MBA联考重点词汇知识

【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】

A

abandon vt.放弃, 遗弃 n.放任, 狂热 abandon oneself to 沉缅于, 陷入

He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money. 他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。 同义辩析：abandon desert forsake quit 都含有“放弃”、“遗弃”的意思。

abandon 强调“完全、永远地遗弃”, 尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物, 如: She abandoned her child. 她遗弃了她的孩子。

desert 强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”, 如: The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy. 那个士兵叛国助敌。

forsake 指“遗弃某人以前所爱的人或物”, 强调“断绝情感上的依恋”, 如: She pleaded with her husband not to forsake her. 她恳求丈夫不要抛弃她。

quit 强调“突然或不意地弃去”, 常指“停止”, 如: She quitted her job. 她放弃了自己的工作。

abatement n.减（免）税，打折扣，冲销 aboard adv.在船(飞机、车)上, 上船(飞机、车) prep.在(船、飞机、车)上, 上(船、飞机、车)

absent adj.不在的, 缺席的, 缺少的,心不在焉的，vt.缺席 He is absent on business.

他因事缺席。 He is absent from . 他不在。 He looked at me in an absent way. 他茫然地望着我。 absorb vt.吸收；吸引...的注意；吞并；兼并 This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占有了我的全部时间。 be absorbed by被...吞并, 为...所吸收 absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意 be absorbed in全神贯注在..., 一心从事, 热衷于 accent n.重音, 口音, 重音符 He speaks with a strong southern accent. 他说话带有很浓的南方口音。 She told me her story in broken accent. 她泣不成声地告诉我她的经历。 accept vt.接受；承认；认可； accept the situation听天由命 accept an office承担一个职务 accept a note承兑票据 acceptance n.接受 accommodation n.住宿，膳宿；通融；贷款； (车, 船, 飞机等的)预定铺位, (眼睛等的)适应性调节 as a matter of accommodation 为...便利计 book accommodation at a hotel 向旅馆预定房间 This hospital has accommodation(s) for 400 patients. 这个医院有400个床位。 It's a great accommodation to me. 这对我很方便。 account a.叙述，说明；帐目，帐户 vi.说明，解释（原因等） on account of 因为；由于 acount for 解释；说明： accounting n.会计，会计学；借贷对照表 accuse vt.控告, 谴责, 非难 accuse sb. of ...指控某人... The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。 accustomed adj.通常的, 习惯的, unaccustomed adj.不习惯的, 不平常的, 奇怪的 I am unaccustomed to public show. 我不习惯抛头露面。 acquire vt.获得,学得(知识等), 养成(习惯等) acquire knwledge of 求得...的知识 Some people go back for their education to acquire another degree or diploma to impress the society. 有些人回到学校去接受教育,是想再取得一个学位或一张文凭,以增强自己在社会上的地位。 acute a.敏锐的；剧烈的；厉害的 acutely adv. 尖锐地; 剧烈地 She still has very acute hearing, though she is eighty years old. 尽管她已经八十岁了,但她的听觉仍然很灵敏。 同义辩析：acute keen sharp 意思都含“锐利的”(包括它的引伸义)意思。用于物时,sharp 指“尖或刃”, 如: a sharp point 锐利的尖。 keen 一般指“刃”, 如: a keen edge 锋刃。 acute 只用于学术语中, 如: 用于人时, sharp 表示“有洞察力的, 精明的, 机警的”, 着重“狡猾”“不易受骗”, 如: You won't catch him. He's very sharp. 你骗不了他, 他精明极了。 keen 表示人的“锐敏”、 “聪明”、 “善于思索”, 如: He's a keen mind. 他头脑灵敏。 acute 侧重指“人观察事物的深刻性以及分辨问题的细致性。” 如: He has given an acute analysis of the situation. 他对形势做了深刻的分析。 adapt vt.使适应, 改编 adapt for 使适合于; 为...改编[改写] adapt from 根据...改写[改编] adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于某事 adapt sth. to 使某事物适应或适合 The movie was adapted from a novel. 这部电影是由小说改编的。 (adopt vt.采用, 收养 The resolution was adopted by a vote of 180 in favour to 10 against it. 决议案以一百八十票对十票获得通过。 One refers to an adopted child but to adoptive parents.表示 adopted（被收养的）孩子而不是 adoptive（有收养关系的）父母) administration n.管理，经营；行政机关； admire v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕 We all admired her for the way she saved the children from the fire. 她把孩子们从大火中救出来,我们都钦佩不已。 Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humour. 人人都钦佩他那绝妙的幽默感。 admit v.容许, 承认, 接纳 This ticket admits two people to the football match. 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。 He admitted his crime. 他招认了罪行。 The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation. 这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。 (admit of容许有; 有...可能; 容有...的余地) 同义辩析：admit acknowledge confess 意都含“承认”的意思。 admit 通常指因外界压力、良心或判断而承认某事的存在或真实性, 含“不情愿”之意, 如: I admit that she is right. 我承认她是对的。 acknowledge 指“公开承认”, 常用于过去隐瞒或否认之事,如: With so much evidence against him he had to acknowledge his error. 在这么多的证据面前, 他不得不承认错误。 confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶, 因此有“忏悔”、“坦白”的含意, 如: He has confessed his crime. 他承认了自己的罪行(含坦白之意)。 adulteration n.掺假；劣等货，假货，次品 advance vi.前进，推进，取得进展 n.前进，进展；预付款 in advance 预先 You must pay for the book in advance. 你必须预先付书的钱。 advance of 在…之前 advertise v.为...做广告 affect vt.影响, (使)感动 He was deeply affected by my words. 他听了我的话很受感动。 同义辩析：affect effect influence 作为动词, 都含“影响”的意思。 affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对...产生不利影响”的意思, 如: This article will affect my thinking. 这篇文章将会影响我的思想。 effect 指“实现”、“达成”,着重“造成”一种特殊的效果, 如: This book effected a change in my opinion. 这本书使我的看法起了变化。 influence 指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响”, 如: Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine. 在一位中学生物教师的影响下, 他从事医学研究。 （affect, influence, touch, impress,sway,move这组动词的一般含义为使人或能作出反应的物产生或受到影响。） affiliate n.附属公司；联营公司 afford vt.提供, 给予, 供应得起,花得起时间 The transaction afforded him a good profit. 这笔买卖使他赚了一大笔。 If we could afford it, we'd like to go abroad for our holidays. 如果出得起旅费,我们想到国外去度假。 aftermarket n.后继市场；零件市场 aged adj.年老的, ...岁的, 老年人特有的 My daughter is aged 7 years. 我女儿7岁。 The sick and the aged need our help. 病人和老人需要我们帮助。 agency n.代理处，机构 agent n.代理人，代理商 aggregate a.总的，累积的 ~GNP国民生产总值 agreement n.一致，同意；协议，合同 agree on [upon] 对...达成协议; 对...取得一致意见 agree to sth. 同意某事 agree to differ 同意各自保留不同意见 agree with 同意...的意见; 与...一致; 对...适合 alone adj.单独的,孤独的, 独自的 adv.独自地, [用在名词或代词之后]只有, 唯有, 仅仅 He went home alone. 他独自一人回家去了。 (lonely adj.孤独的, 寂寞的, 偏僻的, 人迹罕至的 \"The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean.\" 这个人要飞往洛卡尔--大西洋上的一个孤岛。) amateur n.业余爱好者, 业余艺术家 adj.业余的, (来自拉丁语amator情人) amaze vt.使吃惊 be amazed at (by) 对...大为惊奇 be amazed to see [hear, find] 看到[听到, 发现]...感到吃惊 Visitors were amazed at the achievements in the car manufacture of the city during the past decade. 参观者对这城市过去十年中汽车制造工业的成就感到惊奇。 同义辩析：amaze astonish surprise 都含有“使...惊异” 的意思,而且它们都是一般以事物或他人作主语, 以本人作宾语; 以本人作主语时用被动形式。 amaze强调“使惊异, 困惑”间或还有“惊叹, 佩服”的意思, 是意义很强的词, 如: We were amazed at the ingenuity with which they solved their difficulties. 他们在解决困难中所表现的智慧使我们惊叹[佩服]。 astonish表示“使吃一惊”、“几乎无法使人相信”, 但没有“惊叹”的意思, 如: I was astonished at his rudeness. 他的粗野使 我大吃一惊。 surprise语气较上述两词弱, 只表示“出乎意外地惊异”, 如: We were surprised at finding the house empty. 我们惊讶地发现房子是空的。 a.m. abbr上午，午前 (ante meridiem): amount n.数量，数额，总数 v.（与to连用）共计，等于 in amount 总之, 结局; 总计 never [not] amount to anything 一事无成 Their traveling expenses amount to seven hundred dollars. 他们的旅费共达700 美元。 Your words amount to a refusal. 你的话等于回绝了。 application n.请求，申请；应用 apply vt.请求，申请；应用；适用 apply to 适用于, 应用于, apply for 申请; 请求, 接洽 apply oneself to 致力于, 集中精力做某事 appraisal n.评价；估价，鉴定 appreciate v.欣赏；领会；评价；感激；增值 Do you appreciate good wine? 你会鉴赏好酒吗？ We appreciate your efforts for the development of the company. 我们感激你对公司发展所作的努力。 appreciation n.鉴赏；升值，增值 appropriate n.拨出（款项等）；占用；挪用 The government appropriated a large sum of money for building schools. 拨出一大笔钱修建学校。 to appropriate public funds 挪用 The minister was found to have appropriated government money. 被发现曾盗用。 article n.文章；条款；物件，商品；冠词 assemble vt.集合, 聚集, 装配 vi.集合 All the people assembled at Mary's house. 所有的人都聚集在玛丽的屋子里。 assessment n.评估；确定金额 assessor n.估计财产的人；确定税款的人 asset n.(单项)财产；（pl.）资产 ~account资产帐户 ~s income资产收益 ~s settlement资产决算 assign v.指派，指定；（与to连用）分配，过户；转让 The two governments assigned a day for the next negotiation. 两国确定了下一轮谈判的日期。 The monitor was assigned to take notes for the meeting. 班长被分派作会议记录。 assignment n.分配，指派；（分配的）任务；（布置的）作业；转让 assistant n.助手, 助教 adj.辅助的, 助理的, 副的 assistant manager副经理 assistant professor助教授(低于副教授高于讲师) assistantship n.(大学)研究生奖学金(该研究生同时为 assistant) associate vt.联想 vi.交往, 结交 n.合作人, 同事 adj.副的 What do you associate with such a heavy snow?这样一场大雪你有什么联想? We associate China with the Greet Wall. 我们想起中国, 就联想到长城。 associate editor[美]副主编 associate judge陪审法官 astonish vt.使惊讶 be astonished at sth.对某事感到惊讶 I was astonished when I heard the hospital had burnt down. 当我听到那所医院被烧毁时，我大为惊讶。 He was astonished at what he found. 他发现的情况使他十分惊讶。 attach vt.缚上, 系上, 贴上 v.配属, 隶属于 attach to加入，参加, 加于…之上 Pro. Smith was attached to the medical college as a guest professor for two years. 史密斯教授在医学院当了两年的客座教授。 No blame attaches to him for the accident. 这个事故他没有受到责备。 attempt vt.尝试, 企图（常与to连用） n.努力, 尝试, 企图（常与at, on, to连用） An astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary spaceship and then return to it. 一名宇航员将试着离开停着的宇宙飞船,然后再回到里面去。 She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她试着做这顿饭。 attract vt.吸引, 引起(兴趣、注意等); 诱惑 She was attracted by the novel advertisement. 她被这新颖的广告吸引住了。 Flowers attract many bees. 鲜花招引来许多蜜蜂。 attorney n.代理人，被委托人 average n.平均，平均数，一般水平 a.平均的，中等的，平常的 v.平均为 on (an) average 通常；按平均 We average 8 hours' work a day. 我们每天平均工作八小时。 avoid vt.避免, 消除 I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我横穿马路以便避开他,但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。 To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colours. 为避免混淆,两队分穿不同颜色的衣服。 award n.奖, 奖品 vt.授予, 判给 awardee n.受奖者 awarder n.授奖者 He was awarded a gold cup in acknowledgment of his creative achievements for the development of the company. 公司奖给他一个金杯,以感谢他为公司发展所作出的创造性成就。 aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意识到的 be aware of 知道, 意识到 become aware of 发觉, 注意到 We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms. 我们十分清楚你们对我们提出的条件肯定会有什么反应。 同义辩析：aware conscious sensible 都含有“意识到的”意思。 aware 侧重“感官所意识到的外界事物”, Everybody is aware of the importance of the Four Modernizations. 每个人都意识到了四化的重要性。 conscious 侧重“心理感知”, 如: He is conscious of a sense of quilt. 他感到内疚。 sensible 指“可用感官察觉到的(较复杂或抽象的事物的)”, 如: I was sensible of her solemn grief. 我知道她很悲哀。 awful adj.可怕的, 威严的, <口>极度的, 糟糕的 had an awful day at the office. 在办公室里度过了糟糕的一天 B balance vt.使平衡，使收支平衡 n.天平；平衡；结存，差额 ballooning n.