TEXT A
Words in action P20
1. 1. bound 2. appropriate 3. possessing 4. permanent 5. appointed 6. parted 7. had corresponded 8. gazed 9. notion 10. keen 11. preserve 12. grasped 13. figured 14. grounded 15. sensible 16. attribute 17. united 18. pursue 19. commitments 20. regulating
2. 1. distinguish between 2. checked up on 3. torn down 4. make a fortune 5. all of a sudden 6. lost track of 7. Casting an eye over 8. broke up 9. take pleasure in 10. described as 11. turned up 12. in so far as 13. is under arrest 14. pass on 15. as to Increasing your word powerP22
1. 1.arrival 2.trial 3. approval 4. betrayal 5. burial 6. dismissal 7. disposal 8. proposal 9. refusal 10. removal 11. survival 12. withdrawal
2.1. refusal 2. arrivals 3. removal 4. dismissal 5. survival 6. proposal 7. disposal 8. approval 3. 1. e 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. d Grammar reviewP24
1. 1. whichever tent you are not using now 2. whoever comes / come first 3. whichever / whatever condition our captain thought was the best 4. Wherever / No matter where I go 5. whatever wishes their child / children expresses / express 6. However disappointed / No matter how disappointed you may feel about the surroundings / environment / situation 7. Whoever breaks it 8. whenever he concentrates on a problem
2. 1. It is not luck but hard work that led him to today’s success. 2. Prof. Moen argues that it is energy that makes the world go round. 3. It was not until he had proved he was honest that he won the family’s trust. 4. It was clearly the headmaster himself who / that opened the door for me. 5. NONE ClozeP25
1) classical 2) notion 3) utility 4) ground 5) occurs 6) goodness 7) as to 8) possesses 9) preserve 10) bound 11) mirror 12) virtuous 13) commitment 14) moral excellence
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Translation P26
.1. The friendship grounded on common / shared interest does not break up easily. / It is not easy for the friendship grounded on common / shared interest to break up.
2. Children must learn to distinguish between violence and bravery / courage in computer games.
3. There spring up so many new things every day in the world that it is no longer sensible to expect a person to know / keep track of everything.
4. Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends; that is why there is what we call / is called \"the court of morality\".
5. Today’s culture is described as “fast-food culture”. Whatever they may be / are doing, people just pursue the greatest / maximum satisfaction within the shortest time.
6. As the saying goes, there is no such thing as a free lunch. If you want something, go and earn / work for it.
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2. As is commonly acknowledged / It is commonly recognised that humans are social animals. Bonded together in a community, we naturally expect to have friends. As to what friendship is, people have different notions / ideas. Some make friends for mutual utility. Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. However, a lot more people long for \"soul pals\"— those who possess virtues and with whom we can go through trials and tribulations together. Such friendships keep us away from greed and violence and encourage us to have the courage of our convictions. Such is what we call \"true and perfect friendship\".
The key to exercises in book3- Unit2
TEXT A
Words in action P50
1. 1. curled 2. minimum 3. clip 4. yielded 5. Given 6. awaiting 7. fascinated 8. affection 9. interact 10. haste 11. harden 12. grief 13. defies 14. glance 15. presence 16. lasting 17. via 18. acquire 19. manipulate 20. restraints
2. 1. let … loose on 2. fit into 3. hold on 4. state of affairs 5. in the course of 6. in vain 7. build … on 8. In short 9. grow used to 10. blame … on 11. reached for 12. give and take Increasing your word powerP52
1. 1. overcoat 2. overhead 3. overjoyed 4. overslept 5. overweight 6. overdue 7. overtime 8. overworking
2. 1. crush 2. attributes 3. fancy 4. bubbled 5. grasp 6. drizzling 7. labeling 8. yield 3. 1. We are short of hands.
2. I still have some money in hand. 3.Give me a hand with this box, please. 4. I often keep a dictionary at hand . 5. The football fans were out of hand.
