Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text。Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)
In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 underground
It's a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldn't know it， 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ：\"Please don't approach me.\"
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?
One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as\"creep,\"We fear we'II be 7 We fear we'II be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones.\"Phones become our security blanket，\"Wortmann says.\"They are our happy
glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .\"
But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . \"When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,\" the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with
the experiment, \"not a single person reported having been snubbed.\"
18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.
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1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record
2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much 3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought 4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign 5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from
6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched 7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed
8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar 9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry 10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn
11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring 12. [A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay
13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation 14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers 15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design 16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride
17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up 18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence 19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas 20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] Iogical [D] rare 【答案】
1. signal 2. Much 3. plugged 4. message 5. behind
6. misinterpreted 7. judged 8. unfamiliar 9. anxious 10. turn
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11. dangerous 12. hurt 13. Conversation 14. passengers 15. predict 16. ride 17. went through 18. in fact 19. since 20. simple
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions: Text 1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortntlol. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
\"Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,\" writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. \"it is men not women. Who report being bappicr at home than at work,\" Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.
What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
But it's not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have
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no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they' re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.
So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
21.According to Pa ragraph 1，most previous su rveys found that home___________ [A]was an un realistic place for relaxation [B]generated more stress than the workplace [C]was an ideal place for stress measurement [D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace
22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home? [A]Working mothers [B]Childless husbands [C] Childless wives [D]Working fathers
23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact thay___________ [A]they are both bread winners and housewives [B]their home is also a place for kicking back [C]there is often much housework left behind [D]it is difficult for them to leave their office
24.The word\"moola\"(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means___________ [A]energy [B]skills [C]earnings
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[D]nutrition
25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____________ [A]home is hardly a cozier working environment [B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut [C]household tasks are generally more motivating [D]family labor is often adequately rewarded 【答案】
21.D offered greater relaxation than the workplace 22.B childless husbands
23.A they are both bread winners and housewives 24.C earnings
25.B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut Text 2
For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created \"a paradox\" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has \"continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close\" achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive
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rsity．First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree
Their thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap.
Many first-gene ration students\"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the'rules of the game，'and take advantage of college resou rces,\" they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don't talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students' like them can improve
26. Recruiting more first-generation students has [A]reduced their d ropout rates [B]narrowed the achievement gao [C] missed its original pu rpose [D]depressed college students
27 The author of the research article are optimistic because [A]the problem is solvable [B]their approach is costless [q the recruiting rate has increased [D]their finding appeal to students
28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students [A]study at private universities
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[B]are from single-pa rent families [q are in need of financial support [D]have failed their collage
29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students [A]a re actually indifferent to the achievement gap [B]can have a potential influence on othe r students [C] may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projects [D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college 30.We mayinfer from the last paragraph that--
[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class [B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources [C]social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiences [D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question 【答案】
26.C missed its original purpose 27.A the problem is solvable 28.C are in need of financial support
29.D are inexperienced in handling issues at college
30.D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question Text3
Even in traditional offices，\"the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago，\" said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn She sta rted spinning off examples.\"If you and I pa rachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of
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terms like Journey, mission,passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didn't talk about energy；we didn't talk about passion.\"
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabula ry is very \"team\"-oriented-and not by coincidence.\"Let's not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，it's still a big deal. It's not explicitly conscious；it's the idea that I'm a coach，and you're my team，and we're in this togethec. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win\".
These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana points out，increase allegiance to the firm.\"You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，\"saidKhurana
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The \"mommy wars\" of the 1990s a re still going on today, prompting arguments about whywomen still can'thave it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In，whose title has become abuzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But ifyour work is your \"passion,\" you'II be more likely to devote yourself to it，even ifthat means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed
But this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，butmanage rs love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb itAs Nunberg said，\"You can get people to think it's nonsense at the same timethat you buy into it.\" In a workplace that's fundamentally indiffe rent to your lifeand its meaning office speak can help you figu re out how you relate to yourwork-and how your work defines who you are
31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become________ [A]more e motional [B]more objective [C]less energetic [D]less energetic [E]less strategic
32.\"team\"-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to________
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[A]historical incidents [B]gender difference [C]sports culture [D]athletic executives
33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to________ [A]revive historical terms [B]promote company image [C]foster corporate cooperation [D]strengthen employee loyalty
34.It can be inferred that Lean In_________ [A]voices for working women [B]appeals to passionate workaholics [C]triggers dcbates among mommies [D]praises motivated employees
35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak? [A]Managers admire it but avoid it [B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense [C]Companies find it to be fundamental [D]Regular people mock it but accept it 【答案】
31.A more emotional 32.C sports culture
33.D strengthen employee loyalty
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34.A voices for working women 35.C companies find it to be fundamental Text 4
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000（4,4 percent）above its year ago level.
