(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：6，分数：60.00)
1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
In 1956, when the cold war was at its peak, America deployed a \"secret sonic weapon\as a newspaper headline put it at the time. That weapon was Dizzy Gillespie, a famed jazz musician, who was given the task of changing the world\"s view of American culture through rhythm and beat. Crowds poured into the street to dance. Cultural diplomacy died down after the cold war ended. But the attacks of September 11th 2001 convinced the State Department to send out America\"s musicians once again to woo hearts and minds with melody. Rhythm Road, a program run by the State Department and a non-profit organization, Jazz at Lincoln Centre, has made informal diplomats out of both musicians and audiences. Since it began in 2005, musicians have travelled to 96 countries. One band went to Mauritania, a country in northwestern Africa, after last year\"s coup; many depart for countries that have strained relationships with America. The musicians travel to places where some people have never seen an American. Jazz, so participants in the program, is well-suited to diplomacy. It is collaborative, allowing individuals both to harmonize and play solo—much like a democracy, says Ari Roland, who plays bass for a band that left New York to tour the Middle East on March 31st. Jazz is also a reminder of music\"s power. It helped break down racial barriers, as enthusiasts of all colors gathered to listen to jazz when segregation was still the law of the land. The State Department spent 10 million US dollars on cultural diplomacy programs in the year to September 30th 2008. But most expect funding for the initiative to increase under Barack Obama, who pledged his support for cultural diplomacy during his campaign. Rhythm Road now sends out hip-hop and bluegrass bands as well. There are some dissenters. Nick Cull, the director of the Public Diplomacy Program at the University of Southern California, thinks that these diplomatic projects would be more productive if they were not administered by the same agency that oversees the country\"s foreign-policy agenda. And there is also clamor for Mr. Obama to appoint a secretary of culture in his cabinet. What good, they ask, is sending American culture abroad, when the country is not giving it proper attention at home?（分数：10.00）
(1).Why was Dizzy Gillespie regarded as a \"secret sonic weapon\" in 1956?（分数：2.00） A.He was deployed to help the U.S. gain the victory of the cold war. B.He was assigned to beat enemies at the peak of the cold war. C.He had the power to influence the world during the cold war.
D.He could help to reshape a new image of American culture to the world. √
解析：解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节。根据Dizzy Gillespie定位到第一段，该题难点是段中并没有明显的因果信号词，而是用who引导的定语从句来表达因果逻辑，强调了由于迪兹·吉莱斯皮通过节奏和拍子来改变世界对美国文化的看法，所以他就是“秘密声音武器”，故选D项。
(2).What is the position of cultural diplomacy in American politics?（分数：2.00） A.It has always been highly valued throughout history.
B.It was a vital weapon in the second half of the 20th century. C.It was neglected for decades after oace being successful. √ D.It was welcomed by American citizens during the war.
解析：解析：推理判断题。根据cultural diplomacy定位到第一段，该段提到文化外交在冷战结束后逐渐冷却，9·11事件的爆发才促使美国重拾对文化外交的重视，故选C项。
(3).The word \"well-suited\"(Line 1, Paragraph 3)most probably implies（分数：2.00） A.the participants of the program are all well dressed. B.jazz music is collaborative as well as individual. C.the participants are suitable for the program. D.jazz music best represents the democratic spirit. √
解析：解析：语义理解题。根据题干直接定位到第三段。要结合上下文来理解，该词所在的句子后面紧接着的句子是起解释说明作用的，即因为爵士乐和民主政治很相像，从而推断出爵士乐很适合用来开展外交，故选D项。
(4).The Rhythm Road program（分数：2.00） A.only involves professional musicians. B.is a cultural and political program. √ C.aims at America\"s opponent countries. D.sends out mainly bands of Jazz music.
解析：解析：事实细节题。根据Rhythm Road定位到第二段。该段中提到这项计划是由国务院和一家非赢利组织林肯中心爵士乐社共同开展的，从而使得音乐家以及观众共同成为了民间的外交家，故可以合理推得Rhythm Road这一项目既涉及文化，又涵盖政治，故选B项。 (5).The last paragraph suggests that（分数：2.00）
A.the cultural democracy programs are not successful and productive at all. B.Barack Obama fails to realize his pledges for support to cultural democracy. C.the government should emphasize American culture only at home.