6. Hand out the pencils to everyone in the class.
7. This ring was handed down to me by my grandmother. 8. Time’s up. Please hand in your test papers.
9. Please hand on the magazine to your roommates. 10. I’m afraid I can’t help you. I’m a green hand. Grammar reviewP55
1. 1. Sitting on the stairs was / On the stairs was sitting 2. Over the wall came / flew 3. Round the corner was 4. Then finally came 5. Under the table was lying 6. At / On the top of (On top of) the hill stood
2. 1. The beaver chews down trees to get food and material to build its home with.
2. Do your parents think Tom is a nice boy to go out with? (Cross out \" him\")
3. The goals for which he has fought all his life seem unimportant to him now. 4. NONE. 5. The essay starts by asking a question, to which the author then gives a positive answer. ClozeP56
(1) haste (2) state of affairs (3) distinguished (4) meeting of minds (5) blossom (6) inner charm (7) intimacy (8) emotion (9) acquiring (10) ideals (11) admiration (12) lasting (13) affection (14) forge (15) honor (16) overwhelming Translation P56
1. 1. In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum. 2. I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only
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to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all.
3. We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease.
4. Valentine’s Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect day to express love to the object of your / one’s affection.
5. In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous.
6. Love takes time, for it is not forged until you have grown used to the other’s company and learned to appreciate the other.
2. After dinner, we all sat around the hearth. Aunt Susan was still in the grief of losing Uncle Robert. In her soft voice she told us about their past years. Uncle Robert joined the army shortly after they were engaged. Given the critical situation at the time when lots of army men didn’t return alive, you can imagine how much overjoyed Aunt Susan was to see Uncle Robert come back safe and sound from the European battlefield. Then they got married and brought up five children. For all those years, their affection for each other grew stronger in the course of overcoming difficulties and hardships in life. I was fascinated by Aunt Susan’s story, which was totally different from my ideal of love. They practiced giving and sharing in their daily life instead of pursuing passion and romance. Amazingly, such love lasted through their whole life. The key to exercises in book3- Unit3 TEXT A
Words in action P84
1. 1. inform 2. evaluate 3. attractive 4. depression 5. leisure 6. Collective 7. decreased 8. spiritual 9. religious 10. temporary 11. scales 12. cultivate 13. suggests 14. purchase 15. inevitable 16. enable 17. reinforced 18. comparison 19. occupations 20. destructive
2. 1) work out 2) have a clear conscience 3) other than 4) fact of life 5) as a whole 6) relative to 7) point of view 8) in terms of 9) in part 10) took pains 11) in effect 12) serve as 13) Leave … with 14) wore out 15) better off 16) has a great deal to do with 17) from … derives Increasing your word powerP86
1. 1) 反攻，反击 2) 反要求；反诉 3) 对策；对付措施4) 对应的人（物），对手5) 产生相反效果的6) 抗癌的7) 防冻剂8) 防污染的9) 反对吸烟的10) 不合群的；反社会的 2. 1) decrease 2) ranking 3) concept4) suggest 5) central, key6) way, pattern7) aim, goal, end8) buy9) seek10) norm, criterion11) position12) total, amount13) short-term14) honest15) sort16) inevitable
3. 1. total 2. current 3. ideal 4. relatives 5. alternative 6. objectives 7. individual 8. maximum Grammar reviewP88
1. 1. was the law 2. could he free himself from feelings of guilt 3. will he now 4. have I faced so difficult a choice 5. are visitors allowed to feed the animals in the zoo 6. had we started lunch when the doorbell rang 7. she told me did I realize the mistake I had made 8. can you buy shoes like that 9. did he protest 10. I known what was going to happen
2. 1. Your picture / painting is far / much more beautiful. 2. If only I could do half as well as you (have done)! 3. The publishing house has produced twice as many books as it did last year. 4. We had to do more work for less money. 5. While people are richer in material wealth, their spiritual life is poorer. ClozeP89
(1) whole (2) However (3) part (4) In effect (5) derived (6) purchased (7) better off (8) take pains (9) necessarily (10) to do (11) comparison (12) relative (13) inevitable (14) serve (15) seek Translation P90
1. 1. For thousands of years philosophers have taken pains to illustrate / explain / interpret the meaning of happiness from their own points of view. 2. When I first came to college, I suddenly found myself left with everything to deal with by myself. It was not until then did I realize that living with my parents was truly a happy experience.