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level.
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is \"yes.\"they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only elassified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare becanse one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need
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to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected? A. The prospect of a thriving job market. B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs. C. The possibility of full employment. D. The acceleration of job creation.
37. Many people work part-time because they A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs B. feel that is enough to make ends meet C. cannot get their hands on full-time jobs D. haven' t seen the weakness of the market 38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US A. is harder to acquire than one year ago B. shows a general tendency of decline C. satisfies the real need of the jobless D. is lower than before the recession 39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, . A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance B. employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance C. it is still challenging to get insurance for family members D. full-time employment is still essential for insurance 40. The text mainly discusses. A. employment in the US
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B. part-timer classification C. insurance through Medicaid D. Obamacare's trouble 【答案】
36.B the increase of voluntary part-time jobs 37.C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs 38.B shows a general tendency of decline
39.B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance 40.A employment in the US Part B Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A] You are not alone
[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life [C] Pave your own unique path [D] Most of your fears are unreal [E] Think about the present moment [F] Experience helps you grow
[G] There are many things to be grateful for
Uefortunately, life is not a bed of roses, We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a rontantic relatlonshlp of a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time,but you should remember that they won't last forever.
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When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventally move as toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I've learned along the way.
41.___________________________________________
Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor will smith once said, \"Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.\" I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.
42 ._______________________________________________ If you are ??? by ??? and
43. _______________________________________
Sometimes it is casy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.
44______________________________
No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people, You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives. Try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and cncouragement.
45_____________________________________
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your of own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.
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【答案】
41.D Most of your fears are unreal 42.E Think about the resent moment 43.G There are many things to be grateful for 44.A you are not alone 45.C Pave your own unique path Section Ⅲ Translation 46. Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Think about driving a route that's very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it's easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.
This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.
The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don't have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can't remember the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it. So we assume it wasshorter.
参考译文：
想想看在一条非常熟悉的路上驾驶的感觉，这可能发生在上班，进城或回家的路上。无论如何，你会熟悉路上的每一个迂回曲折。在这类旅行中，我们很容易会分散注意力并且不太关注路边的风景。结果就是你误以为旅途比实际所用的时间要少。
这是美妙的旅程所产生的效果：人们往往会低估在熟悉的旅程中所用掉的时间。
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我们分散注意力的方式会导致这种结果。当我们在知名的路途中行驶时，我们不必过于集中精力，时间似乎过得飞快。随后，当我们回想整个过程时，由于没有特别留神，会变得印象模糊。此时，我们似乎会觉得这段旅程会更短些。
Section Ⅳ Writing Part A 47.Direerions:
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to
1)briefly introduce the camp activities, and 2)call for volunteers.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your name or the name of your university. Do not write your address.(10 points) 范文： Notice
The Students' Union are arranging for a summer camp for high school students to broaden their horizon and experience different life.As there are some foreign students,who will also attend it,some volunteers are needed.The details are as follows.
To begin with,the summer camp is scheduled on July 15th and will end on July 22nd.That is to say,it will last for about one week and the theme is \"Loving your
country,Loving the world\".What is more,different kinds of activities are included during the camp,like knowledge competition, patriotic songs contest, drama contest and so on.Last but not least,volunteers should be those who are good at communicating with foreigners and also take an active part in activities.
If you have any questions,please do not hesitate to contact us at 5678 soon. Students' Union Part B
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48.Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, your should 1)interpret the chart, and
2)give your comment.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. 范文：
The pie chart provides some interesting data regarding the family expense of urban residents during Spring Festival in our country. As is shown above, the family expense during the holiday is mainly used for gifts, accounting 40 percent of the whole expense.
Obviously, such statistics regarding family expenses reflects the lifestyles of the average urban family in China. To begin with, the most expense used for buying presents suggests that Chinese people are more likely to enjoy a lifestyle of communication during holidays, which may add more flavor to their routine life. What's more, it is interesting to note that urban residents attach importance to giving others gifts, thereby devoting much of the income to gifts for friends, relatives and family members. In addition, there is no denying in saying that the major factor responsible for the phenomenon is that urban people posses more money available for gifts thanks to the growth of urban economy.
