UNIT 1 NEVER GIVE IN, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER
I. Words and expressions
at your Head Master’s kind invitation at: in response to
Collocation: at one’s invitation/request/suggestion, etc. e.g. A meeting was arranged at the ambassador’s request. At my suggestion, Mrs. Carey wrote to her former employer. Translation:
应胡锦涛主席之邀，美国总统将对中国进行国事访问。
Answer: At the invitation of President Hu Jintao, President of the United States will pay a state visit to China.
catastrophic: a. involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering Synonym: disastrous
Collocation: catastrophic floods/losses/effects/results Derivation: catastrophe n.
ups and downs: a mixture of good things and bad things
e.g. Sitting beside the window, he recalled the ups and downs of his parenthood. Translation:
从1999年建立以来，公司历经盛衰浮沉。
Answer: The organization has experienced its ups and downs since it was founded in 1999.
position: situation at a particular time Synonym: situation
e.g. It is time those companies revealed more about their financial position.
Their soccer team is going to be in a very difficult position if nothing particular shows up.
throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago: recollecting our meeting at Harrow School ten months ago
e.g. Please throw your mind back to 1945, when people all over the world were engaged in a great war against the Fascists.
meet with: experience; undergo
e.g. Attempts to find civilian volunteers have met with embarrassing failure.
Efforts to put the Russian space programme into market have met with little success. She was worried that he might have met with an accident.
... imagination makes things out far worse ...: ... what one imagines tends to be worse than reality ... make out: see or understand
e.g. How do you make that out (= what are your reasons for thinking that)? [+ wh-] I can’t make out what she wants. Paraphrase:
I can’t make out how to put it back.
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Answer: I don’t know/understand how to put it back.
far-reaching: a. having important and widely applicable effects or implications Collocation: far-reaching consequences/implications/changes/reforms e.g. The consequences of the decision will be far-reaching. They decided to carry on far-reaching constitutional reforms.
conviction: n.
a strong opinion or belief
Collocation: political/moral convictions
e.g. She was motivated by deep religious convictions. In face of difficulty, he held a conviction that all would be well in the end. [U] the feeling or appearance of believing sth. strongly or of being sure about it e.g. He said he agreed but his voice lacked conviction.
The leader’s speech in defense of the policy didn’t carry much conviction.
yield: v.
yield (to sth./sb.): (formal or literary) give up control (of) Synonym: surrender
e.g. After a long siege, the town was forced to yield. He reluctantly yielded to their demands.
If the newly founded regime does not yield, it should face sufficient military force to ensure its certain defeat. I yielded to temptation and had a chocolate bar. Paraphrase:
Never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. Answer: Never give in or surrender to the seemingly strong enemy.
overwhelming: a. very great in amount
e.g. The evidence against him was overwhelming.
She had the almost overwhelming desire to tell him the truth. Translation:
压倒性的大多数表决反对这个提议。
Answer: An overwhelming majority voted against the proposal. Derivation:
overwhelm: v. defeat or make powerless (usu. a group of people) by much greater force of numbers; e.g. to overwhelm the opposing army
persevere: v. continue in a course of action even in the face of difficulty or with little or no indication of success Collocation: persevere (in sth. / in doing sth.); persevere (with sth./sb.)
e.g. Despite a number of setbacks, they persevered in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon. She persevered with her violin lessons.
Derivations: persevering a.; perseverance n.
compliment: v. politely congratulate or praise (sb.) for sth.
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Collocation: compliment sb. (on sth.)
e.g. She complimented him on his excellent German. Comparison: compliment & complement
These words have similar spellings but completely different meanings. If you compliment someone, you say something very nice to them.
If one thing complements another, the two things work or look better because they are together. Blank filling:
The different flavors ___ each other perfectly. She ___ me on my English.
(Answer: A. complement; B. complimented)
venture to do sth.: be brave enough to say sth.
Collocation: venture sth.; venture to do sth.; venture + speech; venture that … e.g. She hardly dared to venture an opinion. She would never venture to ask for a raise. “And if I say no?” she ventured. Translation:
我小心翼翼地说她可能犯了个错误。
Answer: I ventured to suggest that she might have made a mistake.
III. Sentences
… you are beginning to feel impatient that there has been this long lull … (Paragraph 1) Paraphrase:
You are beginning to be anxious because there has been no progress of the war in such a long quiet period.
… appearances are often very deceptive … (Paragraph 3) Paraphrase:
Surface phenomena tend to be misleading.
… but then they must also pray to be given that extra courage to carry this far-reaching imagination (Paragraph 4) Paraphrase:
They wish to be equipped with excessive courage to accomplish or realize this effective and influential blueprint.
... our account was closed ... (Paragraph 4) Rhetorical device and explanation:
Here the author uses a metaphor of “opening/closing a bank account” to mean that Britain is regarded by many as doomed and completely defeated by the enemy. The word “liquidated” in the next sentence implies the same. Originally, it means to close a business and sell everything it owns, usually in order to pay money that is owed.
Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge across her slate. But instead our country stood in the gap. (Paragraph 5) Explanation:
This sentence uses metaphor for rhetorical effects. It means that, although it was believed our country had been virtually wiped out, we were in fact still holding out and shouldered the responsibility in isolation.
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draw a sponge across her slate: a metaphor, meaning to completely wipe out
stand in the gap: to expose one’s self for the protection of sth., to take the place of a fallen defender
e.g. At the critical moment of world economic recession, a powerful government is needed to stand in the gap.
... we have only to persevere to conquer. (Paragraph 5) Paraphrase:
We have no choice but to hold on until victory comes. Translation:
我们别无选择，只有坚持不懈，直到胜利。
I. Vocabulary
1． Word derivation
1) catastrophe n. → catastrophic a. → catastrophically ad.