3. You shouldn’t always make comparison with others; otherwise, you may be trapped in / fall into depression, for there are always many others who are better than you.
4. Today people are much better off and enjoy more leisure. Strangely enough, they find life boring / dull.
5. Life, in effect, is long but short of excitement. You are sure to suffer from inevitable
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disappointment if you expect everyday life to be as exciting as a drama.
6. A life that is too easy / smooth may also be destructive because it offers no opportunity for one to learn how to deal with / handle failures / frustrations / setbacks. That / This in part explains / accounts for the high rates of suicide among young people.
2. Happiness must have much to do with money. After all, a hard life will wear out one’s sense of joy. However, happiness doesn’t derive from money alone. Today’s society as a whole has seen dramatic improvement in the standard of living, and the majority of people are decently fed and clothed. However, are people happier today? In fact, when the mass media and commercial advertisements are still reinforcing the notion that to be happy is to possess more, people find themselves longing more earnestly than ever for a happy and healthy spiritual life: being loved, respected, feeling safe and proud of realizing their self-value. As a wise man once pointed out, happiness lies in the positive attitude one holds towards life other than how much money one earns. Those millionaires who view life as boring and empty serve as good negative examples.
The key to exercises in book3- Unit4
TEXT A
Words in action P115
1. 1. indifferent 2. prejudice 3. appealing 4. rendered 5. threats 6. respect 7. isolate 8. sucked 9. infected 10. ignorance 11. namely 12. probable 13. reluctantly 14. applause 15. wept 16. issued 17. shelter 18. contracted 19. cheated 20. tolerated
2. 1. guard against 2. concern yourself with 3. make room for 4. bring … to an end 5. in the hope of 6. on the ground(s) that 7. at risk 8. set aside 9. As regards 10. cut off 11. Owing to 12. Carry on Increasing your word powerP117 1. 1) accuracy精确，准确（度）2) advocacy提倡；鼓吹3)consistency一致性；连贯性4) delicacy细嫩；精美5) efficiency效能，效率6) intimacy亲密，密切7) presidency总统等的职位8) privacy隐私；独处9) secrecy保密；保密能力10) self-sufficiency自给自足
2. 1. secrecy 2. presidency 3. consistency 4. efficiency 5. privacy 6. intimacy 7. accuracy 8. self-sufficiency 9. advocacy 10. delicacy
3. 1. justification 2. justice 3. justifiable 4. justify 5. justified 6. just Grammar reviewP119
1. 1. I can discuss the matter with you now if (it is) necessary (to do so). 2. When (they are) watching the World Cup, the students often cheer loudly. 3. Unless (you are) otherwise instructed, you should leave by the back exit. 4. Perhaps I could not write a best-seller and (I) will never be able to (do so). 5. In the accident the child was hurt and the mother (was) killed. 6. Speaking exercises one’s tongue, reading (exercises) one’s eyes and writing (exercises) one’s mind.
2. 1.1. to reach an agreement in such a delicate situation 2. the way he keeps changing his mind 3. that perhaps he was lying 4. to be asked to speak here 5. buying so much food when the children are all away
2.2.1. It is disappointing 2. I find it useless / pointless 3. It is not possible / It is impossible 4. They kept it a secret / kept it quiet 5. It is still not clear ClozeP120
(1) threat (2) at risk (3) infected (4) prejudice (5) isolated (6) contracted (7) shelter (8) grieve (9) along (10) pathway (11) issue (12) bring (13) evil (14) concern ourselves with (15) support Translation P121
1. 1) They took their sick father on a long journey to Beijing in the hope of finding a cure for / in the hope of curing his heart disease / problem.
