I can‟t believe it. You‟re really taking me by surprise. In the dark 一无所知
I thought marriages have been decreasing steadily throughout time. I guess I‟m in the dark about marriage.
Under the impression 在印象中
A:I was under the impression that marriages lasted forever a long time ago. B: Don‟t worry, you‟re not alone. Many people are under that same impression. More often than not经常地
More often than not, the cause was the early death of either the husband or wife. A far cry (from)相当大的差异
Keep in mind that living standards, household and public sanitation and health were a far cry from what we have now. Go on 继续。。。
Many widows and widowers went on to remarry. Sit on the fence保持中立
In my opinion, both sides are correct, but it‟s hard to sit on the fence with an issue like this. Cut and dried 事先准备的，枯燥无味的
This is not a cut and dried issue. Let‟s take our time and take a look at what some of the experts say. Bear in mind v.记住=keep in mind Bear in mind that this is work in progress. scissors and paste剪刀加浆糊, 无创造性的工作
It is imperative not to turn your job into a “ scissors and paste” mosaic of other people‟s words and evidence.
skate over掠过, 滑过
That author is skating over the surface of the question. at all cost ( =at any cost)不惜任何代价, 无论如何
There is an academic tradition of avoiding the word “I” at all costs, as if using it jeopardizes academic detachment.
put forth放出, 发表, 颁布, 提出
Some zoologists and microbiologists have put forth a “Three R Solution” to this debate: replacement, reduction and refinement. At a time每次, 在某时 At one time 同时, 曾经 At times 有时, 不时 Left up to 取决于
Everything from the setting to the character descriptions is left up to the reader‟s mind, and therefore can be quite enjoyable. get hold of 抓住, 得到
As all of you know, all living things need resources to survive, whether for food or to provide shelter. Humans are just very good at getting hold of them. as to 关于, 至于
Do any of you have an idea as to what percentage of the world‟s important fish stocks are already overexploited? as if 就好像
It seemed as if the meeting would never end. The same goes for….对什么来说也是同样的。
If you catch fish faster than they can reproduce, there will be no fish for anybody to use in the future. The same goes for forests. carry out 完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行
this is how they learn new practical skills and they can practice them immediately while carrying out their chores.
Stay in touch with sb 与某人联系
I‟m sure most of you stay in touch with your friends using your cell phones. By leaps and bounds 飞跃地，非常快的
Mobile phones have come a long way since their introduction and have advanced by leaps and bounds in regard to technology. In regard to sth 与某事/物有关的 Regarding 关于。。。
Another controversial issue regarding mobile phones is whether drivers should be able to talk on the
phone.
hook up 勾结：形成某种联系或纽带
In Korea, many phones nowadays can even be hooked up to a small mobile TV. over time随着时间的过去,同样的：over the years, months Users of cell phones have also increased markedly over the years. back up支持
Scientists back up this belief because they have known for many years that radio waves can cause heating of the skin and affect cells in the nervous system. due to adv.由于, 应归于(后面一般跟的原因)
Due to these complaints, safety guidelines for working with powerful radio waves have been introduced.
They were unwilling to call the mobile phones “safe” due to the need for more research. as a result adv. 结果
As a result, the radio waves they emit are minimal. Although it is not specifically connected with any health issues, people are still concerned. by and large adv.大体上, 基本上
By and large, studies have shown that mobile phones do not place adults at risk, unless they are driving and talking on the phone at the same time. Place sb at risk 把某人置于危险 in order to +动词, 为了。。。
In order to satisfy critics who still think that mobile phones emit an excessive level of radio waves, the hands-free phone has gained support. rather than 与其。。不如。。
1、conj.（连接词）：Rather than holding your mobile against your ear, which increases your exposure to radio waves, you can now place it in your lap and still talk to someone with an ear-piece cable. 2. prep.（介词）= Instead of: The immune system plays the villain rather than the protector. Liken sth to sth把...比作
One gerontologist likened the disease to living in a room with no doors and no windows, no escape, no sense of time.
Be taken for granted被认为是理所当然的
In democratic societies such as America, Canada and Europe, freedom of speech is sometimes taken for granted, but is still held sacred by law. Relate to与。。有关系
The report relates high wages to/with labor shortages. In accordance with 与什么一致 He acted in accordance with his belief. as such adv.同样的
Each tornado is unique and as such they are never the same size but on average they are between 130-170 meters wide and can travel up to 90 kilometers per hour. in a sense 在某种意义上way out in left field.忽略了另一个领域 In a sense, welfare is correct, but your explanation is way out in left field. take a turn for the worse变坏, 恶化
The already gloomy public mood took a turn for the worse when the Soviets placed the first man in orbit in 1961.
Stand in the way of 妨碍,阻住...的路
Now that the masses are full of enthusiasm, the Ministry shouldn't stand in their way. as opposed to 与什么相反
Highly trained scientists and technicians were developing products based upon electronic devices as opposed to the tons of steel. drop out of
After dropping out of college, Smith turned a faltering airplane engine repair business into a stable business. make the best of make the best of – use bring into operation
This system has been brought into operation come to one's senses
We must make the best we can of the few natural resources we have.
