2012届高三二轮复习
专题八
考试范围：阅读理解社科类
（1）
In 1876, former California Governor Leland Stanford bought 650 acres of Rancho San Francisquito for a country home and began the development of his famous Palo Alto Stock Farm．He later bought some land next to his farm totaling more than 8,000 acres．The little town that was beginning to appear near the land took the name Palo Alto（tall tree）after a giant California redwood（加州红木）on the bank of San Francisquito Creek．The tree itself is still there and would later become the university's symbol．
Leland Stanford, who grew up and studied law in New York, moved West after the gold rush and made his fortune in the railroads．He was a leader of the Republican Party, governor of California and later a U.S.senator（参议员）．He and Jane had one son, who died of fever in 1884 when the family was traveling in Italy．Leland Jr.was just 15．Legend（民间传说）has it that the sad couple said to each other after their son's death,“The children of California shall be our children,”and they quickly set about finding a lasting way to remember their beloved son．
The Stanfords visited several great universities of the East to gather ideas．They visited Harvard's president and were well received and given advice on starting a new university in California．From the beginning they made some untraditional choices: the university would admit both male and female students, in a time when most were all male and definitely practical, producing“cultured and useful citizens”when most were concerned only with the former．
The Stanfords employed Frederick Law Olmsted, the famous landscape architect who created New York's Central Park, to design the physical plan for the university．Today, as Stanford continues to expand, the university's architects attempt to respect those original university plans．
1．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The Stanfords' son died of fever．
B．Leland Stanford made his fortune in banking．
C．The Stanfords visited Harvard's president but were badly received．
D．The university preferred male students to female ones in the beginning． 2．One of the following topics the text should contain, but it is not mentioned．The topic is ．
A．the symbol of the university B．the university's first president C．the place where the university lies D．how the Stanfords collected ideas to set up the university
3．From the text we know that Leland Stanford once held the following positions EXCEPT ． A．a U.S.senator B．governor of California C．a famous landscape architect D．a leader of the Republican Party 4．The theme of the passage is ．
A．the birth of Stanford University． B．the Stanford family and their contributions．
C．Leland Stanford's life and his experiences． D．the way to remember the Stanfords' son．
（2）
Have you ever read the book The Wolf Totem（狼图腾）by a famous writer, which tells the story of the relationship between wolves and human beings? Have you ever thought about the wolves' world?
When it comes to the wolf, we tend to describe it as a kind of fierce creature．But is it really true that the wolf stands for devil and ugliness? If you had read this book, you would admire the wolves．In the book, wolves are heroes on the large grassland．They know more about survival than humans．They can attack lambs without disturbing their mothers．They also know how to make full use of the shape of land to trap sheep．I believe that if wolves were humans, they would be expert at fighting．
The wolf is a kind of special creature that can deeply understand teamwork．Each wolf serves its group with its heart and soul．A single wolf has little power, but a pack of wolves fear nothing．All the wolves obey the rules．Even if they are defeated, they run away together．It is their teamwork that makes wolves powerful．
The wolves also have great self-preservation（自卫本能）and won't give in to anyone．The writer, who wrote the book The Wolf Totem, once stole a one-month-old baby wolf and raised it very carefully．To his disappointment, he found the little wolf still wanted to go back with the other wolves．The little wolf bit through the iron chain that limited it．The wolf was proud and never gave up fighting until its death．It seemed that the little wolf died as a glorious fighter．
I was shocked by this kind of self-respect wolves which are one of the most respected creatures on the earth．I want everyone to look at wolves in a different way．They are our teachers．They show us how to survive and get into this not simple but dangerous world．Please honor the wolves; please honor all these heroes of nature! 1．According to the author, the most outstanding feature of the wolf is that they ．
A．are able to run at a very high speed．
B．are so good at working together．
C．can look after their baby wolves very well
D．can defeat animals which are stronger than themselves．
2．The example of the one-month baby wolf shows that ． A．wolves are fierce animals B．the wolf likes to bite hard things C．baby wolves can be raised and tamed easily D．wolves are proud and don't give up easily
3．What should we learn from the wolf after reading the passage ? A．How to survive in the world ． B．How to depend on others ．
C．How to show our respect for each other ． D．How to fight against nature ．
4．It can be inferred from the passage that ． A．wolves have excellent skills to hunt other animals B．the author hated and looked down upon wolves
C．if wolves are defeated , they run away separately D．wolves only act freely without any rules
（3）
You wake up in the morning．The day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time．Then the telephone rings, you say hello, and the drama starts．The person on the other end has a depressing（令人沮丧的）tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward to．Are you still in a wonderful mood? Impossible!
