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2007年诺贝尔化学奖

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维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com for groundbreaking studies in surface chemistry.This science is important for the chemical industry and can 2007年的诺贝尔化学奖授予 了在表面化学方面具有开创性的 help US understand such varied processes as why iron 研究。表面化学对化工很重要,它 rusts,how fuel cells function and how the catlystas in our cars work.Chemical reactions on catalytic surfaces 可以帮助我们理解各种各样的过 程,如铁为什么生锈、燃料电池和 play a vital role in many industril operatiaons,such as the production of artiifcil faertilizers.Surface chemistry can even explain the destruction of the ozone layer,as 汽车催化剂如何工作等。表面接触 化学反应在许多工业生产中起重 要作用.如化肥的生产。表面化学 甚至能解释臭气层的破坏,因为在 vitl staeps in the reaction actually take place on the sur— faces of smal1 crystlsa of ice in the stratosphere .The 这个反应中至关重要的步骤实际 semiconductor industry is yet notaher area that depends on 上发生在同温层中微小的冰结晶 knowledge of surface chemistry. It was thanks to processes developed in the semiconductor industry that the modern -’‘‘ ’‘’-’-’-’-’’’’’’’’‘’‘’’、体表面上。半导体工业是另一个依 靠表面化学 知识的领域。 正是由 、、 ,、 , Notes: 1.catalyst催化剂 】催化的,接触的 ’ 于半导体工 业的发展.表 面化学这一 现代学科于 ●●-●●-●●●●●● ¨l √ 一 _ 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

.|.风云 人物 .|. science of surface chemistry began to emerge in the 20世纪6O年代便开始出现。格哈 1960s.Gerhard Ertl was one of the first to see the poten- 德・埃特尔是最早洞察到这些新 tial of these new techniques.Step by step he has created a 技术潜力的人之一。通过证明如 methodology for surface chemistry by demonstrating how 何运用各种不同的实验程序提供 different experimental procedures can be used to provide a complete picture of a surface reaction.This science requires advanced vacuum experimental equipment in order to observe how individual layers of atoms and molecules behave on the extremely pure surface of a metal and to determine exactly what ele- ment is admitted to the system 表面反应的全貌,他逐步创立了 表面化学的研究方法。这门科学 需要先进的真空实验设备,以便 观察金属极其纯洁的表面上各层 原子和分子的行为,准确确定何 种元素可进入该系 统。污染物对所有的 测量都会有妨碍。得 到这种反应的完整图 画需要很高的精确 Contamination could jeopardize the measurements.Acquiring a complete picture of the reaction requires great precision and a con— bination of many different experi- mental techniques. Gerhard Ertl has founded 度,还要结合很多不 同的试验技术。 格哈德・埃特尔 证明了即使在如此高 难度领域也能得到可 靠结果,从而开创了 一an experimental school of thought by showing how reliable results can be attained in this difficult area of research.His insights have pro一 vided the scientific basis of modelqq surface chemistry and his methodology is used in both academic research and the industrial development of chemical processes.Perhaps the most impressive individual work undertaken by Ertl involved proving the exact mechanism of the Haber~ Bosch process, a reaction vital to the chemical industry and the production of fertilizer.The process converts hy. drogen and nitrogen into ammonia using an iron catalyst. 个全新的实验学 派。他的真知卓见为 现代表面化学奠定了科学基础, 其方法论不仅用于学术研究.也 用于化学加工产业的发展。或许 埃特尔给人印象最深的工作是 验证了哈伯一博施方法的准确机 制,哈伯一博施反应对化学工业 和化肥生产至关重要,它用铁催化 剂将氢和氮转化成氨水。埃特尔 Ertl has also studied the oxidation of carbon monoxide on 还研究了一氧化碳在铂表面的 platinum,a reaction that takes place in the catalyst of 氧化反应,该反应发生在用于汽 clean exhaust emissions of cars. 车清洁排放的催化剂中。园 6.jeopardize[,d3epadaiz】危害 、 根据因特网资料整理编译 vacuum["vtekjuom】真空 ;_ j 5l 

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