2) The campaign of Knowing More About AIDS needs to be carried on, and for / at this stage the emphasis is put on the way (how) the disease is contracted.
3) If power is properly applied / used / exercised, the lives of the common people will be rendered happy. If not, their daily life will be placed under threat. 4) Could a government justifiably use nuclear weapons to guard against terrorist attacks?
5) Owing to ignorance of the disease, many people still believe that HIV victims deserve what they suffer.
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6) The newly issued report on improving the medical system in rural areas leads us to believe that the era is to be brought to an end when such areas are always short of doctors and medicines. 2. Retirement brings people’s career to an end. They find, all of a sudden, that they can no more / longer carry on the job they have done for dozens of years. Some old people cannot adapt themselves to such a change and thus become depressed, believing that they are no longer useful. Indeed, depression has become one of the leading threats to old people’s health. Nonetheless, many old people in China are able to maintain their sense of usefulness by rendering their grown-up children services, such as taking care of their grandchildren and providing allowances to them. The question remains as to whether senior citizens should try other means to fill up their leisure, rendering their later years still more meaningful. I suggest the old concern themselves less with their children and make room for young people to take responsibility for their own lives. After all, the old deserve respect from the young and the young should tolerate their aged parents more, on the grounds that the old have contributed so much for so many years both to their family and to society.
The key to exercises in book3- Unit5
TEXT A
Words in action P164
1. 1. associate 2. equipped 3. combined 4. emphasis 5. enlighten 6. phase 7. graded 8. commented 9. inspection 10. passively 11. rural 12. negotiate 13. indispensable 14. illusion 15. implemented 16. decline 17. reconcile 18. practically 19. residents 20. virtual
2. 1. so to speak 2. try out 3. in store 4. lend themselves to 5. turn my back on 6. in accordance with 7. crying out for 8. is … the case 9. step in 10. calm down 11. brought back 12. go after 13. reflect on 14. get out of 15. For want of 16. Oddly enough 17. in favor of 18. in turn 19. hit on \\ upon 20. to this end 21. calls for 22. brought about Increasing your word powerP167
1. 1. multimedia equipment 2. multipurpose furniture 3. a multifunction cell phone 4. a multi-storey car park 5. a multicultural curriculum 6. a multi-subject dictionary 7. a multi-channel television set 8. a multinational society 2. 1. e 2. g 3. a 4. h 5. d 6. f 7. b 8. c
3. (1) a. a virtual university b. an online counseling center c. a keyboard college d. an online chat room e. a virtual environment f. the electrically charged space g. cyberspace (2) a. a home computer b. tariff-free email packets c. the World Wide Web d. electronic bulletin boards (3) a. cyber education b. online degree programs Grammar reviewP169
1. 1. such a shy boy 2. such a well-written report 3. such a long time 4. so many people 5.so firmly 2. 1. before 2. when 3. until 4. unless 5. as ClozeP170
1) To this end 2) in store 3) indispensable 4) calls for 5) diversity 6) implement 7) In accordance with 8) emphasis 9) combining 10) in depth 11) equip 12) goes after 13) access 14) get … out of Translation P171
1. 1. Cultivating the right emotions is indispensable in that / because
it lays the foundations for the successes of one’s future work and studies. 2. West China is crying out for talented people for its development. To this
end, the government has laid down / made favorable policies, calling for more college graduates to go and work there.
3. How can you turn your back on me when I am in such difficulty? We have gone through trials and tribulations for practically half a century.
4. Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real world.
5. Urban / City residents often have the illusion that rural life is always leisurely and comfortable. In fact, that may not be the case.
6. Distance learning is a global trend. With its quick growth / development, people are given / can enjoy an equally convenient access to educational resources, no matter where they are.
