学生姓名 张启超 年级 初三 授课时间 课时 2 教学目标 重点难点 掌握冠词的用法 不定冠词，定冠词，零冠词的用法 一、冠词的定义：冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。 二、冠词的分类： 冠词分为不定冠词\"a，an\"、定冠词\"the\"和零冠词三种，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指，零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。 三、冠词的用法： A. 不定冠词的用法 不定冠词有\"a和an\"两种形式。\"a\"用在以辅音开头的词前，\"an\"用在以元音开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。 1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示\"一\" There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。 2. 表示一类人和东西 A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。 3. 表示\"某一个\"的意思 A gentleman wants to see you. 有一位先生要见你。 4. 表示\"同一\"的意思 They are nearly of an age. 他们几乎同岁。 The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。 5. 表示\"每一\"的意思 We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。 6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业 My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是教师。 7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个 Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。 8. 在such a，quite a句式中 He is quite a good actor.他是一个相当好的演员。 Don't be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。 9. 在感叹句 what...的句式中 What a pretty girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！ 10.不定冠词用在某些表示数量的词组中： a lot of 许多 a couple of 一对 a great deal of 大量 a great many 很多 a dozen 一打（但也可以用 one dozen） B. 定冠词的用法 1. 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 This is the house where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物 Open the door, please. 请把门打开。 3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”） Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him. 从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前
January is the first month of the year.一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。 5. 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物
the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界 6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词
the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城 the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国 7. 表示方向、方位
in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部 on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边 8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Yellow River 黄河
the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡 9. 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人
The Bakers came to see me yesterday. 贝克一家人昨天来看我。 10. 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物
the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前
the working class 工人阶级 the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党 12. 用在the very强调句中
This is the very book I want. 这就是我想要的那本书。 13. 在the more, the more比较级的句式中
The more you drink, the more you like it. 你越喝就越爱喝。 14. 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the
play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 15. 某些固定的表达法
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 go to the theatre 去看戏 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 前往...去的路上 16. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物
The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。 注意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法
A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals. C. 零冠词的用法
1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词
China 中国 Europe 欧洲 Lei Feng 雷锋 William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚 2. 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词
January 一月份 Sunday 星期日 Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节 National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节 比较： ...on a Sunday morning.
在一个星期天的早晨... （表示某一个。） 3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词
I have lunch at school. 我在学校吃午餐。
Summer is the best season for swimming. 夏天是游泳的好季节。
比较： I had a big lunch yesterday. 昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个） The dinner given by Mr. Smith was very nice. 史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。（表示特指） 比较： I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.
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我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。（表示特指） 4. 进行球类运动
play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球 play football 踢足球 5. 没有特指的物质名词
This cart is made of wood. 这辆手推车是用木头作的。
比较： The wood outside was all wet. 外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指） 6. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词
Time is precious. 时间是宝贵的。
比较： The time of the play was 1990s. 这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。（表示特指） 7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。 I like tomatoes. 我喜欢西红柿。
8. 山峰 Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰 9. 固定词组
go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 go by train 乘火车去 go by boat 乘船去 at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院 at school 求学 in school 求学 at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上
at midnight 在半夜 in town 在城里 10. 独立结构中的名词不加冠词
A boy came in, book in hand. 一个男孩进来，手上拿着书。 11. 泛指人类
Man is mortal. 人必有一死。
12. 在\"kind of＋名词 sort of＋名词\"句式中 What kind of flower is it? 这是什么花？ I like this sort of book. 我喜欢这种书。
13. 指职位、头衔的词，如king，captain，president，chairman 等。 He is (the) captain of the team. 他是球队的队长。
As (the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open. 作为委员会主席，我宣布会议开始。 四、冠词和三餐的搭配
三餐名词单独使用时，之前通常不加冠词 三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外：
We have breakfast at eight． 我们8点钟吃早饭。
He gave us a good breakfast．他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。 I was invited to dinner．他们邀请我吃饭。
I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador． 我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。
The Scots have porridge for breakfast．苏格兰人早餐吃粥。
The wedding breakfast was held in her father’s house． 婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行的。 五、介词短语与冠词
at table 在进餐 at the table 在桌子旁边 at desk 在读书 at the desk 在课桌旁 at school 在上学 at the school 在学校里 in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里面 in bed 卧床 in the bed 在床上
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in prison 坐牢 in the prison （因事）在监狱
in hospital 住院 in the hospital （因事）在医院 go to school 去上学 go to the school （因事）去学校 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 在床上
go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 去医院 take place 发生 take the place 代替
in place of 代替 in the place of 在...的地方 in case of 万一 in the case of 就...来说
out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 完全不可能 六、通常使用不定冠词的短语
after a while 过了一会儿 all of a sudden 突然 as a rule 通常 as a result 结果，因此 as a matter of fact 事实上 as a whole 大体上 at a loss 不知所措 in a hurry 急忙 in a way 在某种程度上 in a word 总而言之
It’s a pity that… 令人遗憾的是… put an end to… 结束… come to an end 结束 come to a conclusion 得出结论 have a good time 玩得愉快 have a rest 休息一下
have a cold 感冒 have a word with 和…谈一谈 keep an eye for 对…有鉴赏力 make a living 谋生 make a fire 生火 make a fool of 愚弄 take a walk 散步
一、用适当的冠词填空，不需要冠词的空白处填“×”
1. Tomorrow is ______ Teachers' Day and we'll make ______ card for our English teacher. 2. The bus is running about seventy miles_____ hour. 3. Mary is interested in ______ science.