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Taking above-mentioned analysisinto account, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion: as the society further develops, the trend mirrored by the table is bound to continue for a couple of years in the forthcoming future.
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2015年考研英语二答案解析
正确选项： 1-5 CDCAC 6-10 DCDCD 11-15 AABAC 16-20 BABBC
1. C [A] ticket 票 [B] permit 允许，许可 [C] signal信号，标志 [D] record记录，记载
解析：名词辨析。根据上句话含义，“我们周围的每个人似乎都打开他们的手机，甚至没有__出现的时候“。与手机相关的最合适的选项应为C信号的意思。因此C为正确选项。
2. D [A] nothing 没有什么 [B] little 一点 [C] another另外一个 [D] much许多
解析：名词辨析。在这句话中because there's ____to be gained，缺少的是gained 的宾语。所以我们much 代替这个宾语。因此D为正确选项。
3. C [A] beaten被击败的，打败的 [B] guided有指导的 [C] plugged 塞紧的 [D] brought带来，拿来
解析：动宾搭配。C选项plugged 与into搭配，译为“塞进”，符合原文语境。因此C为正确选项。
4. A [A] message消息，信息 [B] code密码，法则 [C] notice注意 [D] sign符号，签名
解析：动宾搭配。send the messages 译为“传递消息”符合原文语义。因此A为正确选项。
5. C [A] under在……下面 [B] beyond超出 [C] behind 在……后面 [D] from来自
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解析：动词与介词搭配。本题中，空格处所需一个介词，和前面的hide搭配。因此，hide behind 翻译成“隐藏在__的后面”，搭配最为合理。因此C为正确选项。
6.D [A]misapplied 被误用的 [B]mismatched 不相配的，不势均力敌的 [C]misadjusted 失调的 [D]misinterpreted误解
解析：上下文语义+词义辨析 在本题中，空格处需要填一个动词的被动语态，同时要搭配后面的“as creepy”(被___当做怪异的)。因此，结合四个单词的含义，D选项“被误解成为行为怪异的”更符合原文语义要求。因此D为正确选项。
7. C [A]replaced被替换的 [B]fired被开除的 [C]judged裁定的，评判的 [D]delayed延时的，拖延的
解析：上下文语义+词义辨析 本句中，考查我们 “fear” 的事情是被____. 结合上下文语义以及选项含义，我们可以直接排除掉B和D,这两项与“坐地铁”无关。符合原文含义的是D，我们害怕被“评判”。因此C为正确选项。
8. D [A]unreasonable不合理的，不切合实际的 [B] ungrateful忘恩负义的，不领情的 [C]unconventional非传统的，不合惯例的 [D]unfamiliar不熟悉的
解析：上下文语义+形容词辨析 本题考查形容词的辨析。四个选项本身没有难度。做形容词这一类题要注意它修饰的成分是什么。本句是一个较简单的主系表结构，主语是“strangers” ，空格处让我们填表语，修饰的是strangers,因此，根据语义，应该选择D选项“不熟悉的”，译为“陌生人本身对我们来说就是不太熟悉的”。因此D为正确选项。
9. C [A]comfortable 舒适的，充裕的[B]confident自信的，有信心的[C]anxious忧虑的， [D]angry生气的，愤怒的
解析：上下文语义+形容词辨析 本题结合前半句的含义，“陌生人本身对我们来说就是不太熟悉的”，因此，人们在和陌生人交流的时候会更___。我们要选择一个形容词
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来修饰与陌生人交流时候的心情，结合四个单词含义，C“忧虑的”更符合这种交流心境。因此C为正确选项。
10.D [A]attend 出席，参加[B]point指出，朝向，瞄准[C]take 拿，带 [D]turn 翻转，旋转,转移
解析：动词搭配。上句语义为“为了避免这种尴尬，我们___我们的手机”。在本句中，需要一个动词，并且能“to”搭配。A与B比较好排除，关键看C和D这两个选项. C选项 “take to ”译为“开始，从事”。D选项“turn to”译为“转向”。D比C更能说明我们的这个动作。因此D为正确选项。
11. A [A]dangerous 危险的[B]mysterious神秘的[C]violent猛烈的，强烈的，暴力的 [D]boring令人厌烦的，无聊的
解析：形容词辨析。结合上文语句，“电话已经变成了我们的安全保证”，“它是我们快乐的保障并且能够保护我们，不让我们受到更___的情况。”根据上下文语义以及四个形容词含义，A选项更符合语义要求。“危险的”和前面的“保护”搭配更为合理。因此A为正确选项。
12. A [A]hurt 损害，伤害[B]resist抵制，抵抗[C]bend弯曲 [D]decay（使）衰退，腐败
解析：动词辨析。这段句首有一个非常重要的连接词 “But”,表示转折关系，说明接下来所要表述的含义与上文发生了完全的改变。根据对上一段的分析，是说人们在乘坐地铁的时候，经常看手机是因为害怕和陌生人交流，那么这一段的论述方向为“但是如果我们收起手机，向上看看，其实不会__的重。”结合四个选项含义，A选项“伤害”更符合语义。因此A为正确选项。
13. B [A]lecture演讲，讲课 [B]conversation谈话，会话[C]debate辩论，争论 [D]negotiation谈判，协商
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解析：名词辨析。本题相对较简单，动词和名词的搭配，“开始一个（场）__”，结合原文语义，应该为开始谈话。因此B为正确选项。
14. A [A]passengers 旅客[B]employees雇员[C]researchers 研发人员[D]trainees研修生
解析：名词辨析。结合全文主旨，本文在讨论乘坐地铁是否和陌生人说话的问题。因此，A“乘客”是最符合语境的。因此A为正确选项。