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2. Scientific development has brought about global changes in educational thought. It not only generates such a new form of education as \"virtual universities\" but turns \"lifelong learning\" into a workable project. In addition, people today seem to be in favor of practical knowledge. But whatever changes there might have been, education must stick to its classic role: to enlighten learners. Confronted with the new problems of this century, we still expect that education should put more emphasis on cultivating learners' competence to think critically and to work collaboratively / with team spirit. Furthermore, we hope that education will take the responsibility of promoting traditional virtues by guiding learners to dispense with negative desires like greed, lust and violence.
The key to exercises in book3- Unit6
TEXT A
Words in action P196
1. 1. proof 2. slice 3. efficiency 4. capacity 5. abroad 6. symbol 7. invitations 8. dictate 9. proceeded 10. splashes 11. tender 12. resist 13. flavor 14. familiarity 15. transmitted 16. tremendous 17. cure 18. slippery 19. funeral 20. transplanted
2. 1. help yourself to 2. a fish out of water 3. due to 4. from head to toe 5. orient myself to 6. as such 7. on the … side 8. by means of 9. build up 10. win … over 11. identify themselves with 12. get over 13. enter into 14. opening up 15. resulted from 16. held our breath Increasing your word powerP198
1. 1)互联网 2)（使）连锁；（使）相互扣住3)面谈，面试4)（使）相互关联5)交换，互换6)交往；沟通7)互相连接8)互相依赖9)城际列车10)洲际旅行11)国际航班12)人际关系13)校际合作14)班际足球比赛
2. 1. charged 2. condemn 3. scold 4. blame 5. accused of 6. condemned 7. blames 8. criticized 3. 1. boil 2. steamed 3. fried 4. bake 5. roasted 6. preserved 7. grilled 8. stew Grammar reviewP201
1. 1. The announcement was followed by a not unexpected silence. 2. Exhausted and hungry, she could not walk without my help. 3. There's nobody who makes no mistakes in his lifetime. 4. You can't search my house without a warrant.
5. A life lived without dreams can't be as rich and rewarding as life can be.
6. The American West is a region where farming is impossible / not possible without irrigation. 2. 1. The longer I am at this job, the happier I am. 2. The more risky it is, the more I like it. 3. The sooner you start, the easier / sooner you'll finish it. 4.
The more people you know, the less time you'll spend with them. 5. The more you learn, the less you find you know. ClozeP202
(1) transplanted (2) cues (3) tendency (4) frustration (5) attributed (6) cures (7) capacity (8) built up (9) by means of (10) due to (11) orient … to (12) get over (13) opens up (14) In addition Translation P203
1. 1. As a proof of our hospitality, we Chinese will repeatedly ask our guests to help themselves to the dishes on the table.
2. It is by means of listening to what people say and observing how they behave that we’ve strengthened our own capacity to learn about / understand society.
3. One’s sense of safety comes from familiarity with the environment; so people have the tendency to resist or avoid new situations.
4. We tend to show prejudice against or even hostility towards people from a certain region, which can be attributed to the fact that we are unfamiliar with them.
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5. I believe it is polite to decline directly, while my parents seldom say “No” so as not to embarrass others.
6. There are two means to build up knowledge: to get it personally or by second-hand experience. Reading, which opens up a new world of different cultures for us, belongs to second-hand experience.
2. Once transplanted abroad, people will feel anxious and even lose the capacity to deal with daily routines. This problem is attributed to the disappearance of the surroundings we have been used to. Then, what should we do so as to change the life styles and patterns built up in us over so many years? First, we should be more tolerant towards people with cultural backgrounds different from ours. To get over frustrations caused by culture shock, we should try to adapt ourselves to the new environment and get along with our workmates harmoniously. Furthermore, we should never identify a person with the nationality he represents or proceed to hate the person’s culture only because we don’t like him. In fact, to preserve our national culture is not to resist foreign ones.