4. Some people don't like to talk at ______ table. 5. Last night I went to______ bed very late.
6. Don't worry. We still have ______ little time left.
7. What ______ beautiful day! And what ______ fine weather!
8. In ______ winter it is cold in ______ Beijing and warm in ________Shanghai. 9. John is______ cleverest boy in his class.
10. We can't live without ______ water or ______ air.
11. Tomorrow Mr. Smith will leave Paris, ______capital of______ France, for Washington by______ air. 12. We were having______ lunch when they came in. 13. This is ______ book you gave me last week. 14. What did you do ______ last Saturday? 15. March 8 is ______ Women's Day.
16. If ______ weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park. 17. I prefer playing ______ piano to playing ______ basketball. 18. At ______ age of five, he read a lot of books. 19. Tom and Lucy are of ______ same age.
20. ______ harder we study, ______ more we learn. 21. ---Mum, what shall we have for _______dinner?
---Dumplings.
---Oh, what _______ wonderful dinner! I enjoy it very much. 22. _________ PLA was founded on __________August 1st,1927
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23. _______ Kings came to us at _________ noon. 24. The scientists from ________ United States live in __________ Ninth Street. 25. The doctor said to him, \"Take ________ medicine twice ________day. Stay in _________ bed and you'll be better soon.\" 26. September 10th is ____________ Teachers' Day. 27. Mr. Black arrived here on __________ Tuesday morning. 28. There are four seasons in _______year. ________ first season is spring. It is __________ best one of __________ four. 29. Some people have been to _________moon, in _______ spaceship. 30. _______ China is _________ old country with _________ long history 31. They are living ______happy life now. 32.______bag on ______desk is mine. 33. There is ______empty box on the table. 34. Do you like ______music of the film \"Titanic\"? 35. On ______Saturday, I stay in ______bed till 12:00. 36.______Browns have been to China twice. 37. Don’t make any noise in ______class. 38. This is such ______interesting story that you must listen to it. 39. Next week they will go to Australia by ______air. 40. Which is bigger, ______sun or ______moon? 二、Choose the best answer （选择最佳答案）: 1. There is _______ house in the picture. There is ________old woman near _________house. A. an; a; the B. a; an; the C. the; a; an D. a; the; an 2. He has already worked for ______ hour. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填 3. Alice is fond of playing ______ piano. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填 4. Beyond ____ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _____space. A. 不填；the B. the; the C. 不填，不填 D. the; 不填 5. ______ terrible weather we’ve been having these days! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What 6. ------ Where is Jack? ------ I think he is still in ______ bed, but he might just be in ______bathroom. A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填; the 7.When do you have _____breakfast every day? A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 8. Many people are still in _____ habit of writing silly things in ______public places. A. the ; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. the ; the D. 不填; 不填 一、在空白处填入a / an或the。 1. This morning I bought _____ newspaper and _____ magazine. _______ newspaper is in my bag but I don't know where I put ______ magazine. 2. I saw ______ accident this morning. ______ car crashed into ______ tree. ______ driver of ______ car wasn't hurt but ______ car was badly damaged. 作业 3. There are two cars parked outside: ______ blue one and _______ grey one. _______ blue one is my neighbor's; I don't know who ______ owner of _______ grey one is. 4. My friends live in _______ old house in _______ small village. There is _______ beautiful garden behind _______ house. I would like to have ______ garden like that. 5
二、熟读下列句子： I mean what I say. 我说话算数。 I owe you one. 我欠你一个人情。 I really regret it. 我真的非常后悔。 I suppose so. 我想是这样。 I thought so, too. 我也这样以为。 I understand completely. 我完全明白。 I want to report a theft. 我要报一宗盗窃案。 I want to reserve a room. 我想预定一个房间。 I was just about to call you. 我正准备打电话给你。 I was moved.= I was touched. 我很受感动。 I wasn't aware of that. 我没有意识到。 I wasn't born yesterday. 我又不是三岁小孩。 I wish I could. 但愿我能。 I wouldn't worry about it, if I were you. 如果我是你，我就不会担心。 I'd like a refund. 我想要退款。 I'd like to deposit some money. 我想存点儿钱。 I'd like to make a reservation. 我想订票。 I'll be right with you. 我马上就来。 I'll check it. 我去查一下。 I'll do my best. 我将会尽我最大努力。 I'll get it. 我去接电话。 I'll give you a hand. 我来帮助你。 I'll have to see about that. 这事儿我得想一想再定。 6
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