选B。
(三)
An “apple polisher” is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a bribe(贿赂), but is close to it.
All sorts of people are “apple polishers”， including politicians
and people in high offices—just about everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed.
There are other phrases meaning the same thing as “applepolishing”—“softsoaping” or “butteringup”. A gift is just one way to “soft-soap” somebody, or to “butter him up”. Another that is just as
effective is flattery, giving someone high praise—telling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is.
Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love to hear it? Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. In truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it.
We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But if we just lap it up for its good value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves.
Sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. A good example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got tired of listening to
endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣). They overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless might.
He decided to teach them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and
sat down. Then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery was.
1．Which of the following activities has nothing to do with “apple-polishing”？
A．A boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks.
B．An employee tells her boss how good he is at management. C．A knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers. D．A teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom. 2．What does the writer want to prove with Cromwell's example? A．Everybody can be an apple polisher. B．Cromwell was not a good apple polisher.
C．George Fox and his party were not apple polishers. D．There are people who don't like being applepolished.
3．Which of the following statements about flattery is TRUE according
A．Too much flattery can carry us away.
B．Flattery is too empty to do people any good.
C．Flattery can get you nothing but excessive(过度的) pride. D．Flattery is one of the ways to applepolished people.
4．Why did King Canute of Denmark and England take his followers to
A．Because he was sick of his normal life.
B．Because he disliked being overpraised any more. C．Because he wanted them to realize how wise he was. D．Because he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king. 5．Who does the author think that flattery can do good to? A．Those who are politicians or in high offices.
B．Those who lack confidence. C．Those who are really excellent. D．Those who think highly of themselves. (三)
【要点综述】本文论述了现代社会存在的一个普遍现象，人们往往为了自己的一点儿利益去送礼或者说一些阿谀奉承的话，当然有时即使这样做了也未必就能实现自己的愿望。
1．D 推理判断题。根据“An ‘apple polisher’ is one who gives gifts
to win friendship or special treatment.”可知，一个老师表扬学生并不是想得到什么好处。故选D项。
2．A 细节理解题。根据“All sorts of people are ‘apple polishers’，including politicians and people in high offices—just about
everybody.Oliver Cromwell，the great English leader，offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party，but failed.”可知，高
层的领导者也有拍马屁的人，可以想象每个人都可能是这种人。故选A项。 3．D 细节理解题。根据“An ‘apple polisher’ is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”和“A gift is just one way to ‘softsoap’ somebody，or to ‘butter him up’．Another that is just as effective is flattery…”可知选D项。
4．B 细节理解题。根据“The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣)．”可知国王厌烦了朝臣们的阿谀奉承，故选B项。
to the author?the seashore?5．B 细节理解题。根据“In truth，flattery is good medicine for most of us，who get so little of it.We need it to be more sure of ourselves.It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it.”可知，对于缺乏自信的人来说，奉承是有好处的。故选B项。
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