D.authorities should give more attention to American culture domestically. √
解析：解析：推理判断题。答案在最后一段。该段强调对于文化外交，在美国国内还是有人持异议的，并要求政府对文化活动在本国的开展要予以重视。故选D项。
Nice guys knew it, now two studies have confirmed it: bad boys get the most girls. The finding may help explain why a nasty suite of anti-social personality traits known as the \"dark triad\" persists in the human population, despite their potentially grave cultural costs. The traits are the self-obsession of narcissism; the impulsive, thrill-seeking and unfeeling behavior of psychopaths; and the deceitful and exploitative nature of Machiavellianism. At their extreme, these traits would be highly detrimental for life in traditional human societies. People with these personalities risk being shunned by others and shut out of relationships, leaving them without a mate, hungry and vulnerable to predators. But being just slightly evil could have an upside: a prolific sex life, says Peter Jonason at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces. \"We have some evidence that the three traits are really the same thing and may represent a successful evolutionary strategy.\" Jonason and his colleagues subjected 200 college students to personality tests designed to rank them for each of the dark triad traits. They also asked about their attitudes to sexual relationships and about their sex lives, including how many partners they\"d had and whether they were seeking brief affairs. The study found that those who scored higher on the dark triad personality traits tended to have more partners and more desire for short-term relationships. But the correlation only held in males. James Bond epitomizes this set of traits, Jonason says. \"He\"s clearly disagreeable, very extroverted and likes trying new things—killing people, new women.\" Just as Bond seduces woman after woman, people with dark triad traits may be more successful with a quantity style or shotgun approach to reproduction, even if they don\"t stick around for parenting. \"The strategy seems to have worked. We still have these traits,\" Jonason says. This observation seems to hold across cultures. David Schmitt of Bradley University in Peoria, Illinois, presented preliminary results at the same meeting from a survey of more than 35,000 people in 57 countries. He found a similar link between the dark triad and reproductive success in men. \"It is universal across cultures for high dark triad scorers to be
more active in short-term mating,\" Schmitt says. \"They are more likely to try and poach other people\"s partners for a brief affair.\" Matthew Keller of the University of Colorado in Boulder remarks: \"They still have to explain why it hasn\"t spread to everyone? There must be some cost of the traits.\" One possibility, both Keller and Jonason suggest, is that the strategy is most successful when dark triad personalities are rare. Otherwise, others would become more wary and guarded.（分数：10.00）
(1).Unlike others, people with slight dark triad personalities are more likely to（分数：2.00） A.run the risk of being avoided by others. B.be left alone and attacked by predators. √ C.enjoy a productive and successful sex life. D.ruin the good relationship.
解析：解析：主旨大意题。考查文章标题，从全文可以看出，文章主要讨论“暗黑三合一”的三种反社会人格对两性关系的影响，开篇即说明“男人不坏，女人不爱”，最后一段又点出“在其存在比例极低的前提下，此特质才最成功”，故B项“择偶策略：坏就是好”最贴切。
(2).On which of the following statements would Jonason and his colleagues most probably agree?（分数：2.00）
A.Both men and women scoring higher had more partners in life.
B.There is a tie between the dark triad and sex success among all the people. C.Being a monster could bring people a prolific sex life. √
D.A close tie between the dark triad and sex success could be found in males.
解析：解析：事实细节题。根据slight dark定位到第三段，该段第一句明确说明有一点坏的特质也许是优势：比如有丰富多彩的性生活，故C项正确。
(3).The word \"epitomize\"(Line 1, Paragraph 4)most probably means（分数：2.00） A.enjoy. B.appreciate. C.typify. D.despise. √
解析：解析：事实细节题。根据Jonason and his colleagues定位在第三段，最后一句表明研究发现“暗黑三合一”特质测试中得分越高的人，倾向于拥有越多的性伙伴。但这种相关性只存在于男性身上，故D项与之相符。
(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（分数：2.00） A.the dark triad personality traits have spread to both men and women. B.people are extremely cautious about people with dark triad personalities. C.the dark triad personality traits may cost people much sometimes. √ D.the strategy is most successful without dark triad personalities.