股票上涨；非法操纵价格 ban n./vt.禁止，禁令，取缔 bank n.银行；岸，堤 banker n.银行家 banking n.银行业；银行学 bankrupt n.破产者 vt.使破产 a.破产的 go bankrupt 破产 play the bankrupt破产, 不能偿还债务 His wife's extravagance soon bankrupted him. 他妻子的奢侈生活很快就使他破产了。 bankruptcy n.破产 bargain n.交易；便宜货 bear v.忍受；承担；生育；结（果实） bear on涉及；关于 (= bear upon) What he says bears no relation to the the problem under discussion. 他所说的与正在讨论的问题毫无关系。 bear in mind 牢记在心 You must bear in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor. 你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。 bend v.弯曲, 专心于, 屈服 n.弯曲 The stream bends to the west. 这条小河折向西流。 It is possible to bend nature to human will? 有可能让大自然服从人类的意志吗? He bent his mind to the job. 他专心于他的工作。 “Few will have the greatness to bend history itself, but each of us can work to change a small portion of events”(Robert F. Kennedy) “几乎没有人伟大到足以改变历史本身，但我们每个人都可以改变事情的一小部分”(罗伯特F.肯尼迪) beneficiary n.受益人 bid v.投标；出价，报价 Bids for building the bridge were invited. 应邀参加建造那座桥梁的投标。 bidder n.（拍卖时的）出价人，报价人；投标人 bill n.帐单，清单；钞票；票据 board n.木板；伙食；董事会 vt.上飞机（或船、车） drawing board 制图板 chess board 棋盘 Each student has to pay $100 a month for board and lodging.( board and lodging.膳宿) 每个学生每月需付一百美元的膳宿费。 The board of the directors unanimously agreed that Mr White was the best candidate for the job.( a board of trustees; a board of directors. 理事会；董事会) 董事会一致同意怀特先生是干这项工作的最佳候选人。 He boarded the bus. 他上了公共汽车。 bonus n.额外津贴；奖金；红利 booking n.订货；未交订货；记帐 boom a.高涨；繁荣，兴旺 borrow v.借，借入 bottleneck n.瓶颈；妨碍生产的卡脖子环节 brains n.智力, 脑髓 the brains一组聪明人 Some of the best brains in the province are here tonight. 今晚我们省内的一些智囊人物云集在这里。 brainstorm vi.动脑筋，出主意，想办法，献计献策 brainstorm a more permanent solution to a problem 群策群力设法找到一个长期有效的解决办法 brand n.商标，牌子 vt.打烙印...于 break v.打破；损坏；破坏；中断；（物价等）暴跌；倒闭 n.（课间或工间）休息时间；破产；倒闭 breeze n微风；和风；柔风 broke a.破产的 broken a.破了的，破碎的 broker n.经纪人 (One that acts as an agent for others, as in negotiating contracts, purchases, or sales in return for a fee or commission.) bubble n.高风险投资；泡；水泡 budget n.预算 the bulb of the eye 眼球 the bulb of an electric lamp 电灯泡 bull n.公牛；粗壮的人；买空 bull-bear n.多头空头 bunch n.串, 束v.捆成一束 a bunch of flowers 一束花 a bunch of keys 一串钥匙 a bunch of newspapers一捆报纸 a bunch of sheep一群羊 bundle n.捆, 束, 包 a bundle of magazines一捆杂志 a bundle of old clothes一包旧衣服 bush n灌木；矮树 a clump of bushes一片灌木林 business n.商业，生意；事务 butter n.黄油, 牛油 vt.涂黄油于...上 spread butter on bread 把黄油涂在面包上 butter up 谄媚，夸耀极度地赞美或奉承： You're always buttering up the boss. 你总是拍老板的马屁 by-business n 副业，兼职 (by-表示“次要的, 附带的”之义) by-law n.公司章程；细则，附则 by-product副产品 C cabin n.小屋, 船舱 cabinet n.(有抽屉或格子的)橱柜, <美>内阁 a medicine cabinet 药架 a Cabinet Minister 内阁 cadre n.干部 cafe n.咖啡馆, 小餐馆 cage n笼子；鸟笼 call v.称为；叫喊（常与out连用）；打电话 n.喊叫；访问；（一次）通话；付款要求（通知书） call a loan. 讨还借债 He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank. 他大声招呼着那些小孩,并把球抛回到岸上。 注意：call at 的宾语通常为house,office等之类的名词，或不用at,不跟宾语。 call on 的宾语通常为表示人的名词或代词。call in 表示顺路到某处或某家。 He called at every house in the street once a month. 这条街的每一户人家他每月都要访问一次. I called on him yesterday,but he could not help us. 我昨天去拜访他了，但他帮不了我们的忙. After crossing the equator,the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted. 过了赤道之后，船长顺路停靠了一个港口，以便装上一个新舵。 同义辩析：call summon invite 都含“召唤”、“邀请”的意思。 call系常用词, 意思是“叫唤某人”,“请...来”, 如: He called the waiter over. 他召唤侍者过来。 summon属正式用语, 指“来自权威人士的召集或传唤”,尤指用于正式的集会或职务方面, 如: The judge summoned me to give evidence. 法官传我(出庭)作证。 invite 指“有礼貌地邀请”, 如: We invited her to our dinner party. 我们邀请她赴宴。 canal n.运河,沟渠 The canals take water to the rice fields. 水渠把水送到稻田里。 the alimentary canal of the human body. 人体内的消化管道。 candle n.蜡烛 为争取选票在选举区举行游说 capacity n. 容量；能力；生产量 capital n.首都；资本；大写字母 a.主要的，基本的；资本的 cargo n.货物，船货 carpenter n.木匠(Carpenter n.卡彭特(姓氏)) carriage n.马车；（铁路）客车车厢；运输，运费 carve v.雕刻, He carved the figure of a woman from a piece of wood. 他用一块木头雕了一个女人像。 The talented artist carved an interesting decoration from this piece of tree root. 天才的艺术家把这块树根雕成一件有趣的装饰品。 cash n.现金，现款 v.兑现，付现 Can you cash this postal order for me now? 你现在能帮我兑现这张邮政汇票吗? casher n.出纳员 castle n.城堡 In this old castle you can see cannons from the 17th century. 在这座古老的城堡里你可以看到十七世纪的火炮。 (mansion n.大厦, 官邸,) palace n.宫, 宫殿 cattle n 牛(总称) be kittle cattle to shoe难以对付的人 ceiling n.天花板；最高限额 certificate n.证书；单据 change v.改变；兑换；更换 n.改变；零钱 change hands 易手，（买卖）转手 If it costs 25 cents and you give her an American dollar you should get 75 cents change. 如果这件东西值二十五分,而你给他一美元,应找回七十五分的零钱。 charge v.控告；索价；充电 n.收费；费用；指控；充电 chart n 图；图表；(pl)流行音乐排行榜 check vt.检查，核对；制止 n.检查，核对；支票, 饭馆的帐单 check in签到; 报到; 办理住宿手续 check out付帐离开旅馆 A sudden change of wind checked the forest fire. 风向突然一转,森林大火就被遏制了。 cheek n 脸颊；面颊 Her cheeks became red after she ran up the stairs to the six floor. 她奔上楼梯到了七楼,两颊涨得通红。 cheque（美：check） n.支票 a cheque for 100 dollars 一百美元支票 chess n.国际象棋 have a game of chess下一盘象棋 chess tournament 象棋比赛 play (at) chess 下象棋 Christian n.徒, 信徒 circulate v.循环；流通；流传 circulation n.循环；流传；流通；报刊等的发行量 claim vt.声称；要求；索赔 n.要求；主张，断言 Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident? 你的车子出事之后，要求领保险金了吗？ Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. 渔夫和水手有时声称看到过海里的妖怪。 They made a claim for higher pay. 他提出更高报酬的要求。 cliff n.悬崖, 绝壁 The mountaineer broke a leg while climbing a cliff and was hospitalized for a month. \"登山运动员在攀登悬崖峭壁时摔断了一条腿,住院治疗了一个月。\" client n.委托人；顾客 clinic n.门诊部, 临床 His clinic is near the newly-built railway station. 他的诊所在新建的火车站附近。 closed a.关闭的；停止营业的 closedown n.停业；倒闭 货到付款 coarse adj.粗糙的, 粗俗的 coarse cloth 粗织的布 coarse talk 粗鲁的谈话 同义辩析：coarse gross vulgar 都含“粗鲁的”、“不雅的”意思。 coarse 指“言语、举止等粗鲁的或不雅的”， 如：Don't use coarse words before a lady. 在妇女前不要讲粗鲁的话。 gross 指“粗野的”、“下流的”， 如： a revoltingly gross expletive 下流得令人作呕的一个虚词。 vulgar 指“粗俗的”、“卑下的”、“庸俗的”， 表示说话者对述及者的态度或意见， 如：He is a man of vulgar taste. 他是个有低级趣味的人。 fire cock 消火栓 discharge cock排水旋塞 drain cock 排气阀［旋塞］； 放水旋塞［龙头］ draw-off cock 放出开关， 放水旋塞［龙头］ coin n. 硬币 vt. 创造，杜撰（新词、新语等） coin one's brains动脑筋挣钱 coin new silver dollars铸造新银元 collapse v./n.倒塌；崩溃；(价格)暴跌；倒闭，破产 The unexpected rainstorm caused the collapse of the roof. 突然来临的暴风雨把屋顶刮塌了。 If you work too hard, your health may collapse. 如果你工作太累的话，你可能病倒。 collect v.收集；领取；收税，收帐 collective adj.集体的 n.集体 collective action 集体行动 collective goods 集体财产， 公共设施 class collective 班集体 collection n.收集；募捐；收藏品；收款，收帐 column n.圆柱, 柱壮物, 专栏, 纵队 commerce n.商业；贸易 commence v.开始, 着手 commence on 着手 commence with 从...开始 We commence building on March 18th. 我们于三月十八日开工。 commercial a.商业的，商务性的 n.商业广告 The aim of the repetitions of the same commercial on television is nothing but to brainwash consumers into compulsive sonsumption. 电视上反复地播放同一个广告的目的无非是想宣传得使消费者非用不可。 commission n.委员会；佣金；手续费；授权；代办；委托 United Nations Commission-on International Trade Law联合国国际贸易法律委员会 commission agent代理人， 经纪人 commission house证券经纪公司［交易所］ Some salesmen in big shops receive a commission of 10％ on everything they sell, as well as a salary. 大商店有些店员不仅有薪金， 而且还可抽取所售货物百分之十的佣金。 commodity n.商品；日用品 compensate v.赔偿，补偿 compensation n.报酬，赔偿金 compete vi.竞争，比赛 competition n.竞争（with， in）， 比赛(in), 对抗(against， with) compete with other countries for world market 与其它国家竞争国际市场 compete in a race 参加赛跑 compete with [against] sb. for sth. 与某人竞争而获得某物 The young tennis player has often competed against famous players, but so far he has always been beaten. 那位年轻的网球运动员常与着名球员对抗比赛，可是到目前为止，他总是输的。 competitor n.竞争者 compass n.罗盘, 指南针, [pl.] 圆规 complain vi.抱怨，申诉 vt.抱怨， 控诉［常与that从句连用］ They complained about the food. 他们抱怨这糟糕的食物。 The boy complained of a pain in his stomach. 这孩子说他肚子痛。 They complained that the wages were too low. 他们抱怨工资过低。 complaint n.抱怨，诉苦；申诉 complex a.复杂的，综合的 n.综合企业，综合体 The new sports complex has everything needed for many different activities. 新建的综合体育馆能为多种活动提供所需要的设施。 同义辩析：complex, complicated, intricate 这几个形容词的一般含义是“复杂的”。 complex指组成某种机器的零件、构成某件事的因素或构成数学题的元素不仅很多，而且相互的关系或相互的作用也令人眼花缭乱，只有学识深的人或具有专门知识的人才能处理。 the complex mechanism of a watch 手表的复杂结构 the complex modern world 复杂的现代世界 Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law. 正义是复杂的法律机器的一部分。 complicated具有complex的一切意义，但更强调复杂得难以解释或理解。一道算式题可能非常complex,但未必确实complicated；而一道complicated算式一般总是complex的。 The old view of Galileo was delightfully uncomplicated. 过去对伽利略的看法并不复杂(指不深奥)，这是令人欣然的。 The apparatus thus described, however, records only the horizontal component of the wave movement. 然而，仪器的如此描画只记录下波的运动的水平组成部分，但是事实上波的运动要复杂得多（指不易解释）。 intricate 通常指交织在一起的众多因素，而且很难理出头绪来。 The child was perplexed by the intricate plot of the story. 这孩子被那头绪纷繁的故事弄得迷惑不解。 complicated adj.复杂的, 难解的 composition n组成；构成, 作文,乐曲 I have no idea who decided the composition of the committee? 我不知道委员会的成员是由谁选定的。 comprehensive adj.全面的, 广泛的, 详尽的 a comprehensive knowledge 渊博的知识 a comprehensive mind 宽大的心胸 The state government gave a very comprehensive explanation of its plans for the development of electronic industry. 州对电子工业发展的规划作了详尽的解释。 compress vt.压缩 compress two months' work into one 将两个月的工作并在一个月做 concern vt.涉及；关心；挂念 n.关系；关心，担忧；公司,商号，企业， as concerns关于 as (so) far as...be concerned 关于；至于；就...而言 be concerned about关心 a going concern开着的商店；发展中的事业 joint stock concern股份公司 paying concern有收益的企业 That doesn't concern me. 那与我无关。 We are all concerned for [about] her safety. 我们大家都担心着她的安全。 concrete adj.具体的, 有形的 n.混凝土 make a concrete analysis of concrete problems 对具体问题作具体分析 Have you any concrete suggestions on how to deal with these difficulties? (喻)\"对怎样解决这些困难,你有没有什么具体建议?\" condemn vt.判刑(常与to连用), 声讨, 谴责 Most people are willing to condemn violence of any sort as evil. 大多数人都愿意把任何暴力行为视作恶行加以谴责。 be condemned to death 被判死刑 condense v.(使)浓缩, 精简 a condensed account of an event 对某事件的简要叙述 A long story may be condensed into a few sentences. 一个长篇故事可缩写成几句话。 conflict n.斗争, 冲突 vi.