2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析
15时态和语态（二）
考点三 现在进行时
1. 表示说话此刻正在进行的动作。 1. — Hi, let’s go skating.
— Sorry, I’m busy right now. I _______ in an application form for a new job. （ 2014北京） A. fill
B. have filled C. am filling D. will fill
【答案】C
【解析】由时间状语now可知，表示说话此刻正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时。 2. Hurry up! Mark and Carol ______ us. (2013北京)
A. expect B. are expecting C. have expected D. will expect 【答案】B
【解析】由句意“快点，马克和凯罗尔正等着我们呢。”可知，应用现在进行时。 2. 现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话此刻动作并不一定在进行。
1. My washing machine _______this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. (2018天津) A. was repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired 【答案】C
【解析】由语境可知，洗衣机这周一直在修。表示最近一段时间主要的动作，可用现在进行时。 2. — I hear you ______ in a pub. What’s it like?
— Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind. (2011江苏) A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working 【答案】A
【解析】由语境可知，答话者现在在一个俱乐部工作，表示当前一段时间主要的动作，应用现在进行时。 3. 表示一个渐进的过程。
Online shopping ______ more and more popular in recent years． (2015北京)
A．becomes B．became C．is becoming D．was becoming 【答案】C
【解析】这里是现在进行时表示一个渐进的过程。 4. 表示将来。
D. has been repaired
\"The moment _____soon,\" he thought to himself, waiting nervously. (2012湖南) A. came B. has tome C. was coming D. is coming 【答案】D
【解析】这里是用现在进行时表示将来。
考点四 过去进行时
1. 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
1. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he_________.（2017江苏） A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 【答案】A
【解析】句意：他匆忙回家，一次都没有回头看是否有人跟踪他。表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。
2. She _______ someone, so I nodded to her and went away. （2014四川）
A. phoned B. had phoned C. was phoning D. has phoned 【答案】C
【解析】由语境可知，当时正在打电话，故用过去进行时。 3. —Did you catch what I said?
—Sorry. I ______ a text message just now. (2012四川)
A. had answered B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering 【答案】D
【解析】由时间主要just now可知，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。 2. 表示过去某个阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
1. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. （2018北京） A. is working 【答案】B
【解析】由语境可知，这里指在过去一段时间发生的动作，用过去进行时。 2.— I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. (2013湖南) —I’m so sorry. But I ______ my homework.
A. had done B. was doing C. would do D. am doing 【答案】B
【解析】由语境可知，这里指在过去一段时间发生的主要动作，用过去进行时。
B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
3. 表示过去将来。
1. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ________ until yesterday. (2014重庆) A. will come B. was coming C. had come D. came 【答案】B
【解析】由句意“詹姆斯刚到，不过直到昨天我才知道他要来。”可知，应用过去进行时表示过去将来。 2. We ______ very early so we packed the night before. (2013全国II) A. leave B. had left C. were leaving D. have left 【答案】C
【解析】由句意“我们第二天要早早动身，所以我们前一天晚上就打好了包。”可知，应用过去进行时表 示过去将来。
4. 表示过去打算做而没有做。
1. I ________ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. (2013江西) A. come B. came C. am coming D. was coming 【答案】D
【解析】由句意“我本来打算那天晚些时候来看你，却又不得不打电话取消了。”可知，这里表示过去打算做却没有做，故用过去进行时。
2. — Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night?