解析：解析：语义理解题。根据题干定位到第四段，本段主要列举詹姆斯·邦德的例子，原因是邦德身上集合了这组人格特质，故C项“成为……的典型”正确。
(5).Which of the following would be the best title for this text?（分数：2.00） A.Dark Triad Personality Traits B.Bad Is Good as a Mating Strategy C.Dark Side of Human Beings √ D.Being Evil and Lucky
解析：解析：推理判断题。根据题干定位到第五段。其中讲到“拥有这些特质肯定要付出代价的”，故C项与之相符。
Humanity\"s greatest accomplishment of the past five decades, declared Bill Gates this week, is the reduction in the number of deaths among young children by half, to 10 million a year in 2007. The world\"s most successful capitalist heaped praise on the World Health Organization(WHO), while unveiling an ambitious new global scheme to eliminate polio within a few years. For his part, the agency\"s top polio man, Bruce Aylward, described the fight against the disease in the language
of markets: \"Elimination is the venture capital of public health: the risks are huge but so too are the rewards.\" The use of this sort of language captures a change in public health in the past decade. The Gates Foundation, with its pots of money and businesslike approach, has transformed the bureaucratic and disheartened world of public health. It has helped revive ailing campaigns, including the fight against polio. This will now get a fresh $600m-plus, from British and German taxpayers, from the Rotary Club International, as well as from the Gates Foundation($255m). The decline from 350,000 new cases in 1988(when the goal of rapid polio eradication was first declared)to 2,000 cases now(chiefly in Nigeria, India, Pakistan and Afghanistan)looks like a near victory. But the final stretch is the hardest. Only one in 200 cases is readily vulnerable to early detection(as opposed to most victims of smallpox—a serious infectious disease that causes spots which leave deep marks on the skin, already eliminated). Polio is also far more infectious. Other obstacles are that the usual vaccine has not worked well in densely populated, disease-ridden central India. Researchers are now trying to find a vaccine that fits those conditions better. Neal Halsey, of Johns Hopkins University, says the \"live\" vaccines used commonly today must be backed up with further doses of \"inactivated\" vaccines. These need to become cheaper. The fighting in Afghanistan and Pakistan has hampered vaccination programs there. So have rumors among Muslims in northern Nigeria that the vaccination program was in fact a conspiracy to sterilize children. That allowed the polio virus to strengthen and spread. The Nigerian strain may have now reached a dozen other countries. The final push towards elimination will certainly be costly, though several recent studies suggest that it is cheaper to spend money on a big elimination effort now than to pay the price later for sustained vigilance and health costs. The prospect of a global revival is concentrating minds. That is why, despite the daunting challenges and potential donor fatigue, the world may end up making a go of elimination this time.（分数：10.00）
(1).According to Paragraph 2, a change in the world of public health refers to the fact that public health（分数：2.00）
A.is more businesslike than what it used to be.
B.has received pots of money from the Gates Foundation. C.is no longer bureaucratic and demoralized. √
D.restarts the campaigns which had slim chance of success.
解析：解析：推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段。可以发现change与原文“改变了(transform)公众健康领域的官僚作风和死气沉沉的局面”对应，C项符合此意。
(2).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that eradication of polio is the hardest in that（分数：2.00）
A.there are still as many as 2,000 new cases at present. B.it is very infectious and not easy to be detected earlier. √ C.there were as many as 350,000 new cases in 1988. D.it is impossible to be detected at an early stage.
解析：解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节。根据题干和hardest定位到第三段。其中说到“最后阶段最艰难，每200例中只有一例可以在早期查出。小儿麻痹症传染性也强得多。”，B项与之完全相符。 (3).Muslims in northern Nigeria is cited as an example to show that（分数：2.00） A.eradication of polio has been hampered by the conspiracy of Muslims. B.eradication of polio met many obstacles there. √ C.vaccination program was harmful to the children there. D.vaccination program strengthened and spread virus.
解析：解析：事实细节题，考查例证细节。根据Muslims in northern Nigeria定位到第五段。可以发现文中第四、五段讲述的都是疫苗接种(vaccine)在各国遇到的阻碍(obstacles)，因此B项符合文意。 (4).By saying \"the world may end up making a go of elimination this time\"(Lines 4-5, Paragraph 6), the author implies that the world may（分数：2.00） A.manage to eradicate polio. √
B.fail to achieve the eradication of polio. C.give up the goal of eradication of polio. D.begin to eliminate polio.