抵触, 冲突 conflict between the two countries 两国间的冲突 class conflict 阶级斗争 All these actions by the NATO conflicted with the universally accepted international laws. 北约的这些行动都与公认的国际法相抵触。 conglomerate n.联合大企业 conscience n.良心, 道德心 according to one's conscience 凭良心 have a bad [guilty, an evil] conscience 有愧于良心， 内疚 have a clear [good] conscience 问心无愧 A quiet conscience sleeps in thunder. [谚] 没做亏心事， 不怕鬼叫门。 consent vi. (常与of连用)同意, 赞成, 答应 n.同意, 赞成, 允诺 I asked my mother if I could go out, and she consented. 我问妈妈我是否能出去，她答应了。 conservative adj.保守的, 守旧的 n.保守派, 保守党 The researchers made a conservative guess at the population of Tokyo. 研究人员对东京的人口作了一项保守的估计。 considerable adj.相当大(或多)的, 值得考虑的, 相当可观的 The TV play received considerable acclaim. 这部电视剧获得很高评价。 The economy was a considerable issue in the campaign. 在竞选运动中经济是一个重要问题 consideration n.考虑；体贴；审议；报酬 consignment n.寄售；发货；委托；交运货物 consignment invoice 发货单 consignment note 发货通知书 Their consignment of bananas was / were bad. 他们托运的一批香蕉质量不好。 consolidation n.企业合并 consult vt商量；查阅；咨询 without consulting sb.没征求某人的意见 consult reference books翻阅参考书 I consulted George about buying a car. 我向乔治请教购买小汽车的事。 consume vt.消耗，消费 consumer n.消费者，用户 consumerism n.保护消费者利益主义；商品的消费和销售性服务 consumption n.消耗，消费 contemporary n.同时代的人 adj.当代的, 同时代的 Marlowe was contemporary with Shakespeare. 马洛与莎士比亚是同时代的。 同义辩析：contemporary contemporaneous 都含 “同时代的”意思。 contemporary 可用于人或事物， 如： contemporary records of events 同时代的大事记。 contemporaneous只用于物，如： contemporaneous events 同时发生的事件 contract n.合同，契约；承包 v.订合同；收缩 ～for(of) purchase n.购货合同 ～for(of) service n.劳务合同 ～interest n.放定利息 ～life n.合同有效期限 Their firm have contracted to build a double-purpose bridge across the river.他们公司已签约承建一座横跨大江的两用大桥。 contributor n.捐助人；纳税人 controller n.主计员；总会计师 convention n.大会, 协定, 习俗, 惯例 Convention now allows women to smoke in public. 现在习俗允许妇女在公共场所吸烟。 convert vt.使转变（常与into连用），使转化；兑换（货币） That building has been converted into a school. 那座楼房改成学校了。 I want to convert some dollars into American dollars. 我想把一些港元换成美元。 coordinate vt.协调， 调整 coordinate the function of govenment agencies 调整机构的作用 coordinate with each other互相配合 copyright n.版权，着作权 corporation n.(股份有限)公司；法人 correspond vi.符合（与with, to连用）, 协调, 通信（常与with连用）, 相当, These goods don't correspond with my order. 这些货物与我的订货单不符。 The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. 美国国会相当于英国议会。 to correspond with a friend 和一个朋友通信 corrupt adj.的, 贪污的 vt.使腐烂, 腐蚀, 使恶化 vi.腐烂, 堕落 a corrupt official贪官污吏 The businessman was sent to prison for trying to corrupt a tax official with money. 他因企图向税务行贿而被判入狱。 cost n.成本，费用；代价 v.值（多少钱）；花费 council n. 地方议会, 理事会, 委员会 the United Nations Security Council 联合理会 counterfeit n./v.伪造，假冒 n.假货，伪造品 (fake n.假货, 欺骗 vt.伪造, 赝造) cousin n.堂兄弟姊妹, 表兄弟姊妹 cover vt.盖，覆盖；包括，论及；负担支付，弥补，补空，冲销 n.盖子；封面 creature n.人, 生物 She was a poor creature. 她曾是个可怜的女人。 creatures of the dictators者的走狗 credit n.信贷；信誉；学分 vt.信任，计入贷方 , （常与to, with连用）存入（账户） Do you give credit to what the man said? 你相信那人讲的话吗？ This course carries three credits. 这门课程有三个学分。 Please credit my account with $1000. 请将1000美元存入我的帐户。 crisis n.危机；紧急关头 crush vt.压碎, to crush all opposition 一切反对派 This machine crushes wheat grain to make flour.这台机器把麦粒辗压成面粉。 cunning adj.奸诈的；狡猾的 as cunning as a fox 象狐狸一样狡猾 curb vt.制止，控制，抑制 High interest rates put a curb on spending. 高利率抑制了消费 currency n.货币 current adj. 当今的；通用的；流行的 n.涌流, 趋势, 电流, 水流, 气流 go with the current of the times 顺应时代的潮流 overcome current difficulties 克服当前的困难 custom n.习惯；（pl.）海关，关税 His custom was to get up early and have a cold bath. 他的习惯是早起，然后洗个冷水澡。 At the airport; the customs officers searched his case. 在机场，海关人员检查了他的箱子。 cutback n.削减生产，削减人员 The political effects of food cutbacks could be devastating. “食物短缺所带来的政治影响可能是毁灭性的” cycle n.周期；循环；自行车 vi.骑自行车；循环 He cycles to school every day. 他每天骑车上学。 D dairy n.牛奶场; 制酪场 diary n.日记 dam n.水坝 A new dam is now being built at the valley. 河谷里正在建一座新水坝。 damage vt./n.毁坏，损害 n.(pl.)损害赔偿费 The storm did a lot of damage to the crops. 暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。 The court awarded ￡500 in damages to the injured. 法庭判给受伤者500英镑的赔偿费。 dash n.冲撞, 破折号, 飞跑 vi. 猛撞；冲撞 The boat was dashed against the rocks. 那船猛地撞到礁石上。 to make a dash for (or at) 向…急进；冲向 dawn n.黎明, 破晓(dusk n.薄暮, 黄昏) vi.破晓 at dawn 拂晓时 from dawn till dusk 从早到晚 the dawn of victory 胜利的曙光 dead a.死的，无生命的，无感觉的；不景气的，呆滞的；停顿的 deal v.处理，安排；给予 n.交易，买卖 How would you deal with an armed burglar? 遇到持有武器的盗贼，你将如何对付？ I've dealt with this shop for 20 years. 我同这家商店做生意已经有20年了。 dealer n.买卖人，商人；经销商，证券商 debt n.债务，欠债 debtor n.债务人；借方 decent adj. 体面的；得体的 decline v.下降；谢绝 n.减少；衰落 I declined their offer of help. 我谢绝了他们提出的帮助。 an empire that has declined 业已衰落的帝国 同义辩析：decline refuse reject 都含“拒绝”的意思。 decline 指“较正式地、有礼貌地谢绝”,如: He declined the nomination. 他谢绝提名。 refuse 系普通用语,指“坚决、果断或坦率地拒绝”, 如: He refused to take the money. 他拒绝接受此款。 reject指“以否定、敌对的态度而当面拒绝”, They rejected damaged goods. 他们拒收损坏的货物。 deduct v.扣除；减去 deduct the tax from the paycheck 从薪金中扣除税款 deed n.行为；功绩；契约；证件 default n./v.拖欠，违约 defects n.不合格品 defend vt.防护, 辩护, 防卫, The accused man had a lawyer to defend him. 被告有一律师为他辩护。 deficit n.亏损，亏空；赤字，逆差 cover the deficit 弥补亏损 deficit financing 赤字财政 deficit spending 赤字开支 financial deficit 财政赤字, 预算赤字 foreign trade deficit 对外贸易逆差 delivery n.投递，交送，交付；交货 delicate adj娇嫩的；微妙的；精细的 Delicate plants must be protected from cold wind and frost. 娇弱的植物必须妥为保护以避免风霜的侵袭。 a delicate subject 微妙的主题 demand vt./n.要求；需要；需求 supply and demand 供与求 active demand 畅销 meet the demand满足需要; 符合要求 It is impossible to satisfy all demands. 有求必应是不可能的。 demonstrate vt.示范, 证明, 示威 How do you demonstrate that the earth is round? 你怎样证明地球是圆的? demonstrated against tax hikes. 示威反对税收上涨 departure n.离开；出发； departure and arrival 开出和到达 a new departure 新起点, 新方案, 新 deposit vt.存放；储蓄；使沉积 n.存款；押金；沉淀物 current deposit 活期存款 He put a deposit on a house. 他给一所房子付了押金。 She deposited her money in the bank. 她把钱存在银行里。 depreciation n.折旧；价值下降 depression n.萧条，不景气 description n.描述，形容；种类 deserve vt.应受, 值得（常与to 连用） These people deserve our help. 这些人值得我们帮助。 despair n.绝望, 失望, vi.绝望（常与of连用） I despair of ever seeing my daughter again. 再也见不到我女儿了，我很失望。 They despaired of winning the game. 他们不抱比赛得胜的希望。 devalue n.贬值 detect vt.察觉, 发觉, The dentist could detect no sign of decay in her teeth. 牙医在她的牙齿上找不到蛀蚀的迹象。 diagram n.图表；图解 draw a diagram showing how the machine works.绘图说明机器如何运转. flow-process diagram 流程图 dial n.刻度盘, 钟面, (自动电话)拨号盘 v.拨 dictation n.听写, 口述 We'll have dictation today. 我们今天要听写了。 difference n.差别，差异；差额 direct adj.径直的, 直接的 vt.指向, 指挥, 管理, 导演 \"Excuse me, can you direct me to the station?\" \"对不起,你能不能告诉我去火车站怎么走?\" direction n. 方向；指令；（pl.）用法说明 Full directions inside.内附详细说明书。 give directions予以指示 in all directions四面八方; 各方面 in the direction of朝 ... 方向 director n.主管，主任；董事；导演 dirty adj.肮脏的, 卑鄙的, 下流的 dirty language 淫秽的语言 a dirty trick 卑鄙的伎俩 Those young people often sat in the cafe around the corner drinking and telling dirty stories. \"那些年青人常常在拐角的咖啡馆里,边喝酒边讲下流故事。\" discharge vt.放出；排出；发射 n 放出；排出；释放 a discharge of electricity 放电器 The water pipe doesn't discharge freely. 水管排水畅通。 The stove chimney discharged dark smoke. 火炉的烟囱冒出黑烟。 The prisoners were glad to get their discharges. 犯人们获释都很高兴。 disclose vt.揭露, 透露 The president disclosed the fact that he was put into prison wrongly twenty years before. 董事长透露说他自己在二十年前曾被冤枉地送进监牢。 discount n.折扣，折价；贴现 disguise v.假装, 伪装, 掩饰 n.伪装 in disguise 伪装, 化装 make no disguise of 不掩饰 in (under) the disguise of伪装成, 在...伪装下 The soldiers disguised themselves by wearing white garments in the snow.在雪地里战士们穿着白色服装把自己伪装起来。 It is impossible to disguise the fact that finance is bad. 财政困难这一事实是无法隐瞒的。 dishonour n./vt.拒付 disinflation n.反通货膨胀 dismiss vt.解散, 开除, 解职, 不考虑 vi.(口令)解散! dismiss sb. from his post撤销某人的职务 be dismissed from the service 被免职; 被解雇 He was dismissed from his job.他被解雇了。 The teacher dismissed the class five minutes earlier. 老师提前5分钟下课了。 He dismissed all thoughts of running for office.他不再考虑参加竞选活动 display vt./n.展览，陈列；展销；显示 (exhibit vt.展出, 陈列n.展览品 show vt./n.表示, 展览, 放映) the dissolution of Parliament 国会解散 the dissolution of marriage 解除婚姻 distinct adj.清楚的, 明显的, 截然不同的 Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other. 这两个建议截然不同。 There is a distinct improvement in your study. 你的学习有显着进步。 distinctive adj.与众不同的, 有特色的 This bird has several distinctive features. 这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。 同义辩析：distinctive distinct distinct指某物与其他东西有显着的区别； distinctive指某个特性或特点使我们能够区分某物与他物。 Alcohol has a very distinctive smell; it's quite distinct from the smell of wine.\"酒精有独特的气味,它和葡萄酒的气味明显不同。\" distribute vt.分发，分配；分布 distribute books among the students 把书分给学生 be distributed into three classes分为三类 distribute seeds over a field在田间播种 distribution n.分发，分配；分布 ditch n.沟, 沟渠, 壕沟 The water flows into the ditch at the edge of the rice field.水从稻田边流进沟里。 dividend n.股利，股息，红利 pay a 10％ dividend 付一成股息 downpayment n.预付定金；分期付款 draft n.草稿，草图；汇票 vt.起草 draft a bill 起草法案 drain n.排水沟, 消耗, 排水 v.排（水）, 放（水） Your kitchen drain has become blocked by tea leaves. 你家厨房的排水管被茶叶堵上了。 The water drained away slowly. 水排得很慢。 drill n.钻孔机, 钻子,训练, 操练 v.训练, 钻孔 They drilled boulder's for inserting dynamite. 他们在大石头上钻孔以便装炸药。 to drills students in English grammar 让学生练习英语语法 draw n.平局, 和局 The game ended in a draw. 比赛不分胜负. drawback n.收回税款，退税 drawing n. 图画；素描；画像; 开,提款；提存 drown v.溺死, 淹死, 淹没 Don't play by the river in case you fall in and drown! 不要在河边玩耍，以免你掉到河里淹死。 drug (pl.) , 毒品 due a. 预定的;应付的;到期的;应有的 due reward 应得的报酬 due to 因为；由…引起；由于 Her illness was due to bad food. 她的病是坏了的食物造成的。 dull adj.枯燥的, 反应迟钝的, 沉闷的 a dull mind迟钝的头脑 a dull speech 单调乏味的讲话 dumb adj.哑的, 沉默的 They remained dumb at the meeting. 他们在会上保持沉默。 (mute n.哑巴adj.哑的,沉默的 deaf [def] adj.聋的, 充耳不闻的 I've called you three times, are you deaf? 