英语句子的各种成分
三、宾语:指的是及物动词或者介词涉及到的人或物，在动词之后的叫动词宾语，在介词之后的叫介词宾语。
句子成分：一个句子的各个组成部分，叫做句子成分，作宾语的是名词，代词或相当于名词的词。 有主要成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语，次要成分1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. 定语和状语。除此之外还有同位语、插入语、呼语和感2) The medicine is good for a cold. 叹语。
请分析一下它的句子成分！此句能简化吗？ Look, a beautiful blue European bird that is sitting on top of the tree is singing happily in front of my house, with so many other birds listening carefully around her. 英语句子的基本成分有七种：
1.主语（subject）； 2.谓语（predicate） 3.表语（predicative）； 4.宾语（object） 5.宾语补足语 ( object complement) 6.定语（attribute）；7. 状语 (adverbial)
一、主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分
3) How many pieces do you want?
4) My little sister always likes to ask questions. 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? 6) He asked me what I was going to do tonight
四、双 宾 语：有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语往往指物，而间接宾语常常指人。间接宾语通常在前。 Pass me the book, please.
为了强调直接宾语，上面的句子可以转换成： Pass the book to me, please.
1)能用to转换 的动词有bring, give, lend, pass,
有名词，代词和相当于名词的词等，主语一般在句首。 2) 能用for转换 的动词有buy，make,sing 注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist. 2) He reads newspapers everyday. 3) Two and ten is twelve.
4) Smoking is harmful to the health. 5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure. 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.
宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明 宾语 的动作,状态,特征（说明宾语在做什么，是什么，怎么样）.即VOC结构。
1) I call him Jim .
2) I find the story wonderful. 3) You should put your things in order.
4) The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.
二、谓语: 说明主语的动作，状态或特征，有动词充当，5) We saw the pupils playing basketball. 一般放在主语之后。谓语动词有实意/行为动词和系动词，实意/行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。 1) The new term begins on the 1st of September. 2) His father is an engineer. 3) She seemed happy.
4) Li Hua showed me his album. 5）The new term will begin soon. 6）I love my motherland.
6)We keep the classroom clean and tidy everyday. 五、表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动 词be(半系动词）之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态，通常在系动词之后。 1)Wang’s father is a doctor. 2) He is always careless. 3) The basketball match is on.
4) All the pupils are on the playground now.
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5) Our aim is to win more medals. 6) His work is teaching French.
7) The question is who can really repair the machines. 六、定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 Tom is a handsome boy. The two boys are students. His boy needs Tom's pen.
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. The boy needs a ball pen. The best boy here is Tom. There is nothing to do today.
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.
3) To sleep on a spring bed is very comfortable. 4) Mr. Hopkins teaches Mary English. 5) She knows how to teach English properly.
6) The next morning, we found him lying in bed, dead. 7) He is a clever boy. 8). Who are you looking for?
9). It was a pity that you didn’t watch that wonderful football match.
10) I think it is necessary to learn English. 11) I think it necessary to learn English.
12) Many accidents which occur in the streets could be prevented if we were more careful. 13) The pen works very well. 练习二：分析下列句子结构
七、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明1.The students often keep their classroom clean and tidy. 方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、2.We find it impossible to finish the task in such short 目的等。
1) She sings quite well.
2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 3) He sits there, asking for a pen.
4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 5) If I have some spare time, I will take up German. 6)He is very handsome. 九、
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词
time.
3.The question being discussed seemed important. 4.The town is beautiful.
5.Hearing that his son was badly wounded, he hurried to the hospital to see him.
6.We heard a warning on the radio 练习三：选择动词的适当形式填空
1.The person we spoke to ___no answer at first. A. make B. making C. makes D. made 2.Who do you think ___us a talk this afternoon? A. to give B. gave C. will give D. giving 3、The days we look forward to ____at last. A. comes B. to come C. came D. coming 4.We should make good use of time ___our lessons well.
A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns 5.We should do all we can ___ him.
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对前者加以说明的成分（即：……)。如：
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’） Our teacher ,Mr. Zhou is a good teacher. I love you , the students in class 2.
练习一：说出下列句子的成分： 1) I saw your uncle in the shop yesterday. 2) Her father was a Party member in 1950.
A. to help B. help C. helping D. helps
Homework Today (划分句子成分） 1.We always work hard at English. 2.He said he didn't come. 3.They love each other. 4.What did you buy?
5.She watched her daughter playing the piano. 6.Your job today is to help the old. 7.Speaking doesn't mean doing.
8. When I got to the station, the train had left. 9.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 10.I said it in fun .
11. We can send a car over to fetch you
句子成分练习题:指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分并翻译成汉语：
1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather . 2. People’s standards of living are going up now. 3.The nursery takes good care of our children . 4.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow . 5.The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother . 6.There are many films that I’d like to see. 7.Do you have something important to say? 8.I have a lot of work to do .
（或并列谓语）的句子。
1. He learns German.（一个主语和一个谓语） 2. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. （并列主语和一个谓语）
3. We sang and danced yesterday evening. （一个主语和并列谓语）
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at five in the afternoon. （并列主语和并列谓语 Ⅰ.简单句（五种句型）
1. Things changed. （主 + 谓） 2. Trees are green. （主 + 系 + 表） 3. We don’t beat children. (主 + 谓 + 宾) 4. He gave his sister the piano.
(主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语) 5. I found the book easy.
(主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补) 练习一：判断下面句子为哪一种句型 1.Nobody went. 2.She became a doctor. 3.The car caught fire. 4.I will write you a long letter. 5.I will let him go.
6.My parents live in the country。 7.AhFu followed her there
8.They saw AhFu swimming towards the bank. 9. There you’ll see a lake
10. Jim brought me my English book。 11. Kate called her cat Mimi.
英语句法(二）
句子类型:按照句子结构可分为：简单句 一、 简单句
含有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语
12. You try to get the other person down on the floor. 13.We gave the presents to Grandma.
14. In my spare time I enjoy listening to pop music. 15. Education is free for all the children.
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16. The fish smells terrible. 17. Mum told us not to play with fire. 18. He has had his watch repaired. 19. He continued his study at a university. 20. We can’t afford to buy a tractor. 21. They gave me over 400 francs.
22. We will have lunch at the place of visit. 23. We will set out after breakfast at eight.
24. I have heard some people say “He is taller than me” instead of “He is taller than I”. 二、.并列句：
由两个或两个以上并列而又 相互独立的简单句构成，
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 三、复合句
包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属连词引导.
The boy whose mother is a teacher is Tom. He said that he didn’t like her when she was young. 根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。其中名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句 1. What he said is not known.
两个简单句由并列连词连在一起。 其结构是： 2.That is what he wants to buy.
简单句1+并列连词+简单句2。
He has studied English for only one year, but he can read and write now.
Keep on and you will make progress. Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
He works hard while his brother is a lazy bone. It was late, so I went to bed.
He knocked at the door; there was no answer. 并列连词的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。
e.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John.
3.I don’t know when he will come. 4. When spring came, leaves turn green. 5.we will build a snowman ,if it snows tomorrow,. 6.Because I didn’t know the way, I asked a policeman
练习简单句、并列句和复合句
判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isn't there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise6. He was fond of drawing when he was still a child. 等。
e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn't it?
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, however, yet, while等。 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. I like apples, while he likes bananas.
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10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
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