We hope he'll come to his sense and correct his mistake. get rid of
Get rid of your dirty shoes
keep one's word
To our disappointment, they didn't keep their words lose one's temper
Men lose their temper in defending their tastes. take a chance
I know it's dangerous but I'll take a chance. take into account
When judging his performance, don't take his age into account. all of a sudden – suddenly
He burst into laughter all of a sudden. as a matter of fact
As a matter of fact , social customs vary in different parts of the world every now and then
Every now and then he would lapse into the local dialect. for the moment
This will serve the purpose for the moment heart and soul
We should serve the people heart and soul. 实副词
Hopefully, apparently, obviously, definitely, evidently, undoubtedly, indisputably, fortunately, regrettably, predictably, presumably, tentatively, provisionally, successfully, unsuccessfully, understandably, reasonably, justifiably, intelligently, intellectually, mistakenly, wrongly, erroneously, incorrectly, foolishly, ideally, imaginably, optimistically, pessimistically, miraculously, coincidentally, academically, theoretically, practically, pragmatically, economically, financially, officially, physically, psychologically, mentally, spiritually, culturally, historically, socially, commercially, mechanically, morally, ethically, politically, physically, outwardly, spiritually, geographically, technologically, psychologically, technically, superficially, statistically, intellectually, scientifically, remarkably, logically
1, From a cultural point of view, Singapore is composed of many different ethnic groups. Culturally speaking Singapore is composed of many different ethnic groups. 2, But we all know that in a lot of ways it‟s not satisfying in term of culture. But we all know that in a lot of ways it‟s not culturally satisfying.
3, We want equal treatment and equal opportunities, but we have a deep-rooted, illogical and romantic desire to be taken care of emotionally and financially.
We want equal treatment and equal opportunities, but we have a deep-rooted, illogical and romantic desire to be taken care in term of emotion and finance.
4, The consortium says it has never been a secret that the development is led by commercial, but the protesters feel that all the consultation is “merely PR”.
The consortium says it has never been a secret that the development is commercially led, but the protesters feel that all the consultation is “merely PR”. 5, He shot the woman by coincidence. He coincidentally shot the woman.
6, Tobacco addicts remain blind to signs that say “NO SMOKING”, which is hopeless. Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say \"NO SMOKING\".
7, The Chinese delegation urged the members of the Security Council to give serious consideration to the situation, which was justifiable.
The Chinese delegation justifiably urged the members of the Security Council to give serious consideration to the situation.
8, Making all children learn a foreign language will do nothing to help Britain in term of commercial.
9, It must work in a technical way and fulfill the needs of those who occupy it, but it must also… 10, The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been announced by the government, has been with us for a longtime．
11, Nevertheless, recent alarms about this problem caused wide public concern. This is understandable.
12, Sure, everyone wants to be comfortable in terms of money.
13, Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene, because they seem to be necessary in economy.
14, Yet it is apparent that millions of people who would never think of themselves as lawbreakers, as they are running the red light. The fact is painful.
15, Law enforcement cannot stand aloof, or it fails to assume its responsibility. 16, As long as I might have enough money, I would be going away. 17, Now, divorce has become accepted by society,
18, Crookshanks darted up first; he had pressed his paw to the knot on the trunk, which was evident because Lupin, Pettigrew, and Ron clambered upward without any sound of savaging branches.
19, Caught by a brutal force, Harry fell hard on the concrete floor.
20, It is justifiable that nonsmokers urge the government to take action to ban public smoking. 21, It is unusual that he was quiet at the discussion.
几个特殊副词 1， 2，
He is not old enough to be responsible for his deeds.
The teenagers are confident and courageous enough to contact the outside of the world so that their parents should encourage them to do so. 3， 4， 5，
The idea sounds too ridiculous to be accepted by the public. Children are too young to distinguish good from evil in front of them.
Until the date when the sea doesn‟t touch the sand, parents still learn to look up to the happiness of their children. 连词
1增补(Addition)
in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, similarly, next, finally.
Besides, another, For one thing … for another…, On (the) one hand…on the other hand
2比较(Comparison)
in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither…nor, be similar to, the same as, compared with (to)…
3对照(Contrast)
whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,
4因果(Cause and effect)
because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus, now that, as, thanks to…, therefore, so…that, such…that
5强调(Emphasis)
certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously,
6让步(Concession)
although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true, as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless
7例证(Exemplification)
for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration
8总结(Conclusion):
to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in conclusion,
9推断(Inference)
therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise
10时间和空间(Time and space)
afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of, now, at present, recently, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, next, finally, immediately, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment, from now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, when, while, as, during
1，双重所有格
a, an, some, any, no, another, each, such, several, which, what, this, these, that, those + 名词
＋ of ＋双重所有代词
（1）It is no business of yours.
（2）A friend of mine has gone to Japan.
（3）Compared to their parents, those friends of children‟s are more influential to them. 2,
反身代词
加强语气，不用by （1） （2）
We might ruin our homeland ourselves.
Modern parents would always like to do everything well for their children but encourage them to do it themselves.