我已经叫你三遍了，你聋了吗？) dump vt.倾倒;倾销 dusk n.薄暮, 黄昏 in the dusk of the evening暮色苍茫中 duty n.职责;义务;税 dye n.染料, 染色 vt.染 Dyes come from plants or from chemicals. 染料是从植物或化学物质中得来的。 dye a white dress blue 把白衣服染成兰色 E earnings n.(常pl.)收入,收益;利润 earnest adj.认真的, 热心的, 诚挚的 in earnest认真地, 诚挚地 in good (real, sober, sad, dead)earnest 非常认真地, 郑重其事地 It is my earnest wish that you use this money to continue you study of music. 你用这笔钱继续学习音乐是我的诚恳愿望。 He was in earnest when he said he was leaving Beijing. 他真的说了他要离开北京。 economics n.经济学 economy n.经济;节约 elementary adj.初步的, 基本的 elementary arithmetic初等算术 elementary education初等教育 elementary knowledge基本知识 an elementary reading book for a child who is learning to read . 为识字儿童编的初级读物. eliminate vt.排除, 消除 eliminate the false and retain the true 去伪存真 eliminate the possibility of 排除这种可能性; 使不可能 embezzle vt 贪污，盗用；挪用（、公物等） The head of the branch bank embezzled ten thousand dollars from the bank where he worked. 银行分行行长在他工作的银行里贪污了一万美元。 (corruption n., 贪污, 堕落 defalcate n./ vi.盗用, 挪用) empire n.帝国, 帝权 the Roman Empire罗马帝国 have empire over... 对...有绝对控制权, 有极大影响 employ vt.雇用;使用 employee n.雇员 employment n.雇用;职业;使用 enclosure n.随信附件 endorse n.(支票、汇票等)背书，背署；批注；赞成，同意 endorsee n.被背书人 endorsement n.背书(支票、汇票等)；签名；保险批单 enforce vt. 实施, 执行, 强迫执行 enforce the law执行法律 enforce silence强令安静 enter v.进入;加入;登记,报名;过帐;报关 enter a ship申报船只入港 enterprise n.事业心;企业(单位) entry n.报关手续;报关单;入帐 evaluate vt.评价,估价 even adj. 平坦的, 均匀的, 偶数的 This refrigerate doesn't seem to be very even. Just put a block of wood under its bottom. 这台冰箱似乎放不平,在冰箱的底下放一块木头吧。 an even temperature 恒温 2, 4, 6, 8 etc. are even numbers. 二、四、六、八等是偶数。 evil adj.的, 极坏的 n., 不幸, 罪恶 evil thoughts 邪念 evil temper 坏脾气 famine, pestilence and other evils 饥荒、疫病及其他灾难 The love of money is the root of all evils. 爱金钱是万恶之源。 exchange v.交换;交流;兑换 n.交换;交流;兑换;交易所 exclaim v.呼喊, 惊叫, 大声叫 exclaim in [with] delight欢呼 exclaim against指责… exclaim at [on, upon]… exclaim over感叹… exemption n. 豁免,免税额 expenditure n.支出,开支 expense n.花费,经费;(pl.)费用 expire v.期满,终止 Our trade agreement with Holland will expire at the end of this year. 我国同荷兰的贸易协定今年年底期满。 explode v.爆炸, 爆发 The boiler exploded and a big fire ensued. 锅炉爆炸了,随着而来的就是一场大火。 explode with anger 勃然大怒, 大发脾气 explode with laugher 哄堂大笑 exploit vt.开拓, 开发, 开采, 剥削 n.功绩，业绩 to exploit the oil under the sea 开发海底石油 to exploit the poor 剥削穷人 Their heroic exploits will go down in history. 他们的英雄业绩将被载入史册。 export vt.出口,输出 n.出口;出口商品 external a.额外的，外加的，超额的 n.（常pl.）额外的项目，费用等 F facility n.容易, 灵巧, 熟练,(pl.)便利, 设备, 器材 Are there washing facilities in the school? 学校里有洗涤设备吗？ failure n.失败,不及格;失败者,失败的事;失灵,故障;破产,无支付能力 fair a.公平的,相当的,浅色的 n.定期集市;博览会;交易会 There must be fair play whatever the competition is. 不管是什么样的竞赛都必须公平合理。 a world's fair 世界博览会 fake n.伪造品 (counterfeit n./adj.伪造品, 伪造的vt.伪造) faulty adj.有过失的, 有缺点的 afaulty reasoning 错误的推理 a faulty design 不完善的设计方案 favo(u)rable adj.赞成的,有利的 favorable weather for working outside 有利于室外工作的天气 favo(u)rate adj.特别喜爱的, 中意的 n.特别喜爱的(或物) fax n.传真 feast n.节日, 盛宴, 筵席 v.（常与on连用）宴请；享受美食 We feasted on chicken and coconuts. 我们吃鸡肉和椰子，大饱口福。 Our reporter feasted his eyes on the beautiful scene of Venice. (喻) 我们的记者饱览了威尼斯美丽的景色。 fence n.栅栏, 围墙, 剑术 The fence kept the dog in the yard. 栅栏把狗圈在了院子里。 figure n.外形, 轮廓, 体形,图表, 数字，名流 v.想出，领会到 a great figure in history 历史上的大人物 I could see a tall figure near the door. 我可以看见门附近有一个高大的人影。 This figure increases to 72 percent during summer vacation. 到了暑假,这个数字上升到72%。 What a fine figure of a man! 一个身材多美的男人! He figured the whole scheme at once. 他马上就懂得了整个计划。 finance n.财政(学),金融;(pl.)财源,资产 v.资助,筹措资金;理财 \"Unless we get more finance, we'll have to close the branch offices.\" \"如果得不到更多的资金,我们就不得不关闭所有的分支办事处。\" financial a. 财政的,金融的 financier n 资本家；金融家 financing n.筹资,资金供应 fiscal adj. 国库的, 财政的,金融的，会计的 the government's fiscal policy 的财政 flesh n. 肉，肌肉 The knife cut the flesh of his arm. 小刀把他胳膊上的肉割破了。 float vi.漂浮;浮动, （汇率）浮动 There is enough water in the harbour to float a fleet of ship. 海港里的水域足够容纳一个船队。 flock n. (禽、畜等的)群, 大量 a flock of sheep 一群羊 同义辩析：flock,herd, swarm这组同义词的一般含义是“群” flock用于表示同类的鸟群，或动物群，特别是羊群；在用于表示人群时，指人数众多的人群. Vistors came in flocks to see the new bridge. 参观者成群结队地来观看这座新桥。 herd 表示生有角质蹄子的动物，如牛或鲸鱼等的“群”. There we saw herds of cows grazing on the pasture. 我们在那里看到一群群的牛在草地上吃草。 注：herd在表示人群时，指普通人. swarm指在一起生活的昆虫的“群” A swarm of bees are following the queen-bee to find a suitable place to establish a new home. 一群蜜蜂跟着蜂王去寻找个合适的地方建立新家。 flourish v.繁荣;兴旺 fluctuation n.波动,(价格)涨落 fluctuation in the exchange rates 兑换率的波动 fluctuation of temperature温度的变动 fluent adj.流利的, 流畅的 He is fluent in five languages. 他能流利地说五种语言。 fold n. 折痕, 折页vt.折叠 She folded the letter so that it would fit into her bag. 他把信折起来，以便可以装到袋里。 In the army camp the quilts are usually folded in this manner. 在军营中被子通常是这样折叠的。 folk n.人们, 亲属, 父母 adj.民间的 I'd like you to meet my folks. 我要你见见我的父母。 foot-note n.脚步；足迹 forehead n.前额 forfeit n. 罚金,罚款 former adj.从前的, 以前的 n. 前者 The owner of that shop is Mr Brown — the former owner was Mr Johnson. 那家商店的主人是布朗先生，以前的店主是约翰逊先生。 Of swimming and football he much preferred the former. 在游泳和足球中他更喜欢前者。 foundation n.建立;基础;基金会 fraction n.小部分, 片断, 分数 She spends only a fraction of her earnings. 她只花了所赚的钱的一小部分。 1/3 and 5/8 are fractions. 三分之一和八分之五是分数。 franchise n 特许,特权；专卖权,特许权 franchisee n.特许经营人 franchiser n. 给别人经营联营特许权的公司或制造厂 freight n.货运;(货运的)货物;运费 frugal adj.节俭的, 朴素的 a frugal housekeeper 节俭的管家 fund n.基金;(pl.)资金 funenal n.葬礼 furious adj.狂怒的, 猛烈的 I was furious when he crashed my car. 当他撞了我的车时，我很生气。 furnace n.炉子, 熔炉 This meeting room's like a furnace. 这个会议室热得象火炉一样。 furthest adj.最远的, 最遥远的 adv.最远地, Our house is the furthest / farthest from the school.我们家是离学校最远的。 futures n.期货，期货交易 G gain v.获得;获益;增加;(钟、表)走快 n.获利,盈余;增加,(价格、价值、利润等)涨 This clock gains five minutes a day. 这只钟每天快5分钟。 gallon n.加仑仑(美加仑=3.7853公升; 英加仑=4.6公升) gap n.缺口, 裂口, 间隙, 空白 There are wide gaps in my knowledge of history. 我的历史知识很缺乏。 garage n.汽车间, 修车厂, 车库 garbage n.垃圾, 废物 gay adj. 鲜艳的；令人愉快的 n.<美俚> 同性恋者, 尤指男性同性者 The children were all gay at the thought of the coming holidays. 孩子们一想到即将来临的假日,都很高兴。 gay colours 鲜艳的色彩 generous adj.慷慨的, 大方的 He is very generous — he often buys things for other people. 他很大方，经常为别人买东西。 gentle adj.温和的, 文雅的 gentlehood n.名门世族 gloomy adj.阴沉的, 令人沮丧的, 忧郁的 glorious adj.光荣的, 显赫的 Our country has a glorious past. 我们的国家有一段光辉的历史。 glory n.荣誉, 光荣 Win glory for our motherland! 为祖国争光! glow vi.发光, 发热 The metal glowed in the furnace. 金属在熔炉里发出灼热的光。 glut n 存货过多，供过于求 goods n.货物，商品；财产 goodwill n.信誉，商誉 grace n.优美，优雅；宽限 grant vt.同意，准许；授予 n.()拨款 The government gave us a grant to build another classroom. 给了我们一笔补助，用来盖另外一间教室。 grant-in-aid n.财政补贴 functional grant-in-aid 职能性财政补贴 housing grant-in-aid 住房支出的财政补贴 gray n.灰色, 暗淡, 灰暗 adj.灰色的, 灰白的 grip vt.紧握, 紧夹 n.掌握, 控制, 把手 The child gripped its mother's arm. 孩子紧抓着母亲的胳膊。 He kept a firm grip on his children. 他对小孩管得很严。 gross a.总的；毛重的 n.总额 group n.群，小组；团体；集团(公司) v.分组；聚集 guarantee n.保证；保证书；担保 vt.担保，保证 bank guarantee银行担保 cash guarantee保证金 Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers. 许多店主对顾客许诺定让他们满意。 gulf n.海湾 the Persian Gulf 波斯湾 H haggle vi.讨价还价；争论不休（常与about, over连用） We are not used to haggling over price. 我们一向不讨价还价。 We never haggle about principle. 我们决不拿原则作交易。 handful n.一把, 少数 When the employer arrived, the secretary handed him a handful of letters. 老板一到,秘书就交给他一叠信。 They invited a dozen companies, but only a handful of them came.我们邀请了十几家公司,但只来了少数几个。 hire vt.租用；雇用 同义辩析：hire let rent lease 都含“租用”或“出租”的意思。 hire 有“雇”、“短期租借”的意思, 如: hire servants雇佣人。 hire a hall for an evening 租礼堂用一晚上。 let指“出租(房屋、地产等)”, 如: a house to let出租的房屋。 rent指“较长期地租用或租出(房屋、土地等)”, 如: rent a house租房子。 lease指“按租期、 租金、 租约租赁(房屋、土地等)”, 如: lease a piece of land租赁一块土地。 heap n.堆, 大量, 许多 vt.堆, 堆起（与up, together连用） A heap of old clothes was lying in the corner. 一堆旧衣服堆在角落里。 We have heaps of / a heap of work to do. 我们有许多工作要做。 He heaped up great wealth. 他积累起大量财富。 heating n.供暖; 加热, 暖气装置 heroine n.女英雄, 女主人公 hobby n. 业余爱好；嗜好 (lobby n. n.大厅, 休息室, <美>游说议员者) He works in a bank, but his hobby is building model boats. 他在银行工作，但他的业余爱好是做船舶模型。 honor n.光荣，荣誉 vt.给予荣誉；尊敬；承兑(承认并如期付款) I have cooked a special meal in honor of our visitors. 我做了一道特殊的菜向我们的来客表示敬意。 The bank will not always honour your debts. 银行不会总是给你承兑债务。 He's an honor to his parents. 他的父母以他为荣。 hospitality n. 好客；殷勤 The people of your village showed me great hospitality. 你们村里的人对我非常殷勤好客。 hostess n.女主人 The hostess brought us out a pot full of steaming coffee. 女主人给我们拿出一满壶热气腾腾的咖啡。 house n.房子，住宅；议院；所，商行 vt.给… 房子住 hover vi./n. (价格)盘旋 huckster n.零售商；小贩；商业广告员 vi.销售；零卖 huckster over prices on the black market 在黑市上讨价还价 (vendor n. 小贩, 自动售货机=vending machine hawker n. 沿街叫卖的小贩 No hawkers! 小贩禁止入内!) humble adj. 谦卑的；谦逊的；地位或职务低下的 The doctor was humble about his work, although he cured many people. 这位医生虽然治好了许多人的病，但他对他的工作仍很谦逊。 a man of humble origin 出身卑贱的人 hyperinflation n 恶性通货膨胀 hypermarket n.特大百货商场，特大超级商场 hypothecation n 抵押 I idle adj. 闲置的, 懒散的 an idle fellow游手好闲的人 idle worms 懒虫 idle hours 闲时 i.e. (=that is)adv.也就是 The best pupil in the class, i.e. Peter, won the prize. 班上最好的学生就是彼得，他得了奖。 illustrate vt.举例说明, 图解, 加插图于 His story illustrates her true generosity very clearly.他所说的事很清楚地说明了她确实慷慨大方。 The book was illustrated with color photographs. 这本书配上了彩色照片。 immense adj.广大的; 巨大的 an immense territory 广大的领土 an immense improvement 巨大的改进 immunity n.优惠；免除；豁免（常与from连用），豁免权 immunity from taxation免税 imperialism n.帝国主义 economic imperialism 经济帝国主义 military-feudal imperialism 军事封建帝国主义 import vt.输入，进口 n.输入，进口；(pl.)进口商品 impose v.强加；使负担；征税（常on, upon与连用） New duties were imposed on wines and spirits. 酒类被加征新税。 impressive adj.给人深刻印象的, 感人的 an impressive Olympic Games 给人深刻印象的奥林匹克运动会 incentive n.奖励,刺激 give sb. an incentive to do sth. 