The key to exercises in book3- Unit7
TEXT A
Words in action P229
1. 1. narrowly 2. governs 3. features 4. crawl 5. spun 6. flashed 7. have witnessed 8. shedding 9. injuring 10. consultant 11. compete 12. original 13. conquered 14. barrier 15. confessed 16. tripped 17. limp 18. champion 19. dynamic 20. version
2. 1. capitalized on 2. headed for 3. came in 4. rose to their feet 5. brought up 6. like crazy 7. in the name of 8. on their behalf 9. fill in for 10. in an emergency 11. dozens of 12. abide by 13. is … taking shape 14. contrast … with 15. bring out 16. put in / squeeze in 17. squeeze in Increasing your word powerP232
1. 1. restless 2. homeless 3. pointless 4. countless 5. fadeless 6. harmless 2. 1. of 2. to 3. in 4. for 5. of 6. to / for 7. to 8. on 3. (1) Events: 1. dash 2. discus 3. figure skating 4. freestyle 5. hurdles 6. race (2) Competitors: 1. athlete 2. boxer 3. contender 4. cyclist 5. discus thrower 6. gymnast 7. Olympian 8. runner 9. skater 10. sprinter 11. swimmer (3) Places, equipment, etc.:1. barrier 2. gym 3. luge 4. podium 5. rink 6. skate 7. sled 8. stand 9. track Grammar reviewP233
1. 1. Football, his only hobby in life, has brought him many friends. 2. The President of the company, Mrs. Jones, held a press conference after the board meeting. 3. The question whether to confess or not has been troubling little Tom. 4. You should not have any doubt about the fact that the criminal has been arrested. 5. The news was immediately spread far and wide that Beijing had won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.
2. 1. No, he didn't come to help, but to hinder us. 2. It is not the players, but the supporters that are responsible for football hooliganism. 3. No, their intent is not to catch all speeders but to catch enough to give them a warning. 4. I'm not only willing, but (also) eager to join the volunteer team for the World Cup. 5. No. He translates into English not only from French, but (also) from Polish. 6. Because its appeal lies not only in its story but also in the ethical issues it raises. ClozeP235
(1) took shape (2) take part (3) triumph (4) conquered (5) feature (6) come in (7) champion (8) To this end (9) squeeze in (10) bring out (11) on behalf of (12) mount (13) witnessed Translation P235
1. Against the white background, the Olympic flag features five interlinked colour circles, representing the five continents.
2. He narrowly missed the gold medal by 0.02 seconds. Those who had witnessed the race could not help giving a sigh.
3. Long-distance race is a hard test on tolerance . The athletes shed not only sweat, but also tears, and even blood.
4. Having tripped over another athlete's foot, he fell down on the track, but he soon rose to his feet and limped to the finish line.
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5. The original version of the story goes like this (Or: As the original
version of the story goes), the assistant coach rose to fame / became famous overnight by leading his team to conquer Cuba.
6. Some sportsmen confessed that they had taken dope in the name of
improving / enhancing performance, and that their coaches showed no disagreement with such illegal acts.
2. The Olympic Games are universally recognized not only as a spectacular gathering of top athletes, but also as a moment of rejoicing for billions of spectators. The Games took shape in ancient Greece, where wars were not infrequent between cities. But once the Games started, the wars were immediately brought to a halt. In the modern world the Olympic Games still symbolize peace. So far, the Olympics have developed into the biggest international sports event, with an increasing number of sportsmen competing on behalf of more and more nations. Though only dozens of, or at most hundreds of, athletes finally become champions in one Olympics, participation itself means triumph for all the athletes. They all deserve applause because they have overcome numerous barriers before they can finally take part in such a big gathering. The Olympic motto inspires every athlete in every event to challenge human physical limits. While doing so, they abide by the rules and pay due respect to the referees / judges. Such extraordinary and fair competition best brings out true sportsmanship.