Communicating with negative people can wash out your happiness．It may not change what you think, but doing this long enough with them will make you depressed for a moment or a long time．
Life brings ups and downs, but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offer．They only feel glad when they make others feel bad．No wonder they can hardly win others' pity or respect．
When you communicate with positive people, your spirit stays happy and therefore more positive things are attracted．When the dagger（匕首）of a negative person is put in you, you feel the heavy feeling that brings you down．
Sometimes we have no choice but to communicate with negative people．This could be a co-worker, or a relative．In this case, say what needs to be said as little as possible．Sometimes it feels good to let out your anger back to the negative person, but all this is to lower you to that same negative level and they won't feel ashamed of themselves about that．
Negativity often affects happiness without even being realized．The negative words of another at the start of the day can attach to you throughout the rest of your day, which makes you feel bad and steals your happiness．Life is too short to feel negative．Stay positive and avoid negativity as much as possible． 1．The best title for the passage may be“ ．” A．Love and treasure your life
B．Life is too hard for negative people C．Communicative more with positive people D．Avoid getting along with depressed people
2．What kind of people can rarely gain other people's pity or respect according to the passage?
A．Those who only admire others' achievements． B．People who always feel happy about themselves．
C．Those who believe life can't bring happiness to people．
D．People who believe in themselves regardless of any troubles． 3．What should we do if we have to communicate with negative people ? A．Blame them for their ignorance． B．Make efforts to cheer them up． C．Don't talk much with them． D．Try to be patient with them．
4．What is the best attitude towards our life in the opinion of the author? A．Not to be a negative but a positive person．
B．Don't be too sure about ourselves or our society．
C．To make others feel satisfied with life at the cost of your own benefits． D．To take it into consideration that life is full of challenges and opportunities．
（4）
Officials said China will not be affected in the next three days by the rising threat of a wide dispersion（散布）of radiation from leaking reactors in Japan．
Experts in ocean, air and environmental studies assured the public on Tuesday that the radiation leak in Japan is unlikely to reach China in the short term．
“Before Friday, the wind in Japan is expected to blow mainly to the southeast and, since we are to the west of Japan, radioactive pollutants are not likely to reach China,”Sun Jun, chief weather forecaster of the China Meteorological（气象的）Administration and a member of the experts panel of the national nuclear emergency coordination committee, told China Daily on Tuesday．
Sun said wind and a mild rain in Sendai and Fukushimatwo of the cities most damaged by the recent tsunami（海啸）, were blowing toward Tokyo at about 2 to 3 meters a second by 2 p.m. on Tuesday．
He said a cold front will pass through the quake-stricken areas on Wednesday, causing the temperature to drop by about 3 degrees and bringing light snow or rain．
“Judging by the wind direction predicted for the next four days, the radioactive contaminants（污染物）are likely to be dispersed inside Japan and the Pacific region,”Sun said．
No long-term forecast of wind conditions is now available．The China Meteorological Administration said it has been keeping a close eye on the weather conditions and will deliver a daily weather report to policymakers．
Yu Fujiang, deputy director of the National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center of the State Oceanic Administration, told China Daily on Tuesday that the radiation leaks will not affect China's coastal waters within the next three days．
Yu said the State Oceanic Administration's departments overseeing the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea began conducting water-quality tests soon after the earthquake and so far has found no evidence of pollution．
1．Why are radioactive pollutants not likely to reach China these few days? Because ．
A．the wind in Japan will not blow in the direction of China B．Japan lies far away from China and the pollutants can't reach China C．China has taken some measures to prevent them from entering its regions
D．the temperature is not so high and the pollutants will stay in their original places
2．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A．There will be light snow or rain in the quake-stricken area． B．Long-term forecasts of wind conditions are now available．
C．Sendai and Fukushima were two of the cities most damaged by the recent tsunami． D．Sun Jun is a member of the experts panel of the national nuclear emergency coordination committee．
3．The underlined word“dispersed”in the seventh paragraph probably means“ ”． A．collected B．explored C．raised D．spread 4．The news report tells us that ． A．China has been safe from radiation so far B．Water-quality tests would be conducted soon
C．the radiation leaks have seriously affected China's coastal waters so far D．it is unnecessary for China to take many measures to prevent the nuclear pollution
（5）
Caught Twittering or on Facebook at work? It'll make you a better employee．An Australian study shows that surfing the Internet for fun during office hours increases productivity．
The University of Melbourne study showed that people who use the Internet for personal reasons at work are about 9 percent more productive than those who do not．“The study author Brent Coker, from the department of management and marketing,” said Workplace Internet leisure browsing（工作时的网络休闲），or WILB, helped to sharpen workers' concentration．“People need to zone out for a bit to get back their concentration,”Coke said on the university's website（www．unimelb．edu．au．com）．“Short breaks, such as quick surf of the Internet, enable the mind to rest itself, leading to a higher total net concentration for a day's work, and as a result, increase productivity,”he said．
According to the study of 300 workers, 70 percent of people who use the Internet at work engage in WILB． Among the most popular WILB activities are searching for information about products, reading online news, playing online games and watching videos on YouTube．
“Many firms spend millions on software to block their employers from watching videos, using social networking sites or shopping online under the pretence（自称）that it costs millions in lost productivity,”said Coker“That's not always the case．”
However, Coker said the study looked at people who browsed in moderation（适度的）, or were on the Internet for less than 20 percent of their total time in the office．“Those who behave with the Internet addiction tendencies will have a lower productivity than those without,”he said．
1．The passage mainly wants to tell us ． A．what we should do with our leisure time
B．why we should surf the Internet for fun during office time C．how to surf the Internet for fun during office hours D．Moderately surfing the Internet for fun during work can improve working efficiency 2．Why can surfing the Internet for fun during office hours increase working efficiency?