激发某人去干某事 He hasn't much incentive to work hard. 他没有努力工作的动机。 Money is still a major incentive in most occupations. 在许多职业中, 钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。 income n.收入,所得(工资等) incorporation n./v.合并; 组建公司 San Antonio incorporated as a city in 1837. 圣安东尼奥城建于1837年. iindignant adj. 愤慨的；愤愤不平的 I was indignant because I felt that I had been punished unfairly. 我非常愤慨，因为我觉得对我的惩罚是不公平的。 The indignant passengers beat the pickpocket up.愤怒的乘客们把那个扒手痛打了一顿。 indispensable adj.不可缺少的, 绝对必要的 She's become quite indispensable to the company.她已成了公司里少不了的人。 industrial a.工业的,产业的;实业的 industrialize v.(使)工业化 industrialist n.实业家 industry n.工业;勤勉 His success was due to his industry and thrift. 他取得成功是由于他的勤俭。 inferior adj. 次的, 下级的, 劣等的 an inferior court (of law) 初等 No inferior products should be allowed to pass.决不允许放过任何次品。 His work is inferior to mine. 他的工作不如我。 inflate vt.使通货膨胀，使物价上涨 inflation n.通货膨胀 innovation n.革新 input n.输入;投入(资金或物质) installment n.分期付款;分期收款 instinct n.本能, 直觉 act on instinct 凭直觉行动 by instinct 出于本能 have an instinct for 生来就有...的本能, 生性爱好, 天性就会 Birds learn to fly by instinct. 鸟学飞出自本能。 Trust your instincts and do what you think is right. (喻) \"相信你的直觉,按你自已认为对的去做。\" institution n. 制度; 惯例; 风俗, 社会团体，机构 Giving presents on Christmas is an institution. 圣诞节送礼是一种风俗。 Marriage became an institution in ancient societies. 婚姻在古代社会就已经成为一种制度。 instruction n.讲授;指导;(常pl.)用法说明;指示 (direction (常pl.)用法说明) Read the instructions on the pocket. 看一下袋子上的说明。 insult n.侮辱, 凌辱 vt.侮辱, 凌辱 He insulted her by calling her a stupid fool. 你叫她笨蛋，你侮辱了她。 Insults were hurled back and forth between the two writers. 这两个作家互相辱骂。 insurance n.保险;保险业 integrate v.联合;一体化 Many suggestions are needed to integrate the plan. 需要许多建议使计划更加完整。 intellectual adj.智力的, n.知识分子 highly qualified intellectuals 高级知识分子 intend vt.打算；想要；计划 Today, I intend to finish reading this book. 今天我打算读完这本书。 同义辩析：intend,mean,design这组动词的一般含义是“意欲”或“打算”。 intend 强调“意欲”做某一件确定的事，或者“决意”达到某一确定的目的。此外这个词常用于表达“意欲”使某人从事某职业，或“打算”某物用作何种目的, Erna intends to take short rests every two hours. 欧娜打算每隔两小时休息片刻。 The dictionary is intended for the beginners. 这本词典是为初学者编的。 mean常常可以和intend互换使用。但不强调决心达到某一目的, He always meant to go back one day, but not to stay. 他总想某一天回去，但不住下。 design 强调为达到某目的，事先作过精心安排和仔细考虑。此外，这个词还包含“预谋”、“策划”或“以阴险的手段”达到自己的目的这一意义, Did you design this, or did it just happen itself? 这件事是你有意图安排的还是自行发生的? intensive adj. 强烈的；增强的；集中的 Intensive care in hospitals is given to the seriously ill.在医院里危重病人得到悉心护理/加强护理。 interest n.兴趣;利益;利息;股权 interest-free n.无息的 intermediary n. 中间商，中间人 a.中间的 interval n.间隔, 距离, (工间、课间)休息 at intervals每隔一段时间，每隔一段距离 There was a long interval before he anwsered the telephone.隔了好久他才回了电话。 invalid a.无效的，失效的；作废的 inventory n.存货清单;商品清单 invest v.投资 investee n. 接受投资者 investment n.投资,投资额 investor n.投资者，投资人 invoice n. irregular n. (pl.)等外品；有小缺陷的商品 an irregular verb 不规则(变化的)动词 slightly irregular shirts 不合规格的衬衫 item n.项目;条款;一则(新闻等);商品 There was an interesting item in the newspaper today. 在今天的报纸上有一条有趣的新闻。 J jam n.果酱, 拥挤, 堵塞, 困境 vt.挤进, 使塞满, 混杂 in a jam 陷入困境 The crowds jammed the streets, and no cars could pass. 街上挤满了人群,汽车都无法通行。 I'm in a bit of a jam — I haven't got enough money to pay for this meal. 我有点儿小麻烦，我的钱不够付餐费的了。 job-hunter n.求职者 joint-venture n. 合资经营,合资经营企业,合资企业 junk n. 无用，无价值的东西，废物 The room is full of junk. 那间屋子里满是破烂儿。 His latest novel is junk. 他最近的一本小说很差劲。 junior n.年少者, 晚辈, 下级, 大三学生 adj.年少的, 下级的, 后进的 He is three years junior to me. 他比我小三岁。 He has junior position in the company. 他在这家公司担任一个低级职务。 justify v.证明...是正当的, 认为有理 Is he justified in all his actions? 他的这许多行为是正当的吗? Can you justify yourself in saying that? 你能证明你有着充分理由可以那样说吗? K keen adj.锋利的, 敏锐的, 热心的, 渴望的 A keen north wind was blowing. 刮着刺骨的北风。 He has a keen brain. 他头脑敏锐。 She's keen on sailing. 她喜爱驾船。 He's very keen to see his home town. 他极渴望看到他的故乡。 kettle n. 水壶 Will you put the kettle on? 你把水壶放上好吗？ kite n.风筝;空头支票 kite-flyer n. 开空头支票者 know-how n.(口)实际知识, 技术秘诀, 诀窍 business know-how 办事能力 processing know-how (工艺)操作秘诀; (工艺)操作秘方 technical know-how 技术知识; 技术秘密; 工艺技术 L lace n.饰带, 花边, 缎带, 鞋带 vt.扎带子, 扎, 饰以花边 a lace collar 带花边的衣领 to lace one's shoes 系鞋带 lamb n.小羊, 羔羊 lamp n.灯 landlady n.女房东, 女地主 landlord n.房东, 地主 (hostess n.女主人, 女房东, 女老板) lane n.（乡间）小路, 巷, 狭窄的通道, 航线 We walked down the lane to the farm. 我们沿着小路向农场走去。 launch v.使(船)下水;发射(上天);发动,开展;投放市场 launch a ship 使船下水 launch an artificial satellite 发射人造卫星 launch a new enterprise 创办一个新企业 launch an attack 开始攻击 layoff n. 临时解雇；关闭；停歇 (dismiss from v.解雇, 开除, 消除 fire vt. <口>解雇 sack vt.解雇, 洗劫, 就寝 send away v.发送, 派遣, 驱逐, 解雇 kick out v.<口>把球踢出界, 逐出, 解雇 to give sb. the sack 解雇某人 He was dismissed from his job. 他被解雇了。 According the Law of Labour, bosses can't fire workers at will any longer.根据劳动法,老板们再也不可以任意解雇工人了。) laundry n.洗衣店 leader n.领导人,领袖;畅销商品;先导指数(标) lean adj.瘦的, 贫乏的, 歉收的 v.倚靠, 倾斜 lease n.租赁,租约 leasehold n.租赁, 租约； 租赁权, 租赁期 a.租来的 leaseholder n. 租赁人, 承租人 leaser n. 出租人 leather n.皮革, 皮革制品adj.皮革的 (feather n.翎毛, 轻的东西, 羽毛) leave n.许可, 同意, 请假, 休假 leave of absence准假; 休假 leave with pay 有薪假期 lever n.杆, 杠杆 levy n. 征收税或其他款项；征收额 v. 征收, 征集, 征用; 仰赖 levy a fine [tax] on sb. 向某人征收罚金[税款] levy a ransom on sb. 向某人索取赎金 I have levied on many writers for my essential conception of American culture. 我从许多作家的作品中获得有关美国文化的基本概念。 liable adj（常与to连用）易于…的，有…倾向的; （常与for连用）负有责任的，负责的 It is liable to rain. 要下雨。 I am not liable for other people's debts. 我对其他人的债务不负责任。 liar n. 说谎者 license /-ce v.准许,认可 n.执照,许可证 The policeman asked to see his driving license. 要求看他的驾驶执照。 We are sure that these purchases will soon be licensed. 我们相信订货不久可得到批准。 lid n.盖子 lift n.举起, 电梯, 起重机 v.升起, (指雾等)消散, 升高 同义辩析：lift, raise, elevate, hoist 这组动词的一般含义是“提起”，“举起”。 lift 强调“提升很重的或者抬起比较重的东西”，当用于比喻时，可以指雄伟高大的建筑物或大山的“高耸入云”; The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side of the canal. 现在必须垂直着提升馅饼盘，因为盘的一边靠在运河的侧面上。 raise 在用于“提升”的意义时，可包含费力也可能不包含费力，但总带有“垂直”提升的意思；在用于比喻时，可以表示喂羊家畜、家禽，照料农作物的生长，募集资金，抬募，养育儿童等; raise a flag. 升旗 Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another. 我们的牧师老是在为这桩或那桩事募款。 elevate 一般具有lift和raise的含义，但elevate 常用于抽象概念的提高，如“提高文学鉴赏力”，“提高情操”等 Good reading elerates the mind. 读好书可以提高情操。 hoist 尤指“以机械提升重物” The cargo was soon hoisted into the ship. 贷物很快就被吊进船舱。 lighter n.点火者, 打火机 lightning n.闪电 likewise adv.同样地, 照样地 Paul always finishes his work — you should do likewise. 保罗总是能完成他的工作，你应该也一样。 limb n.肢, 翼, 分支, 树枝 lime n.石灰 line n.线;排;行;线路;路线,航线;行业 v.排队,排成行 an airline航空公司 a shipping line 海运公司 liner n.班机, 邮轮 list n.目录,名单;清单,货单 vt.列表,列举 liter/-tre n. 升, 公升 The bottle holds a liter of beer. 这个瓶子装一升啤酒。 load n.负载,负担 v.装载;装货 loaf n.一条面包, 块, 游荡; 头脑 v.游荡, 虚度光阴 Use your loaf! 用你的脑袋想一想! Half a loaf is better than no bread. [谚]半块面包胜过没有面包; 聊胜于无。 He was fired when he loafed on the job. 他因工作不认真而被开除。 Don't loaf away your time. 不要浪费你的时间。 loan n.贷款;借款 vt.借给,借贷 long vi.渴望, 热望（常与for, to inf连用） I longed for a bicycle. 我特想要辆自行车。 These young lads are longing to go to watch the football match. 这几个小伙子极想去观看足球赛。 lorry n. 卡车；载重汽车 loss n.丧失;损失,亏损;输 lunar adj.月的, 月亮的 lung n.肺 (liver n. 肝脏 stomach n.胃, 胃口 M macroeconomics n.宏观经济学 make v.做,制造;使做,使成为;获得,挣得;总计,等于 n.牌子,式样 manage v.经营,处理;设法办到 management n.管理,经营;管理部门 manipulate vt.操纵;窜改、伪造(帐目等) manpower n.人力；劳动力数量 manual n.手册, 指南 adj.手的, 手动的 a manual for students 学生手册 manufacture vt.(大量)制造，加工 n.制造，制造业；产品 manufacturer n.制造商；制造厂 margin n.页边空白，边缘；余地，(成本与售价的)价差，利润 markdown n. 减价, 标价商品价格 marked adj.有记号的, 显着的, 着名的 This writer's plays are marked by a gentle humor. 这位作家写的戏剧有谐而不谑的幽默感。 He showed a marked lack of interest. 他表现出明显的兴趣不足。 (notable adj.值得注意的, 显着的, 着名的 prominent adj.卓越的, 显着的, 突出的 remarkable adj. 非凡的,值得注意的, 显着的 distinct adj.清楚的, 明显的 prominent persons着名人物 a remarkable change显着的变化) market n.市场；销路 marketing n.市场营销；销售术 masterpiece n.杰作, 名着 mature a.成熟的；考虑周到的；到期的 v.成熟 maturity n.成熟；到期日，偿还日 mean v.意思是，意味着；意欲 a.吝啬的；卑鄙的；平均的 n.平均数(值) 同义辩析：mean, ignoble, abject 这组同义词的一般含义是“卑鄙的”。 mean和ignoble的原义指出身低微，mean指社会下层人的出身，ignoble指出身比贵族阶层低下。 mean 通常表示令人厌恶的的各种特征，如心胸狭窄、气量小等。例如，整个社会都为共同的事业而奋斗，而有的个别人只去经营自己的“小天地”，这种人可谓mean They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. 他们有一种奔放不羁的风度，他们没有对卑鄙的野心目标的无聊的追逐和对舒适的迷恋。 He is a man of mean birth. 他是个出身卑微的人。 ignoble 通常用于修饰人的思想境界，其确切的含义是缺少或没有高尚的情操、崇高的道德或完美的智慧。在掌握这个词时，应知道它的反义词为noble, To bettay a friend is ignoble. 背弃朋友是卑鄙的。 abject 的含义是“低下”，在修饰事物时，这个词只不过是个强式词。如：abject poverty(赤贫)。不过，如果用词慎重，这个词所表示的“卑鄙的”包含着“被贬低”的意思。 means n.方法，方式，手段；资金 He wants to go to college, but his family haven't the means to help him. 他想上大学，可是他家没钱帮助他。 melon n. 甜瓜 mend vt.修改, 改进, 加快, 修理, 修补 Can you mend the hole in my shirt? 你能补一下我衬衫上的洞吗？ 同义辩析：mend repair patch fix 都含“修理”、“修补”的意思。 mend 系常用词, 指“修补破损的简单日常用具, 使之可再用”, 也可以表示治愈创伤，矫正过错或使破裂的感情重归于好,如: mend a toy 修理玩具。 The workmen are mending the road. 工人们正在修路 We must do something to mend his reputation. 我们必须想办法恢复他的名誉。 fix 具有mend和repair这两个动词的一般含认，差别在于fix是个非正式用语 The tap is leaking. We must fix it. 水龙头在漏水，我们得把它修一修。 repair指“修理构造较复杂或损坏较严重的物体, 使之再次完整”, 如: to repair a car修汽车。 patch 指“补缀、填补, 使之可再用”, 如: patch a coat 补大衣。 mental adj.精神的, 智力的 mental illness 精神病 merchandise n.商品，货物 merchant n.商人 merge v.合并 merger n.企业合并，吞并 mess n.混乱, 脏乱v.弄乱 (mass n.块, 大多数, 质量, 群众, 大量) Your room is in a mess. Please tidy it. 你的房间杂乱不堪，请把它打扫干净。 microeconomics n.微观经济学 might n.力量, 威力, 权力 might as well还是…的好；不妨 I might as well give the sweet course a miss. 这道甜食我还是不吃了吧。 mineral adj.矿物(性)的; 含矿物的; 无机的 n.矿物, 矿石 minus adj.负的, 减的 prep.减去 n.负数 (plus prep.加上adj.正的, 加的 multiply v. 乘 divide v除) 12 minus 7 leaves 5. 十二减去七剩五。 4 plus 3 equals 7. 四加三等于七。 3 multiplied by 5 is 15. 三乘五等于十五。 15 divided by 3 is 5. 三除十五等于五。 The temperature was minus 20 degrees. 温度是零下20度。 minute adj.微小的, 详细的 minute difference 微小的差别 mismanage v.管理不善 model n.模型；模范；模特儿；类型 moist adj.潮湿的n.潮湿 (mist n. n.