The key to exercises in book3- Unit8
TEXT A
Words in action P259
1. 1. stimulated 2. nourishing 3. rivals 4. defects 5. enhance 6. scarce 7. prosperous 8. reserved 9. boost 10. distributing 11. accompanying 12. property 13. undermine 14. bid 15. regulations 16. parallels 17. harmonious 18. retire 19. lobbying 20. coordinate
2. 1. On the contrary 2. on (your) guard against 3. as a result of 4. take … lightly 5. working on 6. subjected to 7. Leaving aside 8. all manner of 9. in exchange for 10. it … follow that 11. in combination with 12. beaten up 13. pull together 14. at the expense of Increasing your word powerP261
1. 1. relationship 2. courtship 3. leadership 4. apprenticeship 5. friendship 6. dealership(s) 7. championship 8. sportsmanship
2. 1. as 2. to 3. for 4. for 5. at / in 6. from 7. for 8. with
3. 1)工友，同事2)竞争的商行3)交响乐团4)毛料/羊毛大衣5)消费者的权利6)进口限制7)市场价格8)优质的供应品9)商业合作10)政府调控 Grammar reviewP263
1. 1. \"why they fall in and out of friendship quickly\" is the predicative. 2. \" What I touched \" is the subject. 3. a) \"that others will carry on what I can no longer do\" is the object to the verb \"know\". b) \"what I can no longer do\" is the object to the phrasal verb \"carry on\". c) \"that what was possible has been done\" is the appositive to the noun \"thought\". d) \"what was possible\" is the subject of the appositive clause. 4. a) \"that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old\" is the object clause of the verb \"believe\". b) \"that she was growing old\" is the object clause of the verb \"notice\". 5. \"whether you are black or white, male or female\" is the object to the verb \"ask\". 6. \"Where I teach\" is the subject. 7. a) \"what they habitually talk about\" is the object to the preposition \"by\". b) \"how they allocate their time and money\" is the other object to the preposition \"by\". 8. \"whatever effort is necessary\" is the object to the verb \"make\".
2. 1. where 2. what 3. whoever 4. Whether 5. which / what 6. why 7. whether / if
3．1. It takes 10 minutes to get there on foot. 2. It is impossible for us to catch the first bus. 3. What to do next has not been decided yet. / It has not been decided yet what to do next. 4. Spending too much time on computer games has affected his studies. 5. Not having enough people to do the job is our major problem at present. ClozeP265
1) intentions 2) as a result of 3) inconsiderate 4) conscious 5) hurt 6) reserve 7) on guard against 8) Instead of 9) defects 10) stimulate 11) positive 12) nourishes 13) discouragement 14) accompanied Translation P265
1. Those who suppose they possess more privileges tend to have feelings of superiority.
2. High tariffs and an anti-dumping policy will undermine the competitive edge of the foreign products in the domestic market.
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3. If all the departments can be well coordinated and all of us pull together for the common good, we are bound / sure to succeed.
4. To be on guard against theft, the school has issued regulations
specifying the duties of the door keepers / guards / janitors. 5. Good
manners are always appreciated. It follows that good manners will enhance your chances of making friends with other people.
6. Punctuation marks should not be taken lightly ; sometimes the use of a wrong punctuation mark can literally change / alter the meaning of a sentence.
2. In the modern society, how does competition work in combination with cooperation? Firstly, scarcity leads to competition. Players of the same football team compete for slots on the team, and this team competes against other teams for victory. In a work place, colleagues compete for higher positions. And also in business, firms become rivals for more consumers and a bigger market share. But meanwhile competition is inseparable from cooperation. Players have to cooperate efficiently with one another to win the championships for their team. Colleagues have to cooperate to accomplish their shared task. Firms try their best to cooperate to lobby the agencies of business administration for the greatest privileges. All in all, individuals as well as teams are subjected to both competition and cooperation. The two together nourish the social development so that we can enjoy a more prosperous and harmonious world.
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