① 那场地震是个大灾难，夺去了许多人的生命。
The earthquake was a major catastrophe, causing heavy loss of life. ② 战争的灾难性后果很快显现出来。
The catastrophic consequences of the war soon unfolded. ③ 关键时刻，预警系统灾难性地崩溃了。
The Warning System catastrophically collapsed at that critical moment. 2) deceive v. → deceptive a. → deceptively ad. → deception n.
① 他们骗她在文件上签了字。
They deceived her into signing the paper. ② 外表往往是靠不住的。
Appearances can often be deceptive．
③ 房子从外面看起来很小（实际上很大）。 The house looks deceptively small from the outside. ④ 他通过欺骗手段获取了那片资产。 He obtained that property by deception. 3) convict v. → conviction n.
① 他被判犯有谋杀罪。 He was convicted of murder.
② 她是一个道德信念坚定的女子。 She is a women of strong moral convictions. 4) apparent a. → apparently ad.
① 今年的利润表面上有所增加，是因为出售了公司的一部分财产。
The apparent improvement in this year’s profits is due to the selling off of some of the company’s property. ② 看来他们要提高电费了。
Apparently, they are intending to put up the price of electricity. 5) persevere v. → persevering a. → perseverance n.
① 如果你把工作坚持下去，最终会取得成功的。
If you persevere with your work, you will succeed in the end. ② 玛丽是一位锲而不舍的学生。 Mary is a persevering student.
③ 他学得慢，但面对困难却表现出坚忍不拔的毅力。
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He is slow to learn, but shows great perseverance in the face of difficulty. 6) desperate a. → desperately ad. → desperation n.
① 国家正遭受严重的食物短缺。
The country is suffering from a desperate shortage of food. ② 因为缺乏食物，他病得奄奄一息。
Due to the lack of food, he became desperately ill. ③ 他不顾一切地拼命踢门，企图能逃出去。
In desperation, he kicked at the door, hoping to escape. 7) flinch v. → flinching a.
Ant. unflinching a. → unflinchingly ad. ① 看到血，他畏缩了。
He flinched at the sight of blood.
② 在最艰难的时期，她忠贞不移地陪伴着他。
In the hardest time, she accompanied him with unflinching loyalty. ③ 他毫不畏惧地直面我的注视。 He met my gaze unflinchingly.
8) courage n. → courageous a. → encourage v. → encouraging a.
① 她听到这个坏消息时，表现出了非凡的勇气。
She showed remarkable courage when she heard the bad news. ② 你坦白承认自己的错误，真是勇敢。
It was courageous of your to frankly admit your mistake.
③ 你应该鼓励她去追逐自己的梦想，而不应该将你自己的想法强加于她。
You should encourage her in pursuit of her dreams, instead of imposing your own thoughts upon her. ④ 最近的贸易数字非常令人鼓舞。
The latest trade figures are very encouraging.
2． Phrase practice
1) She wouldn’t want to put them through the suffering of a huge ceremony.
put sb. through sth.: make sb. experience sth. very difficult or unpleasant e.g. 你最近让你的家人受了不少苦。
You have put your family through a lot recently.
2) The famous orator addressed himself to the public to promote his newly published book.
address oneself to: (formal) think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it e.g. 我们必须要致力于交通污染问题。
We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
3) At that time, South Africa was going through a period of big events as the Blacks fought for equality.
go through: experience or suffer sth.
e.g. 我钦佩她经历了那么多苦难以后，依然这样开朗快乐。
I admire the way she’s still so cheerful after all she’s gone through.
III. Translation
1. 我安排他们在小酒吧见面，但那个小伙子一直都没有来。(turn up) Explanation:
If sb. turns up, he or she arrives or makes his or her appearance.
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Translation:
I had arranged for them to meet each other at the pub, but the young man never turned up. Practice:
① 她什么事情都迟到。
Answer: She turns up late for everything.
② 她儿子已经失踪五年了，她还在期望儿子有一天会出现。
Answer: It had been five years since her son disappeared, but she still hoped her son would turn up one day.
2. 你无法仅凭表象判断形势是否会变得对我们不利。(tell from appearance) Explanation:
If you tell from appearance, you are making judgment from the outside qualities or the way a person or thing looks to other people, which can be wrong. Translation:
You cannot tell merely from appearances whether things will turn out unfavourable to us or not. Practice:
① 从表面看来，他要赢了。
Answer: Telling from appearances, he would win. ② 这个故事教育我们，不应该以貌取人。
Answer: The story gives us a lesson that we should not tell people from appearances.
3. 我们正筹划为你举办一次盛大的圣诞聚会。(in sb.’s honour) Explanation:
If you do sth. in sb.’s honour, you do it in order to show respect and admiration for him or her. Translation:
We are planning a big Christmas party in your honour. Practice:
① 五十周年时，人们举办了一个仪式，纪念在战争中死亡的人们。
Answer: A ceremony in honour of those killed in the war was held on the fiftieth anniversary. ② 人们为她举办了一个盛大的宴会。
Answer: A grand banquet was held in her honour.
4. 听到那个曲子，我回想起了儿童时代。(throw one’s mind back) Explanation:
If you throw your mind back to a period or a thing, you recall it. Translation:
Hearing that tune threw my mind back to my childhood. Practice:
① 看着那个男孩在操场上欢快地跑，他的思绪回到了自己的少年时代。
Answer: Watching the boy running happily on the playground, he began to throw his mind back to his boyhood. ② 回想一下二十年前，我们马上就能看出我们现在的生活有多么不同。
Answer: Throwing our minds back to twenty years ago, we would immediately tell how different our life is now.
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