薄雾) His eyes were moist with tears. 他的眼睛泪水汪汪。 (damp n.湿气adj.潮湿的vt.使潮湿 humid adj潮湿的；湿气重的 wet adj.潮湿的, 有雨的, 多雨的vt.弄湿 dank adj.透水的, 潮湿的, 阴湿寒冷的) molecule n.分子 money n.金钱，货币 monopoly n.垄断 moonlighting n.兼职，同时兼两份工作或职业 vi. 兼职 These workers moonlight to live on a higher plane.这些工人靠兼差来提高生活水平。 (part-time adj.兼职的, 部分时间的 adv.部分时间, 兼职地 He works part-time.(=part time)他兼职工作。) mortgage n.抵押;抵押契据 most-favored-nation adj 最惠国待遇 (Of or relating to the status or terms embodied in a commercial treaty by which each signatory agrees to accord the other the same treatment that is or will be accorded to any other nation. 最惠国待遇与商业和约中出现的地位和条款有关联的，通过此协议每一签字国同意给予另一国与任何其它国同样的待遇) multinational a.多国的；的 n.公司 multiply v.繁殖, 乘, 增加 to multiply one's chances of success 增加个人成功的机会 When animals have more food, they generally multiply faster. 动物如果吃得多，通常繁殖也快。 N nail n.指甲, 钉, 钉子 vt.钉, 将...钉牢 He hammered a nail into the wall and hung a picture on it. 他把钉子钉进墙，然后把画挂在上面。 nap n.(白天)小睡, 打盹 to have a nap 打个盹 (drowse n.困，瞌睡 v.使瞌睡) nasty adj.污秽的, 肮脏的, 淫秽的, 下流的 a nasty story 一个猥亵的故事 a nasty room 一个肮脏的房间 (neat adj整齐的；整洁的) (filthy adj.不洁的, 污秽的, 丑恶的 foul [faul] adj.的, 肮脏的n./v犯规 messy [`mesi] adj.肮脏的, 凌乱的 indecent adj.下流的, 猥亵的) necessity n.必需,急需;(pl.)必需品 needle n.针 needle in a haystack 大海捞针 negative n.否定, 负数, 底片 adj.否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的 vt.否定, 拒绝(接受) (neg-=no-否定) a negative vote 反对票 negative attitude 消极的态度 (positive adj.肯定的, 积极的, 正的 passive adj.被动的, 消极的) neglect vt.忽视, 疏忽, 漏做 n.忽视, 疏忽, 漏做 If you neglect this property, it will depreciate. 如果你忽视这份资产,它无形中就贬值了。 Don't neglect to lock the door. 别忘了锁门。 negotiation n.谈判 net n.网 a.净的,纯净的 nevertheless conj.然而, 不过 adv.仍然, 不过, 尽管如此 She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working. 她虽然很疲倦，可仍在继续工作。 He's stupid, but I like him nevertheless. 他是很笨，然而我喜欢他。 (whereas conj.然而, 鉴于, 尽管 但是 Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it. 有些人喜欢肥肉，相反有些人讨厌肥肉。) niece [ni:s] n.侄女, 甥女 nephew [`nefju:] n.侄子, 外甥 nonsense n.胡说, 废话 She told me that the moon was made of cheese. What nonsense! 她告诉我月亮是奶酪做的，真是胡说八道！ note n.笔记;便条;注释;钞票;票据;通知书 vt.记下;注意到,留心 I didn't take any notes. 我没有记一点笔记。 Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days. 请注意这张账单必须在10天之内付清。 The newspaper does not note what happened next. 这家报纸没有说明随后发生的事情。 noticeable adj.显而易见的, 值得注意的 The hole in your trousers is not noticeable. 你裤子上的洞不明显。 (obvious adj.明显的, 显而易见的) novel adj.新奇的, 新颖的, 异常的 同义辩析：novel fiction romance story 都含“故事”的意思。 novel 指“有情节、有人物、有动作、有对话的长篇故事”, 如: the novels of Dickens狄更斯的小说。 fiction 是小说总称, 特指“虚构的、杜撰的故事”, 如: We want facts, not fictions. 我们需要事实, 不要杜撰的故事。 romance 指“爱情故事”、“传奇小说”, 如: The Arabian Nights and Treasure lsland are romances. 《一千零一夜》和《金银岛》都是传奇故事。 story 是普通用词, 指“把真实的或想象的事通过讲述或写成书”, 如: I like the stories about children. 我喜欢儿童故事。 nowhere adv.无处, 到处都无 He is nowhere to be seen. 任何地方都见不着他。 nursery n.托儿所, 苗圃 O object n.物体;对象;目标;宾语 vi.反对,拒绝接受 However, others strongly object to developing private cars. 然而,另有一些人强烈反对发展私人小汽车。 objective adj.客观的n.目标, 目的 (subjective adj.主观的, 个人的 man's subjective initiative人的主观能动性) obligee n.债权人，权利人 obligate vt.使负义务, 强迫 adj.有责任的 He felt obligated to help. 他感到有责任帮忙。 oblige vt.迫使, 责成, 施惠；帮…的忙 The police obliged him to leave. 警方强迫他离开。 Please oblige me by closing the door. 请帮我把门关上。 I'm much obliged to you. 我非常感谢你帮忙。 occupation n.占领;职业;工种 offer v.提供,提出,给予;出价 n.提供,提议 He offered me 300 dollars for that television. 他出300美元向我买那部电视机。 同义辩析：offer, present 这两个动词在一起比较的一般含义为“给”。 offer在现代英语中大致有三层意思： ①把某物拿出来给对方，对方可能接受，也可能拒绝。 ②提出某事让对方考虑。 ③给某人某物，基本上相当于give的含义。 present 可以表示正式的呈递，在其他的用法中，与offer下面的第三个含义相似. …it (the State of Liberty) was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi.…由巴萨正式把它送给美国人民。 The servant presented sandwiches to each guest. 仆人把三明治递给了每一位客人。 Our class presented (or offered) a play. 我们班演出了一个话剧。 Each member should present (or offer) a question to be discussed at the meeting. 每一个成员都应该提出一个问题在会上讨论。 open a.开着的,开放的;公开的;开阔的;坦率的;营业的 v.打开;开张;开通 open-end adj. 开放的，不受的；允许借用的 opponent adj.对立的, 对抗的 n.对手, 反对者 (rival n.竞争者, 对手v.竞争, 对抗 She and I are rivals for the swimming prize. 我和她是游泳比赛奖的竞争对手。) We beat our opponents at football. 我们在足球赛中击败了对手。 option n.选择权，优先购买权 oppress vt.压迫, 压抑 oppress the poor 压迫穷人 A sense of trouble ahead oppressed my spirits. 对今后困难的预感使我情绪低落。 optimistic [opti`mistik] adj.乐观的 (pessimistic [pesi`mistik] adj.悲观的) order n.顺序;秩序,正常状态;命令;定购;定货单 vt.下令;订货;点菜(饮料) I tried to bring some order to the bookshelf. 我设法把书架整得有条理些。 The general has ordered an advance / that the army should advance. 将军已经命令向前推进。 You'd better order a taxi. 你最好还是去预定一辆出租汽车。 Would you like to order some more casserole? 你要不要再来点沙锅菜? ornament n.装饰物, 教堂用品 vt.装饰, 修饰 decoration n.装饰, 装饰品decorate v.装饰 She likes to adorn herself with jewels. 她喜欢佩戴珠宝。 to decorate a street with flags 用旗帜装饰街道) out-of-stock n.缺货，脱销 output n.产量,生产额;输出功率 the total value of industrial output工业总产值 outskirts n郊区，郊外 We live on the outskirts of the city. 我们住在这个城市的郊区。 (suburb n.市郊, 郊区 He lives in the suburb of Beijing and works in the city. 他住在北京郊区，而在城里工作。) overdraft v./n.透支 overdraw n.透支,超支 overdue a.过期的;过期未付的 overlook vt.俯瞰, 没注意到; 宽容 overlook a fault宽容过失 The house on the hill overlooks the village. 从小山上的房子可以俯视村庄。 overnight n.头天晚上 adj.通宵的, 晚上的, 前夜的 adv.在前一夜, 整夜, 突然地 We stayed overnight with my mother. 我们整个晚上都和妈妈在一起。 Byron became famous overnight. 拜伦突然间成名了。 overproduction n.生产过剩,过量生产 overtake vt.赶上, 追上 (take over v. 接收, 接管) The car overtook the truck. 小汽车超过了大卡车。 overvalued n. 定价过高 owe v.欠,欠债;把…归功于 ownership n.所有权,所有制 ox n.牛, 公牛 P packet n.小包裹, 小捆 (pocket n.衣袋, 口袋adj.袖珍的, 小型的) a packet of letters 一包信 packing n.包装 par n.等价;票面价值 adj.票面的, 平价的, 平均的 at par 按照票面价值(买卖等) issue par 发行价格 parity n.平价,等价, 同等；平等 partnership n.合伙,合作企业 parity of treatment 同等待遇 parity price 平衡价格 The two currencies have now reached parity. 这两种货币现已达到同等价值。 party n.政党;聚会;一方,当事人 passbook n. 存折；顾客赊欠帐簿 (bankbook n.银行存折) patron n. 赞助人, 资助人；老顾客；主顾 (sponsor n. 发起人, 主办者;（表演、广播、体育比赛等的）赞助人vt.发起, 主办v.赞助) pay v.付款;付出(代价);给予(注意);致以(问候);进行(访问) n.工资,薪金 \"The international corporation paid $50,000 for the firm, and $2,000 for its goodwill.\" \"这家公司用五万美元买下了这家商号,两千美元买下了它的信誉。\" Have I paid you back the $20 you lent me? 你借给我的二十美元我还给你了吗? It will pay to read a dictionary if you have time.如果你有时间,翻翻词典是值得的。 The workers paid homage(n.敬意) to the king when he came to the factory for a visit. 当国王来到工厂参观时,工人们向他致敬。 payable a.到期应付的 payee n.收款人，取款人 payer n.付款人；交付人；付款人 payment n.付款,支付 payroll n.工资表;发放工资额；在册职工人数 pea n.豌豆 pear n.梨子, 梨树 peach n.桃子 peculate v. 挪用, 盗用；贪污 They accused him of having peculated the public money.他们指控他侵占。 penalty n.惩罚;罚金 pension n.养老金, 退休金 (fee n. 小费, 费(会费、学费等), 酬金 tip n. 小费) physician n.医师, 内科医师 physicist n.物理学者, 唯物论者 piecework n.计件工作 pill n.药丸 pistol n.手 pit n.深坑, 煤矿 pitch n. 沥青 vt.投, 掷, Touch pitch, and you will be defiled.(=You can't touch pitch without being defiled.) 近朱者赤, 近墨者黑。(defile v.染污) plot n.小块土地, 阴谋, (小说的)情节.结构 vt.划分, 绘图, 密谋 The film had an exciting plot. 这部电影有吸引人的情节。 A plot was hatched with secrecy. 一个阴谋在暗中策划着。 They are plotting to rob a bank. 他们正在策划抢银行。 plural adj.复数的 pool n.水塘；水池，游泳池 vt.集中，共用，联营 The three boys pooled their savings for a year to buy a boat.这三个孩子把他们一年的积蓄合在一起买了一条小船。 porter n.守门人, 门房, 行李搬运工 possession n.拥有,占有;(pl.)所有物 pot n.罐, 壶 She made a pot of coffee. 她煮了一壶咖啡。 power n.力量,能力;权力,势力;政权;动力,电力,功率;幂 premier adj.第一的, 首要的 n.；首相 Premier of the State Council take the premier place 占第一位, 占首席 premium n. 奖金, 赢利；保险费；溢价 premium on the price 交易所贴水 premium pay 加班工资, 假日工资 premium system 奖金制度 He paid premiums on his life insurance last year. 他去年付了人寿保险费。 prepackaged n.预先包装好的商品 prepay v.预付 press n. 出版业；出版社（前面与the连用）新闻界，报界；报刊上的评论 freedom of the press 新闻自由 The power of the press is very great. 新闻界的力量非常大。 The press have / has been invited to a press conference to hear the government's statement on the event.新闻记者已应邀参加新闻发布会,听取关于这一事件的声明。 prestige n.信誉,威望,声望 international prestige 国际威望 The old universities of Oxford and Cambridge still have a lot of prestige.历史悠久的牛津大学和剑桥大学仍然享有很高的声望。 price n.价格,价钱;代价 vt.标价 priest n.牧师, 教士 （女性为： priestess） prince n.王子, 巨子；名家； a merchant prince 商业巨子 princess n.公主 principal n.负责人, 首长, 校长, 主犯, 本金 adj.主要的,首要的,资本的,本金的 Once the principal contradiction is grasped, all problems will be readily solved.一旦抓住了主要矛盾,一切问题就迎刃而解。 The principal spoke with disapproval of your words and actions. 校长谈到你的言行时很不赞成。 principal and interest 本利 principle n.原理;原则 The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings. 勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。 On the basis of the five principles for peaceful coexistence there can be reasonable dialogue between any two governments. 以和平共处的五项原则为基础任何两国间都可以进行合理的对话。 produce vt.生产;制造;出示;上演 n.(总称)农产品 George's jokes produced a great deal of laughter.乔治的笑话引起了哄堂大笑。 procedure n.程序, 手续 The new work procedure is a great improvement on / over the old one. 新工序比起老工序来是一个巨大的改善。 processor n. 信息处理机 productivity n.生产率;生产能力 profit n.利润;得益 v.有利于;得益 We hope our criticisms and suggestions will profit you.我们希望我们的批评和建议将对你有所裨益。 profound adj.深刻的, 意义深远的 We had a profound lesson in ideological education yesterday. 昨天我们上了一堂深刻的思想教育课。 promote vt.促进;提升;提倡;促销 (degrade v.(使)降级, (使)堕落, (使)退化 You degrade yourself when you tell a lie. 说谎会贬低自己的身分。) Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster. 我们的老师已被提升为校长了。 Do you have any idea how to promote the sales of this product? 如何来推销这种产品你有什么好办法吗? promotion n.促进;提升;提倡;促销 property n.财产;性能,特性 proposal n.提议, 建议, 求婚 propose vt.计划, 建议, 向...提议, （常与to连用）求(婚) He proposed to himself to achieve what hitherto he had been promised in vain. 他决定要完成一件至今尚无希望的事情。 He proposed to her, and she accepted. 他向她求婚, 她接受了。 