（3）
I myself saw him do that.
3,
很好很强大的it
形式主语 （1）
It is unwise to give corporal punishment to children just because of some minor mistakes.
（2）
It is the only way of improving road safety to give severe punishment to driving offence.
（3）
It is still a heated topic whether children should be allowed to take computer classes.
形式宾语
（1）I find it pleasant working in the place where natural beauty is in my view. （2）Students find it not easy to pass the test that is coming next week.
（3）The solution makes it possible that local people continue to live in the region.
一、常用做插入语的副词
indeed， surely， however， obviously， frankly， naturally， luckily ， fortunately， strangely， honestly， briefly，otherwise; unfortunately，besides; first; second; especially; surprisingly，still，certainly，generally， personally， though， exactly，perhaps， maybe，probably， or rather
1. Luckily for you, I happen to have the key.
2. Strangely， he has not been to China Unicom. Still more strangely， he has not called me. 3. Harry liked this clock. It was completely useless if you wanted to know the time, but otherwise very informative.
4. \"It's not funny, Ron,\" said Hermione sharply. \"Honestly, I'm amazed Harry wasn't expelled.\" 5. He likes the country, especially in spring.
6. When he got there，he found，however，that the weather was too bad. 7. Dudley, unsurprisingly, yelled and sputtered worse than ever, trying to fight her off. 8. My father's bone, naturally, meant that we would have to come here, where he was buried. 9. Can you tell them at Hogwarts that the Dursleys have locked me up and won't let me come back, and obviously, I can't magic myself out.
10. it had been, most unluckily, Uncle Vernon who had answered the call.
二、常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语
true， funny， strange to say， needless to say， most important of all， worse still，sure enough，most important
1. Strange to say，he should have done such a thing.
2. Most important of all, he had to buy his new schoolbooks, which would include those for his two new subjects, Care of Magical Creatures and Divination. 3. True, it would be too bad.
4. Worse still, the lion could even carry off the baby in its mouth.
三、常用作插入语的介词短语
in sum， in short， in other words， in a sense， in general， in my view， in his opinion(judgment)， in conclusion， in summary， in fact， in the first place， in addition， of course， to our knowledge， to my joy(delight， satisfaction)， to their surprise(astonis hment， amazement)， to her regret (disappointment)， for instance(或example)， as a matter of fact，in a word; on the other hand; in one's opinion; in that case; by the way; as a rule，to one's surprise; for example; on the contrary，;in a way，for one thing; for another (thing)， as a result， in brief
1. The information is hidden inside the chosen person, or Secret-Keeper, and is henceforth impossible to find -- unless, of course, the Secret-Keeper chooses to divulge it.
2. In short, we should not stop halfway. 3. In a way, I think we both won in the game.
4. You can‟t wait anymore and you should, in other words，start at once. 5. On the contrary，we should strengthen our corporation with them.
6. Rude and unmanageable as he almost always was, Peeves usually showed some respect toward the teachers. Everyone looked quickly at Professor Lupin to see how he would take this; he was, to their surprise, still smiling.
四、常用作插入语的分词短语
strictly speaking， generally speaking， judging from…，generally speaking， frankly speaking; judging from/by; talking of，considering，putting it mildly
1. Frankly speaking, I don‟t like the job. 2. Painted white, we like the house better.
3. Judging from appearance, he seems to be a strong man.
4. Lacking certain working experience, the graduates could not easily find a job.
5. Generally speaking，the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. 6, Judging by his clothes，he may be an artist.
五、常用作插入语的不定式短语
to be sure， to sum up， to tell the truth，to tell the truth; to be short，to begin with，to be sure， to be honest/frank，to make things worse，to make a long story short，to speak of，to be fair，to sum up，to start with
１.To be frank, I don‟t quite agree with you. ２.That‟s a wonderful idea, to be sure.
３.To tell you the truth, I am not very interested in going to the show.
4. That‟s a good idea, to be sure!
5. To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay. 6. To sum up，success results from hard work.
六、代词词组
all the same，all told，all in all，as a result，that is (to say)，what's more，as above
1. His crew was reduced to twenty-four all told. 2. All in all, her condition is greatly improved.
3. All the same, I wish it was over for good or ill.‟ said Pippin. „I am no warrior at all and dislike any thought of battle; but waiting on the edge of one that I can‟t escape is worst of all. 4. He can‟t pass the exam，because he doesn‟t study hard. What‟s more，he isn‟t so clever.
七、从句
if so / not / any, if I may say so, if you don‟t mind, as you know, as you say，if you like; if you please; if necessary; if any; if convenient; as it happens
1. If I may say so, we know nothing about it. 2. This man, as is said, is good for nothing.
八、插入句
I am sure， I believe， I wonder， you know， you
see， that is， it seems， as I see it， what is important (serious)， I'm afraid， it is said，I know，I suppose，I hope，you see， what‟s more，that is to say，as we know，as I see，believe it or not
1. It will result in success， I suppose.
2. One day， it is said， Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.
3. Some animals only half-hibernate，that is to say，their sleep is not such a deep one. 4. I believe，China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later.
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