A．Workers are tired of work and want to rest．
B．Workers can learn some work skills on the Internet． C．It makes people relax and regain concentration on work．
D．It contributes to improving the relationship between bosses and workers． 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to article ?
A．most firms allow their employers to use the Internet for fun． B．the research was made by the University of Melbourne． C．most people in the research write emails during work．
D．Firms must spend enough momey on software to keep their employers from surfing the Internet for fun．
4．From the passage we can know that ．
A．the workers engaged in WILB aren't fit for their work
B．surfing the Internet long hours for fun won't increase productivity
C．Brent Coker is a successful boss who can accept the research results D．many firms preventing employees WILB contributes to high productivity
（6）
Today, we tell about“horse”expressions．In the past, many people depended on horses for transportation, farming and other kinds of work． A lot of people still like to ride horses．And, horse racing is also popular．So it is not surprising that Americans still use expressions about the animals．
Long ago, people who were rich or important rode horses that were very tall．Today, if a girl acts like she is better than everyone else, you might say she should get off her high horse．
Yesterday my children wanted me to take them to the playground．But I had to finish my work, so I told them to hold your horses．Wait until I finish what I am doing． My two boys like to compete against each other and play in a violent way． I always tell them to stop horsing around or someone could get hurt．
We live in a small town．It does not have any exciting activities to offer visitors．My children call it a one-horse town．
Last night, I got a telephone call while I was watching my favorite television show．I decided not to answer it because wild horses could not drag me away from the television．There was nothing that could stop me from doing what I wanted to do．
Sometimes a person fights a battle that has been decided or keeps arguing a question that has been settled． We say this is like beating a dead horse．
In politics, a dark-horse candidate is someone who is not well known to the public．Sometimes, a dark horse unexpectedly wins an election．
Another piece of advice is, do not change horses in midstream．You would not want to get off one horse and on to another in the middle of a river． Or make major changes in an activity that has already begun． In the past, this expression was used as an argument to re-elect a president, especially during a time when the country was at war．
1．What does the expression“hold your horses”mean? A．Please be patient． B．Catch your horses． C．Don't let your horses run． D．Don't leave． 2．A dark-horse candidate refers to a person ． A．who the public are not familiar with B．whose skin is black C．who is very strict with others D．who is serious in work
3．If a person acts as if he or she is better than everyone else, and you plan to stop him or her, you can speak to the person“ ”． A．stop horsing around B．get off your high horse C．do not change horses in midstream D．wild horses could not drag me away from the television
4．The meaning of the expression“stop horsing around”in the third paragraph might be ．
A．don't make horses run around B．stop playing and fighting C．avoid riding horses D．get out of the trouble
（7）
If you do someone a good turn today, don't expect a thank you．“Cheers”,“ta”or even“wicked”is the more likely response, if a survey is to be believed．
Research among computer users suggests that the traditional expression of gratitude has gone out of date in Britain．
Almost half of the people surveyed said they now use“cheers”more often than“thank you”．
Four out of ten said they“thank you”sounded too formal—so they used more catchy , chatty words such as“fab”,“lovely”or“wicked”．
A third said they would often just resort to（采取）a quick wave instead of saying“thank you ”．
And 77 percent said that any of the words used to say thanks were not suitable, believing a pleasant gesture works just well．
The survey of 3,000 people was carried out by the online gift store, Me to you ． Spokesman Caroline Weaver said:“while the great British public might feel uncomfortable saying‘thank you’these days, they do like to show their gratitude in other ways．”
Respondents（回答者）felt it didn't matter how you thanked someone for their actions , as long as you did so in a friendly and polite way ．