解析：解析：语义理解题。根据题干在第六段找到该句，可以发现该句原意为“全世界仍可能最终成功根除小儿麻痹症”。A项中manage to与原句make a go of意义相同，即“成功地做某事”。 (5).Which of the following would be the best title of the text?（分数：2.00） A.The Success of Eradication of Polio B.The Ambition of Gates Foundation
C.The Greatest Accomplishment in Public Health D.Eradication of Polio so Near, yet So Far √
解析：解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了世界在致力于根除小儿麻痹症的过程中取得的成绩(The decline from350，000 new cases in 1988 to 2,000 cases now)和遇到的阻碍(But the final stretch is the hardest．)，D项so near与so far与之相符。
Technology is supposed to make our lives easier, allowing us to do things more quickly and efficiently. But too often it seems to make things harder. This spiral of complexity, often called \"feature creep,\" costs consumers time, but it also costs businesses money. Product returns in the U.S. cost a hundred billion dollars a year, and a recent study by Elke den Ouden, of Philips Electronics, found that at least half of returned products have nothing wrong with them. Consumers just couldn\"t figure out how to use them. Companies now know a great deal about problems of usability and consumer behavior, so why is it that feature creep proves unstoppable? In part, feature creep is the product of the so-called internal-audience problem: the people who design and sell products are not the ones who buy and use them, and what engineers and marketers think is important is not necessarily what\"s best for consumers. The engineers tend not to notice when more options make a product less usable. And marketing and sales departments see each additional feature as a new selling point, and a new way to lure customers. You might think, then, that companies could avoid feature creep by just paying attention to what customers really want. But that\"s where the trouble begins, because although consumers find overloaded gadgets unmanageable, they also find them attractive. It turns out that when we look at a new product in a store we tend to think that the more features there are, the better. It\"s only once we get the product home and try to use it that we realize the virtues of simplicity. It seems odd that we don\"t anticipate feature fatigue and thus avoid it. But, as numerous studies have shown, people are not, in general, good at predicting what will make them happy in the future. As a result, we will pay more for more features because we systematically overestimate how often we\"ll use them. We also overestimate our ability to figure out how a complicated product works. The fact that buyers want bells and whistles but users want something clear and simple creates a peculiar problem for companies. A product that doesn\"t have enough features may fail to catch our eye in the store. But a product with too many features is likely to annoy consumers and generate bad word of mouth, as BMW\"s original iDrive system did.（分数：10.00）
(1).In the first paragraph, the author mainly discusses（分数：2.00） A.the benefits brought by the advanced technology. B.the recent study conducted by Elke den Ouden.
C.the loss incurred by the feature creep of technology. √ D.many problems of usability known by the consumers.
解析：解析：主旨大意题，考查段落大意。根据题干定位到第一段。其中讲到随着科技的进步，产品的功能蔓延导致许多问题，故C项与之相符。
(2).Which of the following is true according to the second paragraph?（分数：2.00） A.It is the audience problem that leads to feature creep.
B.What matters to designers and marketers is not good for consumers. C.Feature creep brings blessings to the people in marketing and sales. √
D.The engineers will not pay attention to the quality of the products.
解析：解析：推理判断题。根据题干定位在第二段。本段末明确提出市场营销部门还把这些附加功能视为新的卖点用以吸引客户，故C项正确。
(3).Companies find it difficult to avoid feature creep because consumers（分数：2.00） A.find complex gadgets easy to manage.
B.are attracted by gadgets with more features. √ C.do not like the gadgets featured by simplicity. D.know the virtues of complexity very well.
解析：解析：事实细节题。考查因果细节，根据avoid feature creep定位到第三段。本段中because引导的从句解释了功能蔓延的根源，即人们首先是被产品的复杂功能所吸引，故B项正确。 (4).It is stated in Paragraph 4 that the buyers generally（分数：2.00）
A.are too confident of their ability to use the complicated products properly. √ B.are deeply convinced that all the products work in a simple way. C.are fed up with the more and more features of the products.
D.are quite clear about the products which will make them happy in the future.
解析：解析：推理判断题。根据题干定位到第四段。本段最后一句明确说明我们过高估计了自己使用这类功能复杂的产品的能力，故A项与之相符。
(5).By saying \"buyers want bells and whistles\"(Line 1, Paragraph 5), the author means that they want to buy（分数：2.00）
A.a variety of products which they could use to generate loud noises. B.the product which will generate good word of mouth for its features. C.the product which has many features but doesn\"t annoy consumers. D.the product with many non-essential but often engaging features. √
解析：解析：语义理解题。根据题干定位到第五段。此类题需从上下文进行推断。but提示了前后文的转折关系，后文表明使用者希望产品简单易操作。因此推断前文意思应为购买者则喜欢花哨复杂的产品，因此才会产生a peculiar problem，故D项与之相符。
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