Man proposes, God disposes. [谚]谋事在人, 成事在天。 prospect n.前景;展望;可能的主顾 prosperity n.繁荣,兴旺,富有 prosperous n.繁荣的,昌盛的 provision n.供应;准备;条款;给养,口粮 psychological adj.心理(上)的 Is there any possible psychological explanation for his bad health? 他健康状况不好,有没有可能具有什么心理上的原因呢? psychology n.心理学, 心理状态 The professor is a specialist of studying a criminal's psychology. 这位教授是位研究罪犯心理的专家。 pump n.泵, 抽水机 vt.(用泵)抽(水), 抽吸 The villagers had pumped the well dry, and could get no more water. 村民们已把井水抽干了,再也抽不出水来了。 punctual adj.严守时刻的, 准时的 She is always punctual, but her friend is always late. 她总是很守时，可是她的朋友总是迟到。 purchase vt.买,购买 n.购买;购买的物品 purpose n.目的, 意图, 用途, 效果, 意志 vt.打算, 企图, 决心 on purpose 故意地；为了；特地 He went to town with the purpose of buying a new television. (以...为目的) 他进城的目的是买一台新电视机。 I came here on purpose to see you. 我特地来这里看你。 We purpose making another trial / to make another trial.我们打算再试一下。 The government purposed that the project would be carried out before long. 决心不久就开始实行这项工程。 Q quarter n.四分之一, [常 pl.] 方向, 地区, 方面, 季, 季度, 一刻钟; 住处 There were four of us, so we divided the orange into quarters and each ate a piece. 我们共有四个人，因此我们把橘子分成四等分，每人吃一份。 The soldiers' quarters are in that building over there. 士兵的营房在那边的楼里。 quality n.素质;质量;特性 quantity n.量,数量;大量 queue n.行列, 长队, 队列 vi.排队, 排队等待 We queued for the bus. 我们排队等公共汽车。 quote vt.引用, 引证, 提供, 提出, 报(价) The author frequently quoted Shakespeare. 作者经常引用莎士比亚作品里的话。 This is the best price I can quote you. 这是我能向你提出的最好价格。 R radius n.半径, 范围 They searched within a radius of one mile from the school. 他们在学校周围1英里内寻找。 rag n.抹布, 碎屑 rally n/v.价格止跌;回升 n.集会 ransom n 赎金 vt 赎回，赎出 The rich man was asked to pay a high ransom for his daughter who was taken away by criminals. 要求这位富人为被罪犯绑架走的女儿付一大笔赎金。 rate n.(比)率;速度;等级;费用 rating n.估价;财产评估 ratio n.比,比率 Have you used your ration of petrol for this week? 你用了这星期给你定量的汽油了吗？ We have to ration the water. 我们必须限量用水。 rationalize vt.使合理化 Life has been rationalized by science. 科学已将生活合理化。 rat race n.商业竞争;事业上竞争 rat-race n.商业竞争；事业竞争 the race for mayor 竞选 rear n.后面, 背后, 后方, 屁股 adj.后面的, 背面的, 后方的 rebate v/n.折扣;回扣;退款 vt.给...回扣，给...打折扣 There is a rebate of ￡1.50 if the account is settled before 31st Dec.如果账目在12月31日前结清, 可减少一镑半。 export rebates出口减税 freight rebate运费回扣 insurance rebate保险回扣 receipt n.收到;收据,收条 receivable a.应收的;可收的 recession n.不景气,经济衰退 reckless adj鲁莽的；轻率的 be reckless of 不注意 be reckless of the consequences 毫不顾及后果 be reckless of expenditure 乱花钱 reconcile v.对帐;使一致 vt.使和解, 使和谐, 使顺从 be (become) reconciled with sb. 同某人言归于好 be reconciled to (=reconcile oneself to) 甘心于...; 顺从... They're reconciled now. 现在他们和好了。 I can't reconcile those two ideas. 我无法调和那两种看法。 They are reconciled to living there. 他们安心住在那里。 recovery n.复原;收回;复得;复苏 recycle v.回收利用 refer v.参考, 引证, 查阅, 提到, 指(的是) refer a question to an expert 把问题提交给专家(处理) The invention of the compass is referred to China.指南针是中国发明的。 He referred his success to the good teaching he had had. 他把他的成功归于他以前所受的良好教育。 referee n.裁判员；仲裁人；代表人；鉴定人 refresh v.(使)精神振作, (使)精力恢复, 更新 A cool drink refreshed me after my long walk. 走了很长的一段路之后，一杯冷饮使我恢复了精神。 refreshment n.(常pl.) 点心, 饮料 We bought refreshments at the football match. 我们在足球比赛时买了食物和饮料。 (beverage n.饮料(如茶、酒、牛奶、汽水、低度汽水等) alcoholic beverage酒精饮料 beer-like beverage啤酒类饮料 snack n零食；点心；小吃, 快餐) refund n./v.退款,还款 regulate vt.管制, 控制, 调节 regulate a clock把钟对准 regulate the traffic管理交通 regulate the temperature of a room 调节室内温度 The speed of the machine may be automatically regulated to pace the packing operation by an inner microcomputer. 机器的速度可通过内部的微型电脑自动调节得同包装速度一致。 regulation n.规章;法规;控制,调节 reject vt.拒绝,抵制;丢弃;驳回 n.次品,废品;不合格物品 relate vt.叙述, 讲, 使联系, 发生关系 I related my adventure to my family. 我向家人讲述了我的奇遇。 I can't relate what he does with [to]what he says.我没法把他做的和说的联系起来。 They are related to each other. 他们彼此之间有亲戚关系。 reliability n.可靠性 reluctant adj.不顾的, 勉强的, 难得到的 reluctant assistance勉强的协作 The child was reluctant to leave her mother. 这个孩子不愿意离开她的妈妈。 remedy n.药物, 治疗法, 补救, 赔偿 vt.治疗, 补救, 矫正, Warmth is the best remedy for colds. 热疗是治感冒的最好方法。 Your only remedy is to go to law. 你唯一的补救法是诉诸法律。 There is no remedy but …... 除...外, 别无他法。 remit v.汇款，减轻，免除，推迟 remit a matter till [to] a certain date 把某事延至某一天 remit one's anger息怒 remit one's efforts松劲 renewal n. （契约等的）展期，续订 rental n.租赁, 出租；出租业 repayment n.偿还 reproduce v.繁殖, 再生, 复制, Birds reproduce by laying eggs. 鸟类由产卵繁殖。 (manifold vt.复写, 繁殖 propagate v.繁殖, 传播, 宣传 Most plants propagate by seed. 大部分植物用种子繁殖。) reserve vt.保留;预订 without reserve无保留地；无条件地 I have reserved a room for you at the hotel. 我已在旅馆为你预订了一个房间。 I believe your story without reserve. 我毫无保留地相信你说的。 resort vi.求助, 凭借, 采取(某种手段等) n.凭借, 手段, 常去之地, 胜地 have resort to force 诉诸武力 This restaurant is my favorite resort. 这饭馆是我最爱去的地方。 to pass without resort to cheating 不靠作弊获得通过 restless adj.不安定的, 焦躁的 a restless heart烦乱不宁的心 a restless night 不平静的夜晚 restore vt.恢复, 使回复, 归还, 交还, 修复 to restore stolen property 归还赃物 to restore law and order 恢复法律和秩序 resume vt.再继续, 重新开始, 再用, 恢复 We resumed our work after a rest. 休息之后我们重新开始工作。 retain vt.保持, 保留 to retain one's balance 保持平衡 return v.回来;归还;回报 n.回来,返回;偿还;(pl.)受益,盈利 revenue n.营业收入；收入总额；税收，效益 revive v.振兴, 重振, 复活；复苏 The fresh air soon revived him. 新鲜空气很快就使他苏醒过来了。 ridiculous adj.荒谬的, 可笑的 (absurd adj.荒谬的, 可笑的 fantastic adj.幻想的, 奇异的, 荒谬的 monstrous adj.<口>难以置信的, 荒谬的) 同义辩析：absurd foolish silly ridiculous 均含“不合情理”、“荒唐”、“可笑”、“愚蠢的”意思。 absurd 强调“不符合人情或常识的”, 如: It's clear to everybody that the creation of the world by God is absurd.人人都清楚, 上帝创造世界的说法是荒谬的。 foolish 强调“缺乏智慧和判断力的”, 如: What a foolish suggestion!多么荒唐的建议! silly 强调“单纯、糊涂、低能的”, 如: I can't stand her giggling, she's so silly.她吃吃地笑, 叫我真受不了, 那样子傻透了。 ridiculous 意为“荒谬的”、“令人发笑的”, 常会有“鄙视”之意, 如: How ridiculous! 真滑稽! (含“岂有此理”意味) roast v.烤, 烘 The meat is roasting in the oven. 肉在炉子里烤着。 rough adj.粗糙的, 粗略的, 粗野的, 粗暴的 The monkey's skin has a rough feel. 猴子的皮肤有一种粗糙感。 a rough drawing 草图 rub v.擦, 摩擦 rubbish n.垃圾, 废物, 废话 (garbage n.垃圾, 废物 junk n.垃圾, 毒品；海洛因 litter n.垃圾, 乱七八糟的东西；烂纸 muck n.粪肥, 垃圾, 肥料) The cupboard was full of old papers, broken toys, and other rubbish. 碗橱里尽是旧文件、坏掉的玩具和其他没用的东西。 The room is full of junk. 那间屋子里满是破烂儿。 Don't litter. 勿乱丢杂物。 rumo(u)r n.流言, 谣言, 传闻 vt.谣传, 传闻 The rumour was fabricated by the enemy radio station.这谣言是敌人广播电台捏造出来的。 I heard a rumor that the headmaster is leaving. 我听到传闻说校长要走了。 (hearsay n.谣言, 传闻, 道听途说 gossip n.流言蜚语；背后议论人长短 I don't believe it; it's merely hearsay. 我不相信, 那仅是谣传罢了。 You shouldn't listen to gossip. 你不应该听流言蜚语。) run v.奔跑;行驶;流;开动(机器);经营,管理 n.运行,运转 S sack n.麻袋,大包 vt.解雇 scared [skeEd] adj.恐惧的 sacred [`seikrid] adj.神的, 庄严的, 神圣的 He considered it a sacred duty to fulfill his dead father's wishes. 他认为实现父亲的遗愿是神圣的义务。 sacrifice n.牺牲, 献身, 祭品, 供奉 v.牺牲, 献出, 献祭, 供奉 A lamb was offered in sacrifice. 一只小羊用作祭祀. He sacrificed a sheep in the temple. 他在寺庙里供奉上一只羊。 A mother will sacrifice her life for her children. 母亲会为自己的孩子操劳一生的。 His parents made sacrifices to pay for his education. 他的父母为供他上学而作出了牺牲。 salary n.薪水 sale n.卖,销售;削价销售;(常pl.)销售额 salesman n.售货员,推销员 (canvasser n.挨户推销商品的推销员 knocker n.挨户敲门的推销员，上门推销员 bagman n.推销员, (贿赂事件的)中间人 roundsman n[英]推销员, 跑街; [美]巡官; 看夜人) saleswoman n.女售货员,女推销员 sampling n.抽样检验,抽样调查 sanction n 批准；许可;(pl.)经济制裁 without the sanction of the author 未经作者同意 We have the sanction of the law to play ball in this park.法律准许我们在这个公园里打球。 save n.拯救;储蓄;节省 saving n.储蓄;节省;(pl.)存款 saw n.锯v.锯 scale n.天平，台秤，刻度, 衡量, 比例,规模 A machine for weighing people has a scale from one pound to 300 pounds on it. 称体重的机器上有从一磅到300磅的刻度。 The scale of this map is one centimeter to the kilometer. 这个地图的比例是用一厘米代表一公里。 They are preparing for war on a large scale. 他们正在大规模地备战。 scorn n./v.轻蔑, 嘲笑 (deride vt.嘲弄, 嘲笑 jeer n./v.嘲笑, 讥讽, 戏弄 mock v. （常与at连用）嘲笑；嘲弄 taunt n.辱骂, 嘲弄 vt.嘲弄, 奚落) He showed his scorn for my question by saying he would not answer it. 他说他不回答我的问题，以表示对我的蔑视。 You've no right to scorn a poor girl. 你没有任何理由看不起一个贫穷的姑娘。 screw n.螺丝钉, vt.调节, 旋, He screwed the mirror onto the wall. 他把镜子用螺丝固定在墙上。 seal n.封铅, 封条, 印, 图章, 密封 vt.封, 密封 We seal the back of envelopes. 我们把信封的背面封上。 Our special canning process seals the favour in.我们的特殊装罐方法能保存味道。 The treaty was signed and sealed by both governments.条约经两国签字盖印。 second vt.赞成, 支持 section n.部分, 断片, 部件, 节; 部, 科，部处，组 One section of the class was reading and the other section was writing. 班上的一部分人在看书，另一部分人在写东西。 all sections of people各界人民 the Negro sections of New York 纽约的黑人区 security n.安全;保证,保证金 seize v.抓住，捉住；夺取；查封；没收 seize a cache of illegal drugs. 查封非法药物的贮藏处 If you don't pay your debt, your property will be seized. 如果你不还债, 你的财产将被扣押。 The bird seized an unusually big beetle and bore it off to its nest. 那只鸟抓住一只特别大的甲虫把它带进窝。 seizure v.没收;占有;抵押 senior adj.年长的, 资格较老的, 地位较高的, 高级的 (junior adj.年少的, 下级的, 后进的 n.年少者, 晚辈, 下级, (年龄、职位等)较低者, 大学三年级学生) She teaches a senior class. 她教一个高年级班。 She is senior to everyone else in the company. 她在公司里的地位比其他人都高。 senior staff高级职员 a senior officer高级军官 a senior high school高中 senior security优先股(利证券) He is three years junior to me. 他比我小三岁。 He is the junior partner in the firm. 他是这家公司地位较低的股东。 John Smith Junior is the son of John Smith. 小约翰·史密斯是约翰·史密斯的儿子。 sensible adj.有感觉的, 明智的, 有判断力的 If you are sensible you will study for another year. 如果你明智的话，你就再学习一年。 He is sensible of the danger of his position. 他发觉他处境危险。 sensitive adj.（常与to连用）敏感的；灵敏的 She is sensitive to what people think of her. 她很敏感人们对她是怎么想的。 setback n.顿挫, 挫折, 退步 She seemed better until her set back. 她似乎好起来了，后来又退步了。 settle v.解决;定居;安排;停息;付还;结算,结帐 settle in搬入; 定居 settle up付清(欠帐) settle (down) to sth.安下心来做某事 My son has settled happily in America. 我儿子已在美国愉快地定居了。 The Dutch settled in South Africa. 荷兰人殖民南非。 We are settled in our new home. 我们住入新居。 Wait until the excitement has settled down. 等到兴奋的情绪镇静下来再说。 Please settle your account immediately. 