At the end of the day everyone knows that a big smile and some form of acknowledgement is all it takes to show we are grateful．
According to the survey, two thirds of respondents believed Britain was a“rude”nation and 84 percent think others should make more efforts to show appreciation． 1．The underlined phrase“do someone a good turn”in the first paragraph probably means“ ”．
A．offer someone advice B．do someone a favor C．lend someone some money D．give someone an opportunity 2．The respondents seem to believe that ． A．it doesn't matter not to thank others B．it is significant not to be polite to others
C．it is important to show one's gratitude in a polite way D．it is polite to respond one's kindness with words
3．The last paragraph suggests that the majority think that the British ． A．are becoming more friendly B．aren't as polite as before
C．don't care much about manners D．should make more efforts to show gratitude 4．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to show politeness in the UK． B．New ways to greet people．
C．A survey about how to say thank you． D．Fashionable ways to communicate．
（8）
US President Barack Obama said the killing of Osama bin Laden marked a“good day for America．”Polls（民意调查）show it was good day for the president, too．
Two surveys released Tuesday found the president's approval ratings（等级）climbed to 56 percent, a 9-point improvement over last month．The polls were conducted Monday, after details were released about the Navy SEAL sudden attack on bin Laden's living place north of Islamabadthe Pakistan capital．The results were reported by The Washington Post/Pew Research Center and USA Today/Gallup Poll．
While the killing of bin Laden has seized American and world attention, such events can prove temporary, particularly after a brutal（残忍的）presidential election．Obama's improved approval after success in tracking down the world's most-wanted terrorist could mean little when voters enter polling booths（投票站）18 months from May , 2011．
With no clear front-runner yet, some of the potential Republican field will gather for a first candidates'debate of the election season on Thursday in Greenville, South Carolina．There is no doubt the field of challengers will pound Obama about the nation's upward debt and what they see as a need to cut spending while rejecting tax increases．
Obama remains vulnerable（易受攻击的）on the economy．The Washington Post/Pew Research Center poll showed that only 40 percent of those surveyed approved of the president's handling of the economy．Other polls last week found that about 70 percent of Americans felt the country was on the wrong track．
The reason is obvious．Even though the economy is slowly recovering from the Great Recession（大萧条）, unemployment remains near 9 percent．The U.S.Gas prices have shot up to about $4 a gallon（almost a dollar a liter）, about a third more than just six months ago．As household budgets are hit hard by rising fuel costs, big oil companies raked in record profits in the first quarter of 2011．U.S.economic growth slowed sharply in the same period, partly because of high gas prices． 1．The article informs us that ．
A．Obama has not decided whether to run for the next President of the USA B．Obama poll numbers up after Osama bin Laden was killed C．America is recovering very fast from the Great Recession
D．the Republic Party has recommended a candidate（候选人）for the presidential election
2． We can infer from the article that ． A．Bin Laden was caught alive in his house B．A presidential election will be held in America in 2012
C．Rising fuel costs didn't affect household budgets of American so much D．Most of Americans approved of Obama's contributions to American economy 3．How much percent of those surveyed approved of the president's handling of the economy? A．47% B．56% C．70% D．40% 4．The most serious problem Obama faces is ． A．increasing oil prices B．lower and lower income C．the high unemployment rate D．a bigger and bigger gap between the rich and the poor （1）【解题导语】本文主要叙述美国著名斯坦福大学的创立者和创立过程。如斯坦福大学在美国哪个州，怎样突破传统的教学理念以及其设计者等。另外还讲述了斯坦福夫妇的儿子与斯坦福大学的名字的由来。读后对美国知名大学会有所了解。 1．【答案】A【解析】判断正误题。根据文章第二段：He and Jane had one son, who died of fever in 1884 when the family was traveling in Italy．可知答案。 2．【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。A项第一段有说明。C项第一段有说明。D项第三段有说明。而B项文章未提到。 3．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段：He was a leader of the Republican Party, governor of California and later a U.S. senator．文中最后一段提到Frederick Law Olmsted, the famed landscape architect。 