15. C [A]reveal 显示，透漏[B]choose选择[C]predict 预测[D]design设计，计划
解析：动词辨析。本题考查四个选项的词义辨析。结合原文语境，我们不难发现，有一个非常重要的线索点，即“ how they would feel after talking to a stranger”我们要选择一个动词能连接后面的“would”将来时，所以，只有C选项有这个功能。因此C为正确选项。
16. B [A]voyage 航行，旅行[B]ride骑，乘[C]walk步行 [D]flight飞行
解析：名词辨析。在本句中, “____ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,”要选择一个动词与乘坐地铁有关。因此，B选项“ride乘”比较符合原文语义。
17.A [A]went through 经历，检查，浏览[B]did away（with）废除，去掉[C]caught up 赶上，追上[D]put up放，存储，提供
解析：介词短语搭配。本题所需短语要与后面的experience搭配，因此A选项“经历”更符合语义要求。
18. B [A]in turn 依次，轮流，反过来[B]in fact事实上 [C]in particular尤其是 [D]in consequence结果是
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解析：逻辑关系题。本题考查的是递进关系，即下文对上文进一步解释说明。因此B为正确选项。
19.B [A]unless除非 [B]since直到，因为[C]if如果 [D]whereas然而
解析：逻辑关系题。本句考查的是因果关系，因此只有B选项可以表示这种逻辑关系。
20. C [A]funny 有趣的[B]logical有逻辑的[C]simple简单的 [D]rare罕见的
解析：形容词辨析题。文章最后给出一个总结性的表述，即与陌生人说话可以让你感觉有连接感，考查我们“这是什么样的问题”。根据上下文语义关系选择C更符合语境。
21 答案D offered greater relaxation than the workplace
解析：细节题。精读题干，划出关键词 Paragraph 1，previous surveys，home。根据题干回到原文精确定位到第1句。首句提出“最新研究表明，与大部分研究相反，人们在家比在公司的压力更大”。说明之前的研究与新研究不同，题干问previous surveys，因此之前的研究是公司比家里的压力大。
22 答案B childless husbands
解析：细节题。精读题干，划出关键词大写人物D，问家里谁最幸福。根据题干回文定位到第二段后半部分“It is men…report being happier”，因此男性更幸福。接下来，“but more so for nonparents”。因此答案为没有孩子的丈夫。
23 答案A they are both bread winners and housewives
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解析：细节题。题干提出“the blurring of working women’s roles”，根据题干定位到第三段后半部分“the blurring of roles”，指代前面两句话“For women who stay home……..And for women who work outside the home”。根据原文定位句信息，得出女性既要忙工作又要忙家务。
24.答案 C earnings 这是一道词义句意题，定位在第四段第二句，At work，
people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.在工作中，人们清楚地知道他们该做什么，工作，赚钱，为了得到收入完成他们必须要做的工作。这与划线单词相对应，employee draws out life-sustaining moola 和draw an income相对应，所以moola是earnings同义。
25.答案 B division of labor at home is seldom-clear-cut 这是一道因果细节题，答案定位在第五段首句，On the home front, however, people have no such clarity.然而，对于家庭，人们并不是很清楚。no such clarity与seldom-clear-cut 相对应。
26. 答案 C missed its original purpose 细节题 定位在首段末句，This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students but then watching many of them fail means that higher education has“continued to reproduce and widen rather than close” achievement gap.文中说雇佣第一代大学生然后看着他们失败，这是一种自相矛盾的事，这意味着更进一步的教育不断扩大了而不是缩小了这种差距。C选项是此句话的概括，也就是招聘第一代大学没能达到其最初的目的。
27. 答案 A the problem is solvable 因果细节题 定位在二段首句， But the article is actually quite optimistic as it outlines a potential solution to this problem...文章相当乐观因为它给出了可能解决这一问题的办法，as后就是文章乐观的原因，it outlines a potential solution to this problem与A选项同意替换。
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28. 答案C are in need of financial support 细节题 定位在三段第三句 Most of the first-generation students (59.1percent) were recipients of Pell Grant, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need... with financial need..与选项C同意替换
29. 答案D are inexperienced in handling their issues at college 细节题 定位在四段首句后半句 ....first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. 第一代大学生缺少的不是潜力，而是在处理大多数大学生面对的问题时的实际的常识。but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students与选项D同意替换