— I __________, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. （2010全国） A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to 【答案】C
【解析】由答语可知，本来要来参加晚会，结果想起来要做作业，所以没有来，故用过去进行时表示本来 要做却没有做的事。 5. 表示一个背景动作
1. I ________ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. (2017天津) A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove 【答案】A
【解析】when作“正在这时”讲，表示某个动作正在进行，突然另一个动作发生了。主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。
2. Jack in the lab when the power cut occurred. （2016北京） A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work 【答案】C
D. wouldn’t
【解析】when作“正在这时”讲，表示某个动作正在进行，突然另一个动作发生了。主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。
考点五 现在完成时
1. 表示过去发生的动作多现在造成的影响或结果，常和so far, up to now等时间状语连用。 1. I half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. （2016北京） A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read 【答案】B
【解析】由语境可知，已经看了一半，故用现在完成时。
2. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement_____ so far by the two sides. (2015天津) A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach 【答案】A
【解析】由时间状语so far可知，应用现在完成时。
3. Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. (2010山东) A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved 【答案】D
【解析】由时间状语up to now可知，应用现在完成时。 2. 常与for/since引起的时间状语从句连用。
1. The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ______ them since. (2014全国) A. sees 【答案】C
【解析】由时间状语since可知，应用现在完成时。
2. — I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? — Sorry, I the piano for years. (2012湖南)
A. don't play B. wasn't playing C. haven't played D. hadn't played 【答案】C
【解析】由时间状语for years可知，应用现在完成时。
3. His first novel ______ good reviews since it came out last month. (2011陕西) A. receives B. is receiving C. will receive D. has received 【答案】D
【解析】由时间状语since it came out last month可知，应用现在完成时。 3. 在in/during/over/for the last/past few years等作状语的句子中。
D. will have reached
B. saw C. has seen D. had seen
1. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. （2018北京） A. are growing 【答案】B
【解析】由时间状语in the past few years可知，应用现在完成时。
2. In the last few years, China ___ great achievements in environmental protection. (2015北京) A. has made B. had made C. was making D. is making 【答案】A
【解析】由时间状语In the last few years可知，应用现在完成时。
3. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ____ into at least ten different films over the past years. (2013北京) A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made 【答案】C
【解析】由时间状语over the past years可知，应用现在完成时。
4. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ______ sharply. (2013浙江)
A was increasing B has increased C had increased D will be increasing 【答案】B
【解析】由时间状语During the last three decades可知，应用现在完成时。 5. — Have you heard about the recent election? (2013湖南)
— Sure, it ________ the only thing on the news for the last three days. A. would be B. is C. has been D. will be 【答案】C
【解析】由时间状语for the last three days可知，应用现在完成时。 4. 在状语从句中用现在完成时表示将来完成。
1. We won’t start the work until all the preparations ____.（2014天津）
A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made 【答案】C
【解析】until引导的状语从句表示将来，一般用一般现在时，如果强调完成，则用现在完成时。 2. — When shall we restart our business? — Not until we ______ our plan. (2010四川)
A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished 【答案】D
B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
【解析】由语境可知，这里是说将来的事。答语是一个状语从句，应用一般现在时表示将来，若要强调完成，则应用现在完成时。
5. 在“This/That/It is the first/second/third…time + （that）…”句型中，从句的谓语动词用现在完成时。 This is the first time we ______ a film in the cinema together as a family. (2009陕西) A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen 【答案】D
【解析】在This is the first time + (that)…”句型中，从句的谓语动词用现在完成时。
巩固练习：
1．— Look! Somebody the sofa. — Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. A．is cleaning 【答案】C
【解析】答语可知，有人已经把沙发擦过了，故用现在完成时。
2. The church tower which ______ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored 【答案】D
【解析】由后一就可知，教堂重建还没有竣工，还在重建中，应用现在进行时；the church tower与restore是被动关系，应用被动语态。故本题应用现在进行时的被动语态。
B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．had cleaned
3. — I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? — Sorry, I the piano for years.
A. don't play B. wasn't playing C. haven't played D. hadn't played 【答案】C
【解析】由答语句意“我好多年都不弹钢琴了”可知，应用现在完成时。 4. His first novel ______ good reviews since it came out last month. A. receives B. is receiving C. will receive D. has received 【答案】D
【解析】由since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句应用现在完成时。 5. When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I ______ my mind.
A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change 【答案】A
【解析】but表示前后对比，现在已经改变看法了，故用现在完成时。
6. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it . A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated 【答案】D
【解析】句意：放学后我们去阅览室看书，却被告知阅览室正在装修。由句意及句中的时态可知，应用过去进行时的被动语态。
7. — Joan, what _______ in your hand?
— Look! It’s a birthday gift for my grandma.
A. had you held B. are you holding C. do you hold D. will you hold 【答案】B
【解析】由语境可知，这里表示手里拿着的东西，应用现在进行时。 8. — Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? — No, I ______ my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do 【答案】A
【解析】表示过去某个阶段的主要动作用过去进行时。 9. Hurry up, kids! The school bus _______ for us! A. waits B. was waiting C. waited D. is waiting 【答案】D
【解析】由句意“快点，孩子们，校车在等着我们呢。”可知，应用现在进行时。
10. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ______ one of the main pipes. A. had repaired B. have repaired C. repaired D. are repairing 【答案】D
【解析】由“供水临时被切断”可知，工人们正在修水管，故用现在进行时。
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