4．【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要说明“斯坦福大学的诞生”，而其它较片面。 （2）【解题导语】本文讲述了作者观点不同于传统的对于狼的看法。狼为何是一种特殊的动物，它们为何受到作者的尊重？狼的主要特点是团队精神，不屈不挠，善于搏斗，和生存于大自然恶劣环境的本领，值得我们学习。 1．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段：The wolf is a kind of special creature that can deeply understand teamwork ．可知答案。 2．【答案】D【解析】事实判断题。根据第四段：The wolf was proud and never gave up fighting until its death．可推出答案。 3．【答案】A【解析】事实判断题。根据最后一段：They show us how to survive and get into this not simple but dangerous world．可知答案。 4．【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段：They can attack lambs without disturbing their mothers． They also know how to make full use of the shape of land to trap sheep．可知答案。 （3）【解题导语】本文主要讲述与积极乐观的人交流，你也会愉快，有好心情。而与消极悲观的人交往你也会受感染会变得沮丧，产生消极的情绪。有些人坚持错误的观点，认为
生活没有幸福，只有当他们使别人伤心时，他们自己才感到快乐。 1．【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文，尤其是文章最后一句可知答案。 2．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段可知答案。 3．【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段：In this case, say what needs to be said as little as possible．可知答案。 4．【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Stay positive and avoid negativity as much as possible．可知答案为A项。 （4）【解题导语】本文主要讲述日本因为地震导致海啸，而引起核电站爆炸，结果产生核污染。因为在最近三天内，风向东南方向吹，所以中国不会受到核污染的影响。目前中国密切关注核污染。检查水质情况，关注天气情况并将每天向决策者报告天气情况。 1．【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段：“Before Friday, the wind in Japan is expected to blow mainly to the southeast and, since we are to the west of Japan, radioactive pollutants are not likely to reach China”可知答案。 2．【答案】B【解析】判断正误题。根据倒数第三段的No long-term forecast of wind conditions is now available．可知B 不合文意。 3．【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据上下文的含义可以推出，本句的句意为“放射性污染物可能会散落在日本和太平洋地区”故可知dispersed意为“分散，驱散”，故选D项。 4．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。因为该篇文章是新闻报道，所以主题往往出现在文章的开头，故根据全文尤其是开头和倒数第二段可知为A项。 （5）【解题导语】本文主要论述在上班办公期间上网娱乐能提高工作效率。娱乐形式主要有查产品信息，读网上新闻，玩游戏和看视频等。但浏览需适度或少于办公工作时间的20% ，才有助于提高工作效率，提高工作的专注度。 1．【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。根据开头的An Australian study shows that surfing the Internet for fun during office hours increases productivity．可知，本文的主旨大意为A项，文章的结尾也证实了这一点。 2．【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段：“Short breaks, such as quick surf of the Internet, enable the mind to rest itself, leading to a higher total net concentration for a day's work, and as a result, increase productivity,” he said．可知答案。 3．【答案】B【解析】正误判断题。根据第二段：The University of Melbourne study showed that people who use the Internet for personal reasons at work are about 9 percent more productive than those who do not．可知答案。 4．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段可知答案应为B项。 （6）【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些含有“马”的英语表达法。 1．【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的Wait until I finish what I am doing．可知，短语hold your horses的意思为别着急，耐心点。故A是正确的。 2．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的In politics, a dark-horse candidate is someone who is not well known to the public． 可知，一位“黑马”后选人是一个不为公众所熟悉的人。故选A项。 3．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句话可知，题干的这种情况下，你应该劝这个人不要“摆架子”。故选B项。表达法“get off your high horse”意为“别摆架子”。 4．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据上下文 My two boys like to compete against each other and play in a violent way．和…or someone could get hurt．可知，“我”的两个男孩喜欢正相竞争并且以一种暴力的方式玩。这时我阻止他们胡闹否则有人可能会受伤。故选B项适合。 （7）【解题导语】本文主要讲述现在人们表达感激的新的方式，而不一定是你期待的“Thank you ”,有可能是“Cheers ,ta or wicked ”等感谢表达方式。还有可能用体态语，被调查者中77%认为说Thanks 并不合适。但不管用什么方式，根本的是要用礼貌和友好的方式表达。 1．【答案】B【解析】猜测词义题。根据第一段第二句和第二段可猜出答案。 2．【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段：Respondents（回答者）felt it didn't matter how you thanked someone for their actions , as long as you did so in a friendly and polite way ．可推出答案。 3．【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据本段中84 percent think others should make more efforts to show appreciation.可知答案。 4．【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是开头第三段等可知答案。
（8）【解题导语】本文讲述美国总统奥巴马因为拉登被击毙，而受认可的等级上升了9个点，达到56%, 但是到2012年总统大选可能不会有多大意义，目前奥巴马面临债务，失业和经济不振等诸多问题。 1．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据全文尤其是第一段和第二段可知答案。 2．【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段：when voters enter polling booths （投票站）18 months from May,2011．可知答案。 3．【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段可知答案。 4．【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段：unemployment remains near 9 percent．可知答案。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容