30. 答案 D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question 段落推断题 定位在末段第三句 Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience....因为美国一些学院和大学很少承认社会阶级对学生教育经历的影响，所以。。。这就意味着学校应该为目前的问题负部分责任，与选项D相对应。
31 答案A more emotional
解析：细节题。根据题干关键词NancyKoehn及office language定位，找到第一段的Nancy Koehn引号里的那句话the lingua franca…gotten much more emotional and much more bright-brained.选项A中的more emotional即完全符合原文。
32 答案 C sports culture
解析：细节题。题干中出现team-oriented corporate vocabulary，根据该信息回到第二段定位，提到it’s the idea that ‘m a coach...team…but most…coaches…team.，都是与运动有关的信息，与选项进行匹配，恰当是运动文化。
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33 答案D strengthen employee loyalty
解析：细节题。题干出现大写任命Khurana，并出现普通名词importation of terminology定位到第三段Khurana说的那句话…non-profit… and religious…vision, values, passion,…purpose，及下文第四段首句提到personal fulfillment…keep employees motived….，这些均是职员的道德有关，因此对应答案D加强员工的忠诚感。
34 答案A voices for working women
解析：推理题。根据题干中的Lean In大写字母，定位到第四段第二句，arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books…Lean In，因此Lean In肯定是与女性有关的书籍且与工作有关，对应答案A 工作女性的呼唤，是对原文的同义替换。
35 答案C companies find it to be fundamental
解析：细节判断题。根据题干office speak及段落定位原则，定位到最后一段第一句，发现首句出现句间转折But，及句内转折but，因此后一个but更重要，提到but managers love it, companies depend on it。对应选项即为C 公司觉得它是基础性的，很重要。此外，该段最后一句话又提到了此点很重要。
36 B The increase of voluntary part-time jobs. 细节题定位到第二段第一句和第二句However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. 第二句there was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part time. 选项B是文章内容的同义替换。
37 C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.细节题定位到第三段的第三句话they take part-time work because this is all they can get.可见C选项是文章内容的同义替换。
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38. B: shows a general tendency of decline 细节题根据题干关键词involuntary part-time employment in the US定位到原文第四段，转折词但是总的方向是在下降。同意替换答案B，总的趋势是在下降。
39. B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance 推断题根据题干关键词obamacare,定位到原文第6段第一句，自愿做兼职工作的问题与奥巴马的医疗政策有关，因为一个主要原因是允许人们在就业之外得到保险，同意替换答案就业不再是得到保险的一个前提。
40 B part-timer classification 主旨题本文主要讲美国人现在选择兼职工作人群分类，并分析其原因。首先，因为全职工作不好找，就业率总体还是在下降；另外，美国人是被迫选择兼职工作；最后，与奥巴马的的医疗政策有关，就业不再是得到保险的一个前提。
答案：41. D 42. E 43. G 44. A 45. C
Part C Translation
Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.
This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.
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The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was proportionately shorter.
设想一下，你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上。可能是你每天上下班、去城里、或是回家的路。不管是哪一条路，你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌，非常熟悉。在这样的路途中，我们容易在开车的时候心不在焉，对途中的景色也几乎是全然不顾。如此一来，你会觉得路上所花的时间比实际要少。
这就是“熟悉路线效应”：人们往往会低估行驶在熟悉的路上所花费的时间。
这一效应由我们分配精力的方式引起。当行驶在熟悉的路上时，由于我们不用太过集中精力，时间似乎飞逝而过。随后，我们回想行车过程时，由于我们没有过多关注，所以对行车的印象也很模糊。因此我们会认为花费的时间会更短些。
Section III Writing Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to
1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and
2) call for volunteers.