请立刻结清你的欠帐。 settle up after a meal 餐后结账 settlement n.解决;调停;居留地;清算;结帐 severe adj.严厉的, 严格的, 剧烈的, 严重的 The severe teacher has gone abroad; You can breathe freely again.要求苛严的教师已经出国了,你可以完全放心了。 shallow adj.浅的, 浅薄的 share v.分享,分担;均分,共用;分配,分派 n.份额;股份 shareholder n.股东,股票持有人 sharp ad. ...点正(指时刻) one o'clock sharp一点钟正 ship n. 大船，舰艇 v.装运，航运，运送；发货 Did he ship it by express or by freight? 他是用快车还是用货车托运它？ burn one's ship 破釜沉舟 shipment n.装船；装载的货物，装货量 shipping n.运货；装运 shopping n.买东西，购物 short n.简略, 短路, 短裤 short of尚未达到, 除非…； 除…外 The box-office receipts fell short of the manager's expectations. 票房收入未达到经理的期望。 They would commit every crime short of murder. 除谋杀外，他们无恶不作。 show v.说明，表明；显示，给看；教，告知 n.展览，展销；演出 sincere adj.诚挚的, 真实的, 真诚的 She is sincere and quite without affectation. 她为人诚恳,毫不矫揉造作\" Accept my sincere professions of regard. 请接受我真诚的致意。 singular n.单数 adj.单一的, 非凡的, 异常的 an event singular in history 历史上独一无二的事件 (plural n. 复数adj.复数的) slack a.萧条的，呆滞的 Trade is slack this week. 这周的买卖不景气。 a slack season (商业)淡季→midseason旺季,忙季 slash v.（大幅度地）削减；减低 Our budget has been slashed. 我们的预算已经削减了。 This week only, prices slashed! (商业广告)大削价, 仅此一周! sleeve n.袖子 slipper n.拖鞋 a pair of slippers （一双）拖鞋 slogan n.口号, 标语 sluggish n.萧条的，停滞的 a sluggish market 不景气的市场 slum n.贫民窟 slumland n.贫民区; 贫民地带 slumdom n.贫民区; 贫民区居民(地位) slump n.暴跌；经济衰退期 ; 消沉 v.失败, 消沉, (物价)暴跌, 跌落 Sales have slumped badly. 销售量大降。 She slumped, exhausted, onto the sofa. 她疲惫之极地倒在沙发上 smuggle v.走私 soar v.剧增；猛涨 Prices soar because of war. 由于战争, 物价飞涨。 solvent a. 溶解的,有偿付能力的,有溶解力 (insolvent adj.破产的, 无偿付能力的) Gasoline is a solvent liquid which removes grease spots . 汽油是一种能去掉油污的有溶解力的液体。 A bankrupt company is not solvent. 一个破产的公司是没有偿还债务的能力的。 somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些 I was somewhat surprised. 我有点惊讶。 I am somewhat tired of this work . 我对这个工作有点厌倦了 。 somewhere adv.某处, 在某处 At last he found somewhere to park the car. 最后他找到了某个地方来停车。 sound2 adj.健全的, 可靠的, 合理的 I've repaired the roof and it's quite sound now. 我修了屋顶，现在它挺坚固的。 souvenir n.纪念品 When Uncle Bill went abroad to live, he left me his watch as a souvenir. 比尔叔叔出国时把表留给我作为纪念品。 (keepsake n.纪念品, 赠品 I still have it as a keepsake. 我把它当纪念品保存着。 remembrance n.回想, 记忆, 问候, 纪念品 a small remembrance 一件小纪念品) spade n.铲, 铁锹v.铲 spare adj. 空闲的, 剩下的, 贫乏的, 备用的 v.节省, 不伤害, 宽恕, 分让, 提供给某人 If you have a spare bed, may I stay tonight? 如果你有空床的话，今晚我可以留下吗？ He doesn't spare himself. 他律己甚严。 She never spares the butter when baking. 她烤东西的时候从不吝惜奶油。 We may meet again if we are spared. 如果我们不死, 还会见面的。 Can you spare the time to help me? 你能抽出这段时间帮我吗? 习惯用语： ...and to spare(=enough and to spare) 多余, 很多 if one is spared 要是不死的话 not spare oneself 不宽恕自已, 严格要求自已, 不疲塌 spare oneself 怕吃苦; 偷懒; 不努力 specialize/-ise v.专门研究，专政；专营 specification n.规格,说明书 specimen n.样本,标本 spectacle n. 壮观的场面, 公开展示, 奇观, (a pair of ～s)眼镜 Viewed from the top of Mount Tai, the sunrise was indeed a spectacle. 从泰山顶上看去, 日出真是个奇观。 speculation n.投机买卖 spin v.旋转, 纺, 纺纱 n.旋转 The wheels of the car were spinning. 小汽车的轮子飞速旋转。 spin cotton into thread 纺棉线 spiral n./v.螺旋上升 sponsor n.主办人,发起人 vt.发起,主办;赞助 spot n.斑点, 污点, 地点 vt.认出, 发现 She had spots on her face when she was ill. 当她生病的时候，她脸上有斑点。 spring v.跳, 跃, 跃出, 使跳跃, 涌现 She sprang out of her chair to greet her father. 她从椅子上跳起来迎接她父亲。 A breeze has sprung up. 微风已开始吹拂。 stadium n.露天大型运动场 (schoolyard n.校园, 运动场 playground n.操场；运动场；游乐场 field n.原野, 旷野, 领域, (一块)田地, 牧场, 域, 战场, 运动场) stagnation n.停滞 economic stagnation经济停滞 stain n.污点, 瑕疵 v.染污, 沾污 The coffee stained his shirt brown. 咖啡把他的衬衫染上了棕色。 stain sb.'s name with slander 用诽谤的手段败坏某人的名声 stainless adj.纯洁的, 无瑕疵的, 不锈的 stainless steel 不锈钢 stake n.投资本金 [pl.] 赌物; 赌金;[pl.]奖金[品]; 利害关系, 风险 at stake 被赌着, 在危险中, 利害[生死]攸关 have a stake in sth. 与某事有利害关系 stale adj.不新鲜的, 陈腐的 stale bread 不新鲜的面包 stale news 陈旧的新闻 statistics n.统计(数字);统计学 stem vi（与from连用）源自，起源于 Correct decisions stem from correct judgements.正确的决心来源于正确的判断。 steward n.(轮船, 飞机等)乘务员, 干事 stewardess n.(轮船, 飞机等)女乘务员 storage n.储存,保管;储藏 store n.商店;储藏,储存 vt.储藏,储存 straw n.稻草, 麦杆, 纸吸管；塑料吸管 He drank the milk through a straw. 他用麦管喝牛奶。 stroke vt.抚摸 He stroked the baby's head. 他抚摩婴儿的头。 streamline vt.使简单化;使…效率更高 subordinate n.部下,下属 subsidy n.补贴;补助金 substance n 物质，实质，要旨；财产 Salt is a substance we use in cooking. 盐是我们做菜时用的东西。 The substance is good, but the style repellent. 内容甚佳，但文体甚糟。 waste one's substance 浪费钱财 succession n.连续, 继承, 继任 the succession of the seasons 四季的接续 successive adj.继承的, 连续的 The school team won five successive games. (=five games in succession, five games running)(连续的五场比赛)校队连续获得五场比赛的胜利。 sum n.总数，总和；金额 v.总计；概括，总结 in sum大体上, 一言以蔽之, 总之 sum up总计; 概括; 总结; 判断; 估量 supermarket n.超级市场 supreme adj.极度的, 极大的, 最高的 The most important law court is called the Supreme Court. 最重要的叫做最高。 supervise v.监督; 管理 , 负责 The teacher supervised our drawing class. 老师负责我们的图画课。 surplus n.过剩;结余 sweater n. 羊毛衫 swift adj.迅速的, 快的, 敏捷的 a swift glance迅速的一瞥 a swift runner跑得很快的人 swing v.摇摆, 摆动, 回转, 旋转 n.秋千, 摇摆, 摆动 The boy swung on the rope tied to a tree. 这个男孩坐在一根拴在树上的绳子上荡秋千。 She swung from happiness to tears. 她转喜为悲。 switch n.开关, 电闸, 转换 vt.转换, 转变 There is a switch on the wall for turning on the lights. 墙上有一开电灯的开关。 I used to cook on electricity, but I've switched to gas. 我过去用电烧饭，但现已换成用煤气了。 syllable n.音节 symptom n. 症兆，症候 Fever is a symptom of many illnesses. 发烧是许多疾病的症兆。 synthetic adj.合成的, 人造的, 综合的 This synthetic dress material does not crush. 这种合成纤维衣料不会皱。 (artificial adj.人造的, 假的, 非原产地的 counterfeit n.adj.赝品, 伪造品 imitation n.模仿, 冒充, 赝品, 仿造物 mock adj.假的n.嘲弄, 模仿, 仿制品 artificial flowers 假花 a counterfeit note伪钞 an imitation of leather皮革仿制品 imitation jewelley伪造的珠宝) T tablet n. 碑, 牌匾, 药片 They put up a marble tablet in memory of his father. 他们建了一座大理石碑来纪念他的父亲。 tale n.故事, 谣言, 传说 takeover n.兼并;接收 target n.靶子;目标,指标 tariff n.关税;收费表 raise tariffwalls against foreign goods 建立关税壁垒以抵制舶来品 a refreshment-room tariff [英]餐室价目表 tax n.税;负担 vt.征税 These two shopkeepers are in prison for tax evasion.这两个店主因逃税而坐牢。 taxation n.征税,纳税 taxpayer n 纳税人 tear n. 眼泪 vt.扯, 撕, 撕破 to tear up the letter 撕毁一封信 tedious adj.乏味的, 沉闷的, 冗长的 (stuffy adj.乏味的, 气闷的) teller n.出纳员 term n.学期;措词,俗语;(pl.)条件,条款 in terms of以…的观点；就…而说 If you agree to my terms -- free meals and good wages — I will work for you. 如果你同意我的条件，免费用餐并给高薪，我就为你工作。 tertiary adj.第三的, 第三位的, 第三世纪的 tertiary—industry n.第三产业 thrift n.节俭, 节约 To practice thrift is a virtue.节俭是美德。 (frugality n.节俭, 俭省) thunder n.雷, 雷声, 轰隆声 vi.打雷, 雷鸣 tight a.紧的,牢固的;密封的;银根紧的 timid adj.胆小的, 羞怯的 as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠 (bold adj大胆的；勇敢的； 冒险的 as bold as brass鲁莽；擅自；厚颜 It is hardly believable that such a pretty young lady is as bold as brass. 真是难以置信这样一位年青漂亮的太太竟然如此厚颜无耻。) timing n.时间安排;时间选择 title n.标题,题目;称号,头衔;所有权 toe n.趾, 脚趾, 足尖 toll n.(路、桥等)通行费；(重大)损失 toll on long-distance telephone calls 长途电话费用 Automobile accidents take a heavy toll of human lives.车祸使许多人丧生。 torch n. 手电筒, 火把；火炬 He used a torch to see into the dark cupboard. 他用一只手电筒照看黑暗的橱柜。 torture n.折磨, 痛苦, 拷问, 拷打 vt.拷问, 曲解, 折磨, 使弯曲 tough adj.强硬的, 艰苦的, 坚强的, 坚韧的, 强壮的, 吃苦耐劳的 n.恶棍 a tough story难以置信的故事 a tough job棘手的工作 a tough customer难伺候的客人 total a.完全的，全体的 n.总数，合计 vt.总计，合计 trade n.贸易；商行，行业 v.交易，做生意 transact v.做交易；办理 transaction n.交易 transfer v./n.迁移，调动；转车，转学；转让，过户 trap n.圈套, 陷阱, 诡计, vi.设圈套, 设陷阱 The police set a trap for the thieves. 设下了圈套捉小偷。 treaty n.条约；协定 tremble n./vi.战栗, 颤抖 His voice trembled with anger. 他的声音因愤怒而发抖。 trifle n.琐事, 少量, 小事 trip v. 摔倒, 绊倒, 失足 I tripped over the box on the floor and fell. 我被地板上的箱子绊了一下，摔倒了。 triumph n.胜利, 成功 v.获得胜利 It was a great triumph when our team won the race.我们队赛跑赢了,这是一个很大的成功. trust n./v.信赖，信任；委托 turnover n.营业额，销售额；人员调整；周转 aggregate turnover周转总额 annual turnover年营业额 tunnel n.隧道, 地道 They tunnelled for weeks before they reached the other side of the hill. 他们挖了几个星期的隧道，才通到小山的另一边。 U ultimate adj.最后的, 最终的, 根本的 n.最终 The union leaders declared that the ultimate aim of their struggle was to pay increase and improved working conditions for the workers. 工会领导人宣称他们斗争的最终目的是要增加工人工资和改善工作条件。 undertaking n.保证，许诺；事业 unemployed a.失业的 unemployment n.失业 unjust adj.不公平的 unlikely adj.未必的, 不太可能的, 靠不住的 an unlikely undertaking 一项似乎不会成功的事业 It was very unlikely that he would do that. 他不见得会做那种事。 unload vt.卸货 utter adj.全然的, 绝对的 vt.发出, 做声, 发表 What he is doing is utter stupidity! 他正在做的是完全愚蠢的事。 utter the truth说真话 V vacuum n.真空, 空间, 真空吸尘器 Her death left a vacuum in his life. 她的去世给他的生活留下一片真空。 validity n.有效性；合法化 value n.价值；实用性；(pl.)价值观 vt.估价，评价；尊重 VAT(=value added tax) n. vendor n.卖主，小贩 venture n.冒险，投机 v.冒险；大胆… V.C.=venture capital风险资本 I venture to say that.... 恕我冒昧地说... Nothing venture, nothing have. [谚]不入虎穴, 焉得虎仔。 versus prep.对(指诉讼,比赛等中), 与...相对 vice n.恶习, 恶行, 坏脾气 vice versa adv.反之亦然 We gossip about them and vice versa (=they gossip about us). 我们谈论他们, 他们也谈论我们。 vivid adj.生动的, 传神的；栩栩如生的 She gave the police a vivid description of the accident. 她对生动地描述了这次事故。 void a.无效的，作废的 volume n.卷，册；体积，容量；音量 W ward n.守卫, 保卫, 保护, 牢房, 病房 warehouse n.货仓，货栈 warranty n.保证书，担保书 welfare n.福利，福利事业 wholesale n.批发 adv, adj批发地（的） They sell refrigerators wholesale. 他们批发电冰箱。 （retail n.零售adj.零售的 vt.零售, 转述 These shoes retail at $＄10. 这鞋零售价每双10美元。） wholesaler n.批发商 wipe v.擦, 揩, 擦去 wipe the dishes 擦碟子 wipe your tears away 擦干你的眼泪 withdraw vt.收回；撤退；提款 to withdraw $500 from a bank account 从银行提取500美元 He withdrew from the race. 他退出比赛。 The army withdrew. 撤退了。 withdrawal n.提款；撒回 wrap n.外套, 围巾, 包裹, vt.包装, 卷, 缠绕, 包 The assistant wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. 这个店员以最快的速度为她把衣服包好。 XYZ xerox v. 复印 (copy v.复印, 复制, 拷贝, 抄袭 reproduce v.繁殖, 再生, 复制 duplicate n.复制品, 副本vt.复写, 复制) yawn v.打呵欠, 张开, 裂开 n.呵欠 I felt so sleepy I couldn't stop yawning. 我感到很困，止不住地打呵欠。 yield v.产生，出产；让步，屈服；倒塌，垮掉 n.产量，收获量；(投资等的)收益