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Your should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your name or the name of your university.
Do not write your address.(10 points) Notice
June 20 ,2014
To enrich extracurricular activities, our school intends to hold a summer camp for students from high school on July 6,2015. The event will include English learning and basketball games.
Thus, volunteers for this camp are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs, including reception, distribution of documents, etc. Candidates must have adequate patience with the adolescents. Besides, the volunteers ought to have
outstanding skills at English. Students who have previous experience as volunteers are preferred.
Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before June 30,2014.
Peking University
解析：
小作文即A 节作文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖、内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域的恰当。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的个别关键词或词组，但使用提示语中出现过的句子将被扣分。
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要点一定要覆盖全！本文有两个要点：一是简要介绍夏令营活动内容；二是招募志愿者。
所以本篇文章必须包括以上两点！关于活动内容，大家可以写组织学习和体育比赛之类。关于招募志愿者，大家可以写志愿者要符合什么条件！
当然，这篇文章还是有不少陷阱的，比如日期的选择，学校的选择！不过跨考的谷老师认为：格式的问题重点一定是有没有的问题！
今年英语二的作文出题可谓是另辟蹊径！大作文如此，小作文亦是一样！从2010年设立英语二的试卷以来，连续五年的小作文都考到的是书信！而今年考查的是通知这种告示类文体！相信不仅是众多的考研同学们，就是不少老师都是始料未及的！翻到《全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）考试大纲（非英语专业）》第2页，在考查目标里的写作部分，有以下的表述：
考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。
再翻到第5页，在考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构的写作部分，有以下的表述：
该部分由A、B 两部分组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共25分。
A节：考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。共10分。
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B节：要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词左右的英语说明文或议论文。提供情景的形式为图画、图表或文字。共15分。
从对于小作文的要求来看，大纲上并未有对通知考查的出现。针对这一点，我们有理由替同学们感到愤怒！不过，英语一和英语二是紧密联系在一起的，相信同学们在准备英语二的时候肯定也做了英语一的真题，在写作这一部分，英语一在2010年就考了通知！
我在网上也找到了2010年的大纲中，在评价目标中：考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章；在考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构中：考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。
从中也可以看出并没有对通知的要求，不过，从常识来看，通知应该是最基本和最常见的一种告示，是一种重要的应用文。
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 作文解析：
今年英语二作文的题目比较好写，因为标题和图示非常清晰明白。图标显示了我国某市居民春节假期花销比例, 考生分析原因的话也会很简单。下面分三段简要地说一下这三段应该怎么写。
第一段主要是描述图表。图表一目了然，数量词百分比也是大家熟悉的词汇，主要是春节的翻译，可能有些同学不会写，为Spring Festival。表述数据时，图中有四组数据，由于字数的限制以及为了写作的便利可以突出最大比例的“新年礼物”，其他两个“交通”和“聚会吃饭”可以选择其一来描述，注意百分比的表达方式。
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第二段给出你的评论，主要写这种情况的原因。主要要结合图表描述的内容从两个方面写起。一方面为什么买新年礼物花费的钱最多， 另一方面为什么交通或者聚会会占到20%比例。
最后结尾段落可简要得出结论，这种现象并不奇怪，还将继续下去。
参考例文：
As is clearly reflected in the above pie chart, the proportion of money spent on
various affairs demonstrates obvious differences during the Spring Festival in one city of China. According to the data given, the money spent on buying gifts for others takes a lion’s share, accounting for 40%. While transportation takes away 20% of the whole proportion.
What triggers this phenomenon? It is not difficult to put forward several factors responsible for this phenomenon. To start with, with the ever-growing eagerness to keep up with others, oceans of folks intended to offer thicker and thicker red envelope to kids as gift money, which leads to the high proportion of our expenditure. What’s more, due to the great urbanization, most Chinese residents move from their
hometowns to work in big cities. In order to cover the long distance and enjoy the happy together with family members, a large amount of money is spent on transportation.
In view of the arguments above, we can conclude that the current phenomenon is of no surprise. And therefore, it can be predicted that buying gifts and transportation will still take up a large share in our expenditure during the Spring Festival.
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